brazil's copyright reform

Intl. IP Law & the 21st Century: Will the Developing World Lead or Follow?

Brazil's Copyright Reform: Lost Chance?

Pedro ParanaguáDuke University

www.PedroParanagua.net

@PedroParanagua

UCLA, Feb. 18, 2011

table

1. TRIPs flexibilities (no WCT/WPPT)

2. Brazil's Copyright Act 1998: TRIPs-plus

3. why?

4. Brazil's copyright reform

after lunch !?after lunch !?

i hope that . . .

which are the TRIPs standards ?

TRIPs-plus

life + 50

TRIPs-plus

life + 50

life + 70

TRIPs-plus

33

TRIPs-plus

33 -- 83

TRIPs-plus

33 -- 83 = 50 years

TRIPs-plus

33 -- 83 = 50 years

+

70 years

TRIPs-plus

33 -- 83 = 50 years

+

70 years

=

120 years

TRIPs-plus

promote who's creativity ?

TRIPs-plus

promote who's creativity ?

TRIPs-plus

promote who's creativity ?

TRIPs-plus

1904 – 1989

TRIPs-plus

1940 – 1993

TRIPs-plus

publisher ?

author or record label ?

who's the owner ?

TRIPs-plus

$15 bi. surplus

TRIPs-plus

for the same reason

TRIPs-plus

life + 50

TRIPs-plus

$27,204

Brazil's Central Bank (2008)copyright royalties flow (in $1,000)

TRIPs-plus

$27,204

$2,359,143

Brazil's Central Bank (2008)copyright royalties flow (in $1,000)

TRIPs-plus

reproduction for archival purposes

TRIPs-plus

reproduction for archival purposes

TRIPs-plus

L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)

TRIPs-plus

L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)

no archival / preservation

restritividade da lei brasileira

restritividade da lei brasileira

restritividade da lei brasileira

TRIPs-plus

shifting from one format to another

TRIPs-plus

shifting from one format to another

TRIPs-plus

L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)

TRIPs-plus

L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)

format shifting

restritividade da lei brasileira

outoutofof

printprint

TRIPs-plus

reproduction of out-of-print works

TRIPs-plus

reproduction of out-of-print works

TRIPs-plus

2 years out of print

authorized full reproduction

(Art. 53(2)4(b))

TRIPs-plus

USP – Social Science 30% out of print

FGV – Business School 45% out of print

P. Ortellado & J. Machado,

“Direitos autorais e o acesso às publicacões científicas”,

Revista Adusp 37, ago. 2006

TRIPs-plus

L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)

TRIPs-plus

L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)

out-of-print works

TRIPs-plus

reproduction for educational purposes

TRIPs-plus

reproduction for educational purposes

TRIPs-plus

L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)

TRIPs-plus

L&E (Art. 13 TRIPs)

educational purposes

TRIPs-plus

Art. 46. It shall not violate copyright:

II – the reproduction not for profit, of small excerpts, in a sole copy, for the private use of the person making the

copy, provided it is made by her/himself

TRIPs-plus

what do publishers say ?

there is (mis)information

TRIPs-plus

ABDR

Associação Brasileira de Direitos Reprográficos

TRIPs-plus

no anti-circumvention

TRIPs-plus

no anti-circumvention

DRM (TPM)

only

Microsoft Windows (WMA/DRM)

Apple (“fair”play/DRM)

TRIPs-plus

idea–expression dichotomy

not TRIPs-plus

idea–expression dichotomy

idea–expression dichotomy

why ?

Brazil's Copyright Act 1998

Brazil's Copyright Act 1998

drafting 1988

1980s

deficit US trade balance

1980s

deficit US trade balance

IP

1980s

deficit US trade balance

$43-61 bi. illegal copies

1980-87: $27 bi. surplus

$138 bi. deficit

1986-94 Uruguay Round GATT – WTO

IP + trade (?)

US happy ?

+ + + +

bilaterals . . .

unilateral . . .

royalties flow Brazil US

1994: $161 mi. + 645%

2004: $1.04 bi.

special 301

any interested person

special 301

1988: $39 mi. tariff penalties against BRA

concerned BRA + India lead block against TRIPs

special 301

BRA filed complain against US; which withdrew the measure in 1990

BRA “faced a long battle searching for justice in a trade system which was more about power

than about playing by the rules”

(Drahos with Braithwaite 2003)

special 301

1989: report from MPAA + IIPA

BRA, India, Mexico, China, Egypt, Korea,

Saudi Arabia, Taiwan + Thailand

special 301

2001-2006

BRA

“priority watch list”

special 301

IIPA report Feb. 11, 2008

special 301

relatório da IIPA de 11.02.2008

special 301

Nacional Copyright Forum (Dez. 2007)

Ivana Crivelli: lawyer, 1st VP ASPI, member Copyright Committee OAB/SP

Vanisa Santiago: VP Inter-American Institute of Copyright (IIDA)

Ícaro Martins: Pres. Association of Film Makers (Apaci)

César Costa Filho: composer & lawyer, founder Student Artistic Movement (MAU), Pres. Copyright Defense Association (ADDAF) & ex-pres. Brazilian Union of Writers (UBC)

special 301

relatório do USTR de 2006

IIPA

special 301

relatório da IIPA de 12.02.2007

special 301

IIPA report Feb. 18, 2010

only 25%

what about US' fair use ?

GNU/Linux

IIPA prefers “piracy”

“piracy”

problem or market strategy ?

US

MS Windows VistaBusiness Full

+

MS OfficeProfessional 2007

=

$634.98

www.amazon.com 27.11.2007

Microsoft Windows

BRA

MS Windows VistaBusiness Full

+

MS OfficeProfessional 2007

=

BRL$2,298.00

www.submarino.com.br 27.11.2007

US

MS Windows Vista + Office

=

$634.98

$634.98

Microsoft Windows

BRA

MS Windows Vista + Office

=

BRL$2,298.00

$1,255.73 (BRL$1.83 = $1)

Microsoft Windows

Pedro de Paranaguá Moniz: “Software Livre como Alternativa de Desenvolvimento e de Negócio: em busca da soberania nacional”,Juruá, in “PI: estudos em homenagem à Prof. Maristela Basso”, sob coord. Patrícia Carvalho, ago. 2005

Microsoft Windows

Baseado em “First Annual BSA and IDC Global Software Piracy Study”, de 2004. Cf. http://www.bsa.org/globalstudy/

network effect

special 301

IIPA report Feb. 18, 2010

totally ignores MJ's initiative

Lawrence Lessig

“With the confirmation of the

[copyright] reform, you'll have the

most progressive copyright law in the

world”

http://bcufrgs.blogspot.com/2010/02/lessig-reforma-autoral-dara-ao-brasil.html

then . . .

who else ? ? ?

MinC

to worsen

lost chance ?

balance between

authors

+

owners / industry

+

society

investment <> A2K

1. economic reason for IP: innovation, creativity &

social welfare;

2. if rigid or ill formulated: stifle innovation,

creativity & access

Joseph Stiglitz, IP rights and wrongs, 16 ago. 2005

obrigado / thank you !

Pedro Paranaguá

pedro.paranagua@duke.edu