body image dissatisfaction and sociocultural influences among adolescents in subang jaya, selangor...
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BODY IMAGE DISSATISFACTION AND SOCIOCULTURAL INFLUENCES
AMONG ADOLESCENTS IN SUBANG JAYA, SELANGOR
Shobhna P. & Rosnah S.
Body image concerns every stage of life
Preoccupation > prevalent in adolescence
Concern over the adverse effect on health is more serious in this stage as adolescents are more vulnerable to influences, more keen to rebel and are in search of their identity (Tger Bogt 2006; Bell et al. 2007).
General Objective
To determine socio-cultural factors (peer, parents and media) influences on body image dissatisfaction (AE and BASS) among adolescents.
The sociocultural influences that was studied in this research were media, parental and peer influences as these factors have been identified as the most important influencing factors in adolescents’ body image perception.
Sociocultural Influences
Media Influences
Peer Influences
Parental Influences
AgeGenderRaceFather’s EducationMother’s Education
Socio-demographic
Factors
Body Image Dissatisfaction
Appearance Evaluation
(AE)
Body Area Satisfaction Scale (BASS)
Sociocultural Influences
Media Influences
Peer Influences
Parental InfluencesAge
GenderRaceFather’s EducationMother’s EducationHousehold Income
Socio-demographic
Factors
Body Image Dissatisfaction
Appearance Evaluation
(AE)
Body Area Satisfaction Scale (BASS)
Measures the feelings of physical attractiveness or unattractiveness; satisfaction or dissatisfaction with one’s looks or appearance.
taps satisfaction or dissatisfaction with discrete aspects of one’s appearance such as height, face, weight and hair.
Study Design - Cross Sectional Design
Study Location - 9 national secondary schools in Subang Jaya
Sample population – students aged between 15 and 17 years old.
Sampling method – Simple random sampling
2 subscales of the MBSRQ-AS was used to indicate body image dissatisfaction among adolescents.
Appearance Evaluation (AE) - measures the feelings of physical attractiveness or unattractiveness; satisfaction or dissatisfaction with one’s looks.
Body Area Satisfaction Scale (BASS) - taps satisfaction or dissatisfaction with discrete aspects of one’s appearance such as height, face, weight and hair.
The main reference - Tripartite Influence Model (Keery et al 2004).
This model includes three main subscale that influence body image dissatisfaction; the media, peer and parents influence (Shroff and Thompson, 2004).
N Mean ± Standard Deviation
P
SexMaleFemale
180201
3.56 ± 0.673.31 ± 0.66
< 0.001
EthnicityMalay IndianChineseOthers
11663
1984
3.49 ± 0.633.57 ± 0.723.36 ± 0.683.42 ± 0.62
0.110
Father’s Education Lower than Secondary Secondary College / University
11116254
3.08 ± 0.613.38 ± 0.713.47 ± 0.66
0.102
Mother’s Education Lower than Secondary Secondary College / University
15165201
2.87 ± 0.923.39 ± 0.633.50 ± 0.67
0.003*
n Mean ± Standard Deviation
P
SexMaleFemale
180201
3.39 ± 0.703.17 ± 0.69
0.002*
EthnicityMalay IndianChineseOthers
11663
1984
3.35 ± 0.693.28 ± 0.733.22 ± 0.713.39 ± 0.46
0.432
Father’s Education Lower than Secondary Secondary College / University
11116254
2.77 ± 0.803.16 ± 0.703.35 ± 0.68
0.003*
Mother’s Education Lower than Secondary Secondary College / University
15165201
2.73 ± 0.983.20 ± 0.64 3.37 ± 0.71
0.001*
Variables Standardized Coefficients
ß
t P value95% Confidence
Interval for B
Lower Bound
Upper Bound
Male Media Influence
-0.242 -3.346 0.001 -0.329 -0.085
Father's Education
-0.034 -0.402 0.688 -0.254 0.168
Mother's Education
-0.047 -0.558 0.577 -0.266 0.149
Female Media Influence
0.138 1.887 0.061 -0.006 0.254
Father's Education
0.039 0.507 0.613 -0.138 0.233
Mother's Education
-0.188 -2.394 0.018 -0.381 -0.037
Variables Standardized Coefficients
ß
t P value95% Confidence
Interval for BLower Bound
Upper Bound
Male Media Influence -0.093 -1.242 0.216 -0.215 0.049
Father's Education -0.080 -0.915 0.361 -0.334 0.122
Mother's Education -0.098 -1.121 0.264 -0.352 0.097
Female Media Influence 0.257 3.684 <0.001 0.113 0.373
Father's Education -0.058 -0.785 0.433 -0.260 0.112
Mother's Education -0.086 -1.151 0.251 -0.273 0.072
Body image dissatisfaction among adolescents in Subang Jaya was significantly different between male and females with female showing higher dissatisfaction with their body image compared to males as done in other body image studies.
No significant difference among ethnicity
Media and Parents’ education level significantly predicted body image dissatisfaction
Data from this study were obtained from self-report
Validity in terms of Malaysian Population The parental influence was measured and
analyzed as one entity External factors that would have confounded this
current study were not included. Nature of study could not draw a causal
relationship between the sociocultural influences and the body image dissatisfaction
Sociocultural influence on body image dissatisfaction generally is becoming a global phenomenon. Thin idealization has created many problems among youths such as anorexia nervosa, bulimia and substance abuse. Model and beauty contestants are becoming thinner over the years. Body dissatisfaction among male is also becoming more and more prevalent.
Schools and other organization that are associated with adolescents should ensure that healthy and positive body image are promoted to them.
Role of parents Role of teachers Role of health care provider and society
Should encompass ; Knowledge, attitude, practice, communication skills, ability to detect body image disturbance and promoting healthy body image.
Provide adolescents with basic media literacy skills. Empowerment - to take action in addressing media messages that perpetuate poor body image.
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