broadband infrastructure in the county of møre and romsdal and rural regional development
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Broadband Infrastructure in the County of Møre and Romsdal
and Rural Regional Development
Judith Molka-Danielsen, Ottar Ohren, & Bjørn Jæger Molde University College, Molde, Norway
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 2
Outline
1. Background
2. Motivation and Research Objectives
3. Research method
4. The county of Møre & Romsdal
5. Findings
6. Conclusion and Implications
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 3
Background• The eNorway plan, from the national
government, describes a demand driven broadband policy
• Competition among network providers should give broadband access to everyone
• Local governments are supported with partial funding for buying broadband services
• Municipalities are expected to stimulate demand by
• Being an active user of broadband services (schools, administration, health, etc)
• Offering broadband services to people (e-Government)
• Cooperate and co-ordinate with local businesses to increase demand for broadband services
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 4
A snapshot of Møre and Romsdal
Motivation• Local administrators and policy makers are afraid that their region
will be left behind in the competition.• There is a belief that access to broadband services could reduce
centralization, or reinforce decentralization.• Uncertainty on how a demand driven model will work in rural
areas.
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 5
Research Objectives
1. How does the demand driven policy work in rural areas?
2. To investigate the broadband expectations from local governments, what they planned for, and to what degree the expectations where fulfilled.
i. Availability of infrastructure
ii. Types of public service units w/BB access
iii. Applications of ICT used by communities
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 6
Research method• One survey in April 2001 to M&R
municipalities and businesses to find out about plans and expectations– (1260 businesses and 38 municipalities where
asked. 17 of 38 responded.)• Follow up survey to M&R municipalities Nov.
2002 to check status regarding broadband adoption (38 of 38 responded.)
• Comparison with other studies (Andalucia region and Madrid region, Spain)
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 7
Møre & Romsdal County
• 244000 citizens, 15000 sq km, 16 person/sq. km2
• 3 urban centers with population of 20000 – 40000• 33 % of population lives in urban centers• 84 % of companies have < 10 employees• 38 municipalities
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 8
Findings
i. Availability of Broadband Infrastructure
ii. Types of Public Service Institutions or departments with Broadband Access
iii. Applications of ICT Used by Communities
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 9
i) Availability of BroadbandM&R Network access technology
Technology municipalities with->
% in 4/2001
% in 11/2002
% change
Wireless radio
12 31 19%
ADSL /SDSL / VDSL
6 31 25%
Fiber 24 40 16%
Coaxial cable network
6 6 0%
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 10
Regional Comparisons
Area M&R
Norway
Andalucia
Spain
Madrid
Spain
Tot.pop. 244k 7,478k 5,527k
Area km2 15k 87,3k 8kDensity=per/km2 16 85,7 688,4
% of nat. pop. 5,37% 17,9% 13,2%
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 11
The Madrid region (Spain)
ADSL DeploymentCable Deployment
Number of Madrid municipalities with ADSL by number of inhabitants
pop/km2
ADSL< 250 251-500
501-1,000
1,001-1,500
1,501-2,500
> 2,500
YesNo
0 + (4)19
1 + (3)14
514
49
1212
820
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 12
The Andalucia region (Spain)
• 32 % of population is located in provincial capitals• 18 % of population has access to internet• 17 % of the households have access to internet• 96 % of companies have < 10 employees • 3% of households have access to cable networks.• 14 % of households in Spain have the possibility
to have broadband access (ADSL).
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 13
ii) Access to BB via Public Service UnitOrganizational units with broadband access
Broadband users ECON Analysis 2003
% of municipalities
Norway (all) M&R(all) Rural
Central admin. 49% 48 41
Primary schools 34% 51 45
Healthcare inst. 45 39
Preschools 20 16
Cultural inst. (library, movies)
43% 31 26
Other institutions or departments
8 7
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 14
ii) Are social factors an inhibitor for obtaining access to Broadband?
• Norway: (This seems to not be an inhibitor.) – 75 % of the population (70% households) has access to
internet (persons > 13 years)– 65 % of the population lives in the southern part of the
country, 64 % in urban areas– But the population is very homogeneous in education,
income, and language skills.
• Spain and the Andalusia region: – 23% of the population of Spain have access to the
internet.– 18.2% of the region have access to the internet.– 23% of the population under 15 years old. – Andalusia is below the national average in education
and income. (Related to population youth.)
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 15
In M&R geography creates a challenge for transport and communication services.
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 16
iii) Applications of ICT used by communities: .. first the prerequisites
Applications and
Bandwidth requirements
ECON Analysis (2003) needs for basic
QoS
uplink downlink
Information searching, browsing on the Internet
64k 64k
E-mail 64k 64k
File transfer 128k 128k
Video conferencing 256k 256k
Video on Demand (MPEG 4) 64k 500k
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 17
iii) Applications of ICT used by communities
Applications % of municipalities
All municipalities Use at all(2-5)
Much use(4-5)
Information searching on the Internet 91 47
Web site of community information 100 26
E-mail 85 56
Education of employees 29 3
Network meetings 0 0
Purchasing via public e-marketplaces 50 9
Electronic invoicing 6 6
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 18
E-applications usage by M&R communities
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
% o
f m
un
icip
alit
ies
Some use Much or very much use
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Searc
h
Prese
ntatio
n
Traini
ng
Purch
asing
Invo
icing
% o
f m
un
icip
ali
tie
s
Some use Much or very much use
Urban(3)
Rural(35)
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 19
Expected vs Actual use of applications- all municipalities
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
Presentation ofinformation
Purchasing Training Network meetings
% o
f m
un
icip
alit
ies
Expected in 2001 Actual use in 2002
70
5058
2935
0
100 100
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 20
Conclusion and implications• Communities in M&R are achieving access to
Broadband as planned 1,5 years earlier. But:– The adoption or use of broadband applications is
taking longer time than expected.– Many communities are using middle bandwidth access.
• It is a problem if their expectations of Broadband is too
general. <Broadband=High QoS> But, realized QoS is a gradient function of the bandwidth.
• Maybe they feel the applications are not ready yet. This could justify their decision to delay investments in even higher bandwidth access. (This is a chicken and egg problem.)
expected QoS of BB investment
real QoS based on investments
H
Ltime
NOKOBIT , Oslo, 24.-26. november 2003 21
Conclusion and implications• A purely demand driven model seems to be insufficient to
ensure broadband access in rural areas.– Market size is a big challenge in M&R for attracting broadband
providers. The population density in M&R is smaller than in even the most rural areas of Spain.
– National policies and support are needed in these areas. Investments in technology types in Spain seem to follow national policies (ADSL is easier).
– The relative density differences between urban and rural area in Spain is larger than in Norway. There should be a more equal distribution of investments between urban and rural areas in Norway.
• Other solutions may be needed to extend availability. – Aggregation of demand across telecom services (electricity +
internet).
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