brain injuries in ct

BRAIN INJURIES IN CT PRESENTED BY:RAKESH VALLITTAYIL

BRAIN INJURYANY INJURY OCCURING IN BRAIN OF A LIVING ORGANISM BRAIN DAMAGE- DISTRUCTION OR DEGENERATION OF BRAIN CELLS. TRAUMATIC BRAIN INJURY – DAMAGE OCCURES WHEN OUT SIDE FORCE TRAUMATICALLY INJURES THE BRAIN. STROKE – VASCULAR EVENT WHEN CAUSING DAMAGE TO BRAIN. AQUIRED BRAIN INJURY – DAMGE AFTER BIRTH EITHER TRAUMATIC OR NOT TRAUMATIC OR DUE TO OUT SIDE OR INSIDE

SKULL FRACTURE

A skull fracture is a break in one or more of the eight bones that form the cranial portion of the SKULL.

TYPES Linear Depressed Diastatic Basilar

LINEAR FRACTURES BREAK IN BONE THAT

TRAVERSE FULL THICKNESS OF BONE THE SKULL FROM OUTER TO INNER SHELL

MOST common USUALLY REQUIRES NO

INTERVENTIONS BLUNT FORCE TRAUMA

DEPRESSED SKULL FRACTURE

WHEN THE BROCKEN PORTION DISPLACED INWARD

DUE TO BLUNT FORCE TRAUMA

HIGH RISK DUE TO PRESSURE ON THE

BRAIN OR HEMORRHAGE.

DIASTIC FRACTURE

WHEN THE FRACTURE LINE TRANSVERES ONE OR MORE SUTURES OF THE SKULL CAUSING WIDENING OF SUTURE.USUALLY SEEN IN CHILDREN

BASILAR FRACTURE

LINEAR FRACTURES OCCURE IN SKULL BASE INCLUDING SPHENOID ETHMOID TEMPORAL AND OCCIPITAL BONE.

VERY RARE TYPE OF FRACTURE

INTRACRANIAL HEMORRHAGEINTRA AXIAL HEMORRHAGE (INSIDE THE BRAIN TISSUE)

INTRA CEREBRAL HEMMORRHAGE (ICH)CEREBRAL CONTUSION

EXTRA AXIAL HEMORRHAGE (OUT SIDE THE BRAIN TISSUE)

EXTRADURAL HEMMORRHAGE (EDH)SUBDURAL HEMMORRHAGE (SDH)SUBARACHANOID HEMMORRHAGE (SAH)INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMMORRHAGE (IVH)

INTRA CEREBRAL HEMMORRHAGE (ICH)OVAL OR ROUND SHAPED SINGLE OR MULTIPLECOMMON LOCATION IS BASAL GANGLIAIT MAY EXTEND TO VENTRICLES.CAN BE DUE TO HYPERTANSION,TRAUMA,ANEURISM AND AVM.IT CAN CAUSE MASS EFFECT

CEREBRAL CONTUSIONS BRUISE OF THE BRAIN

TISSUE SMALL –DANGEROUS

BECAUSE IT WILL CAUSE AXION DAMAGE. LARGE-LESS DANGEROUS.

MENINGES THE MEMBRAINS THAT ENVELOP THE BRAIN.

1. DURA MATER – OUTER 2. ARACHANOID MATER –MIDDLE

3. PIA MATER- INNER

EXTRADURAL OR EPI DURAL HEMORRHAGE (EDH)BETWEEN INNER SURFACE OF THE SKULL AND OUTER LAYER OF DURA.ASSOCIATED WITH FRACTUREARTERIAL BLOODBICONVEX IN SHAPE

SUBDURAL HEMATOMABETWEEN DURA MATTER AND THE BRAIN RESULTING IN TEARING OF VENOUS BRIDGEVENOUS BLOODCRESCENT SHAPEDACUTE SDH: DUE TO TRAUMA MOST LETHALCHRONIC SDH:OVER A PERIOD OF TIMEPROGNOSIS -GOOD

EDH VS SDH

SUB ARACHANOID HEMORRHAGE (SAH)

BLEEDING INTO SUB ARACHANOID SPACEFROM CEREBRAL ANEURISM OR INJURY

INTRAVENTRICULAR HEMORRHAGE (IVH)

BLEEDING INTO VENTRICULAR SYSTEMDUE TO TRAUMA OR STROKECOMMON IN PREMATURE INFANTSIT WILL INCREASE THE INTRACRANIAL

PRESSURE WHICH CAN RESULT IN FATAL BRAIN HERNIATION

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