brain anatomy

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HUMAN BRAIN ANATOMY

Lasitha.M

MSRSAS

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Human Brain

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Human Skull

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Cont…

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Cont…

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Blood vessels of the skull

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Human Brain

Cerebellum (Co-ordinate muscle

movements, maintain posture, and balance.)

Cerebrum ( touch,

vision, hearing, speech, reasoning, emotions, learning &

fine control movements)

Brain Stem (relay center

connecting the cerebrum and cerebellum to the spinal cord. breathing, heart rate, body

temperature, wake and sleep cycles, digestion, sneezing, coughing, vomiting, and

swallowing )

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Brain Lobes

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Cont…

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Actual Brain

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Actual Brain

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Meninges

Meninges are layers of

tissue that separate the

skull and the brain

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Arachnoid Membrane

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Arachnoid Granulations

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Cerebral Cortex & Brain Stem

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Cerebral Cortex

Cerebral Cortex

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Cerebrum surface

A sheet of neural tissue

10-14 billions of neurons

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The Neocortex

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The Cerebrum

Largest myelinated structure , 200-250 million neurons present

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Anatomy of Ventricles

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Physiology of ventricle

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Gyri, Fissure & Sulci

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Longitudinal Fissure

Lobes of the Brain

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Left & Right Hemisphere

controls speech, comprehension, arithmetic, and writing

creativity, spatial ability, artistic, and musical skills

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Frontal Lobe

Memory FormationEmotionsDecision Making/Reasoning Personality

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Frontal Lobe:The frontal lobe assists in

motor and cognitive activities

such as planning, making

decisions, setting goals and

relating the present to future

through purposeful behaviour

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Olfactory Bulb

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Broca’s & Wernicke Area

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Arcuate Fasciculus

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Parietal Lobe:

Assist in sensory processes, Spatial interpretation, attention and language

comprehension. Interprets language, words, Sense of touch, pain, temperature,

Interprets signals from vision, hearing, motor, sensory and memory.

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Primary Somatosensory Cortex/ Postcentral Gyrus

Somatosensory Association Cortex

Primary Gustatory Cortex

Very sensitive areas- lips & finger tips

Touch, Temperature, Body Position and Pain

Taste

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Occipital Lobe

The Occipital Lobe of the Brain

is located deep to the Occipital

Bone of the Skull. Its primary

function is the processing,

integration, interpretation, etc of

VISION and visual stimuli.

Interprets vision (color, light, movement)

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Occipital lobe

Primary Visual Cortex

Visual Association Area

size, color, light, motion, dimensions

Interprets information acquired through the primary visual cortex.

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Visual

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Occipital Lobe: Process visual information and passes its conclusion to the parietal and frontal lobe

Temporal Lobe

• The Temporal Lobes are

located on the sides of the

brain, deep to the Temporal

Bones of the skull.

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Temporal Lobe:

Assist in auditory perception, language comprehension and visual recognition.

Primary Auditory Cortex

Wernike’s Area

Primary Olfactory Cortex (Deep)

Conducted from Olfactory Bulb

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Cerebellum

The cerebellum is involved in the

coordination of voluntary motor

movement, balance and equilibrium

and muscle tone.

Damage to the cerebellum can lead

to: loss of coordination of motor

movement, the inability to judge

distance , the inability to perform

rapid alternating movements,

movement tremors , tendency toward

falling, weak muscles, slurred speech

& abnormal eye movements.

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Brain Stem

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Brain Stem

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Hind Brain

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Central Core

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ThalamusThalamus

good or bad forwards the information

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PonsPons

dreaming and wakening from sleep

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Cerebellum

body movements, controls posture and maintains equilibruim

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PonsReticular Formation

signals the cerebral cortex to attend the new simulation and to remain alert even during sleep.

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ThalamusMedulla

breathing, walking, sleeping and beating of the heart

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Limbic System

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Hippocampus

emotion, learning and memory

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Hippocampus

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Amygdala

aggression, eating, drinking and sexual behaviors

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Hypothalamus

Monitors blood levels of glucose, salt, blood pressure and hormones

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Hypothalamus

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Cranial Nerves

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Cranial Nerves:Left Olfactory - Optic Chiasm - Right Oculomotor (pupi)- Left Oculomotor - Right Trochlear (eye)- Left Trochlear -

Right Trigeminal(face sensation) - Left Trigeminal - Right Abducens (eye) - Left Abducens - Right Facial - Left Facial - Right Acoustic - Left Acoustic - Right Glossopharyngeal & Vagus (taste,swallow, HR, digetion)- Left Glossopharyngeal & Vagus - Right Hypoglossal (tongue)

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11th & 12th Cranial Nerves

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Optic nerve on the back of the eye

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Neuron

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