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T H E D A N I E LTM
IDEAL FOR
■ CUSTODY TRANSFER
■ TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS
■ UNDERGROUND STORAGE SITES
■ LARGE INDUSTRIAL SUPPLIES
■ PIPELINE BALANCING
■ ALTERNATIVE CHECK METERING
■ NATURAL GAS POWER PLANTS
Meets AGA-9 Requirements
FEATURES & ADVANTAGESOF THE
DANIEL SENIORSONICGAS FLOW METER
Unsurpassed measurement accuracy
Field-proven reliability
Extensive diagnostic and alarm system
Unparalleled electronic interface
PC laptop interface
Modbus communications protocol
Precision machining for high dimensional accuracy
Intrinsically safe transducer design
Proven and simple path configuration
No line obstructions
Low power consumption
Sophisticated noise reduction
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The patented Daniel SeniorSonic Gas Flow Meter measures the
transit times of ultrasonic waves passing through the gas on four
parallel planes to accurately determine
the mean velocity of the gas flow
through the meter. The four planes
have been chosen to optimize the
accuracy of the measurement regard-
less of the flow profile.
The four measurement paths are
angled at 45˚ with respect to the pipe
axis. Each path has two ultrasonic
transducers acting alternately as trans-
mitter and receiver. This permits the
upstream and the downstream transit
times to be measured. The transducers
are mounted on the meter housing at
defined locations, and the distances x
and L are precisely determined during
meter fabrication. These dimensions,
along with a measurement of the elec-
tronic characteristics of each transduc-
er pair, characterize the ultrasonic flow
meter, which provides high accuracy
and repeatability without the need for
flow calibration!
The transit time for a signal travel-
ling with the flow is less than the
transit time when travelling against
the flow. The differences in these transit times are used to
calculate the flow’s mean velocity. Since the equations are
valid for gas flowing in either direction, the meter is inherently
bi-directional. The final equation contains only the physical
dimensions of the meter body and the transit times. The equa-
tion does not include the speed of sound in the flowing gas,
therefore, the measurement of gas speed is independent of the
factors which affect the speed of sound in the gas; i.e., tempera-
ture, pressure and composition.
In Daniel’s multipath design, four paths continuously monitor
four mean velocities at different elevations within the gas flow.
The result? Daniel delivers flow measurement accuracy
unmatched by single path meter
designs.
Single path meter designs are based
on the assumption that, in any fully
developed flow, the flow velocity pro-
file is symmetrical about the pipe axis.
However, velocity profiles are seldom,
if ever, symmetrical. They are affect-
ed by a broad array of pipe conditions,
including upstream pipe configura-
tions, pipe conditions and more, all of
which affect the symmetry of the actu-
al flow through the meter.
Through computer simulations of
various velocity profiles, Daniel has
determined that four paths provide the
optimum solution for measuring this
asymmetric flow. Adding more than
four paths contributes little to overall
meter accuracy. With fewer than four
paths, meter performance is signifi-
cantly degraded.
The flow rate is digitally assessed by
multiplying the measured average gas
velocity by the cross sectional area of
the meter. Therefore, the geometry of each meter body is criti-
cal. Daniel’s reputation for manufacturing excellence and
painstaking quality assurance procedures is well known. Each
meter body is subjected to rigorous testing and measurement
throughout the manufacturing process. A detailed metrology
report is produced listing the parameters used in each meter’s
flow computations.
The Daniel SeniorSonicTM Gas Flow MeterMultiple ultrasonic paths assure maximum measurement
accuracy and repeatability.
Four times better than single path meters.
Precision manufacturing
3
where:
t1 transit time from upstream transducer to downstream transducer
transit time from downstream transducer to upstream transducer
distance between upstream and downstream transducer
velocity of sound in the gas in still condition
velocity of the flowing gas
diameter of the meter bore
=
=
=
=
t2
L
C
VD
t1 =
L
C+V XL
t2 =
L
C-V XL
Q =
πD2
V
4
.
=
t1 t2. t1 t2
V =
L2
2x
t1 t2. t1 t2
THE MEASURING PRINCIPLE
FLOW
X
L➛➛
➛➛
➛➛
➛➛
➛➛
➛➛
=
=
=
πD2
4
L2
2x
X axial distance separating transducers
Measurement is independent of sound velocity,temperature, or gas conditions.
EXTRACTABLE TRANSDUCER
Extractable transducers are available onall meters, in all pressure ratings. Theextractable “T-Slot” design allows eachultrasonic transducer to be individuallyisolated and removed without interrupt-ing meter operations or gas flow!
Patented spoolpiece design incorporates ultrasonic measurement paths in four parallel
planes across the bore.
The plan view shows transducers are arranged toform an “X” for better performance under
“swirl” conditions.
In 1985, British Gas granted Daniel exclusive license to develop the
meter commercially. To date, hundreds of meters have been supplied
throughout the world. Daniel continues to work closely within both the
European and North American gas communities to further the develop-
ment of ultrasonic metering.
Today, Daniel’s continuing efforts to improve meter performance and
reliability have resulted in this totally digital version, expanding the
meter’s measurement capability while reducing the need for operator
adjustment.
Meter Configuration
A Daniel SeniorSonic Gas Flow Meter is comprised of the following:
Meter body
Eight intrinsically safe, piezo-electric transducers
Fully digitalelectronics unit
Today’s ultrasonic meter
has been engineered for
maximum application flexi-
bility and ease of ordering.
The meter also features an
improved electronics module
which is now mounted directly on to the
meter body and no longer requires “safe
area” installation. 110Vac, 250 Vac and
24Vdc power options are available.
The electronics module communicates
using industry standard ASCII or RTU
modbus protocol through an RS 485 seri-
al port. All components are either intrin-
sically safe or housed in an explosion-
proof enclosure. Meter operator commu-
nications are either via a flow computer
or other computer device. Temperature/
pressure transmitters may be attached to
the flow computer if required for stan-
dard volume unit corrections.
All meters may now also employ the Daniel Diagnostic and Frequency
Interface Card (DFI) for expanded diagnostic and I/O capability. Daniel’s
Service Department is also available to handle transducer
extraction / insertion, if required.
A high degree of noise immunity
One of the most significant developments in the Daniel
SeniorSonic Gas Flow Meter is the use of new digital tech-
niques to process the signals from the meter’s four pairs of
transducers.
Automatic gain-control circuitry compensates for the wide
variation in signal amplitude caused by flow conditions such as
pressure and flow rate.
After the signal has been digitized, special signal processing
techniques are applied to provide
accurate measurement of transit
times. A multitude of checks
are performed to verify signal
quality. Part of the simplified
system setup allows selec-
tion of the most suitable
signal-enhancement soft-
ware in the system for spe-
cific conditions. For
example, using digital
processing techniques, the
meter can be configured to handle
flow-generated noise in which amplitude
is comparable to the measurement signal.
The four-path method also provides
additional measurement reliability.
Should one path fail, the meter will con-
tinue measuring three paths and substi-
tute values for the failed path. An alarm
alerts you to the malfunction however,
and the meter remains accurate.
The history of the Daniel Four-Path SeniorSonic
Gas Flow Meter
The prototypes for Daniel’s Four-Path
SeniorSonic Gas Flow Meter were initial-
ly developed during nine years of
research and development by British Gas. Their goal was to
develop an accurate and reliable meter for custody transfer
applications which would not require flow calibration or pro-
duce a pressure drop.
Successful testing and evaluation were performed on meters
in the 100mm to 1050mm (4”to 42”) sizes in actual operational
sites.
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The electronics module is mounted directly on the meter bodyand no longer requires a separate “safe area”
mounting location.
The DFI Card is a new optional accessory to the SeniorSonic
Gas Flow Meter. This option allows the user two important
benefits not formerly available. The DFI Card provides addi-
tional volumetric flowrate output capability including four
frequency outputs (two forward and two reverse), a 4-20 mA
current output, and a contact direction indicator. In combina-
tion with the temperature and pressure input capabilities, the
card may be configured to output a volumetric flowrate to a
user-specified base temperature/pressure condition. The DFI
Card also expands the diagnostic capabilities of the Mark II
Electronics Module by providing both a validity contact clo-
sure and a dedicated diagnostic serial port.
Dedicated Diagnostic Serial Port
Dual Frequency Outputs
Temperature and Pressure Inputs
Discrete Direction Indicator
Analog Volumetric Flowrate Output
Data Quality Alarm
The additional dedicated diagnostic port allows the userto interface from a laptop computer directly or remotelyvia a modem to the SeniorSonic meter without interrupt-ing service from the on-line flow computer or withoutloss of measurement flow rates and totals.
The Diagnostic and Frequency Interface Card
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Laptop Computer
Calibration/ Data Collection &
Configuration
12" UFM10" UFM 8" UFM 6" UFM
TM
Flow Computer
RS-232/485 (Modbus)
Temperature
Pressure
Input Power
Frequency 1
Frequency 2
Flow Direction
Data Quality Alarm
Analog Out 1
RS-232/485 (Modbus)
Daniel Ultrasonic Interface Program
DFI
SeniorSonic Ultrasonic Flow Meter with Frequency Interface Digital Flow Measurement System for AGA-9 Compatibility
Outline and Dimensional Information
The following outline and dimensional information is suppliedto aid in the design of metering systems and are correct as ofthe printing date of this brochure. Designers are cautioned to
The Daniel “T-Slot” Extractable Transducer
The T-Slot trans-ducer is one compo-nent of an advancedisolation systemwhich provides aconvenient and safemethod for on-linetransducer extrac-tion. The electricalcomponents of thetransducer haveretained their intrin-sic safety propertiesand are even moreefficient than previ-ous versions of
Daniel transducers because of added acoustical isolation.Safety interlocks prevent the transducer port from being open-
ed prior to proper seating of the threaded transducer holder and
7
Mechanicalinterlockprevents cover-plate installa-tion untilpressure sealis in place andproperly seat-ed. Interlockmay then berotated to allowaccess to themounting bolts.
METER SIZE(inches)
FLANGEDIAMETER
(inches)
OVERALLEND-TO-END*
(inches)
APPROX.WEIGHT
(lbs.)68
10121620243036
29.50031.50034.00035.43047.25050.63058.62067.00073.500
400550800
1,0501,9003,1004,0005,0006,400
14.00016.50020.00022.00027.00032.00037.00044.50051.750
*Note: End-to-end dimensions are for ANSI #600 flanges. This dimension can be used to calculate ANSI #300 end-to-end dimensions by subtracting twice the difference in flange thicknesses.
all insertion and extraction movements are performed in a pres-sure balanced condition. The combination of all these featuresmake the T-Slot the most advanced and efficient ultrasonictransducer in the gas industry.
consult the latest Daniel engineering drawings prior to con-struction since these dimensions sometimes change.
The tables on this page can be used to determine the flow
range at reference conditions for meters of 6" to 24". Larger
sizes are available. All calculations are based on velocity
ranges from 1 ft./sec., 3 ft./sec., and the appropriate maxi-
mum recommended velocity. These recommended ranges
may be extended. Call to discuss a particular application.
Selection of Meter Size
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100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900100011001200
Pressure (psi) 6"
SeniorSonic Minimum FlowratesSCHEDULE 40, ANSI/ASME B36.10M
0.410.771.151.541.932.342.763.193.644.084.545.00
8"
0.701.341.992.663.344.054.795.526.307.077.868.66
10"
1.112.113.134.195.266.387.548.699.9311.1412.3813.65
12"
1.573.004.445.957.479.0610.7112.3414.1015.8117.5819.38
16"
2.48 4.74 7.02 9.4011.7914.3116.9119.4922.2624.9727.7530.60
24"
5.6510.7815.9621.3826.8232.5438.4744.3350.6356.8063.1369.61
20"
3.91 7.4511.0414.7818.5422.5026.6030.6535.0139.2843.6548.13
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900100011001200
Pressure (psi) 6"
SeniorSonic Extended Minimum FlowratesSCHEDULE 40, ANSI/ASME B36.10M
0.140.260.380.510.640.780.921.061.211.361.511.67
8"
0.230.450.660.891.111.351.601.842.102.362.622.89
10"
0.370.701.041.401.752.132.512.903.313.714.134.55
12"
0.521.001.481.982.493.023.574.114.705.275.866.46
16"
0.83 1.58 2.34 3.13 3.93 4.77 5.64 6.50 7.42 8.32 9.2510.20
24"
1.88 3.59 5.32 7.13 8.9410.8512.8214.7816.8818.9321.0423.20
20"
1.30 2.48 3.68 4.93 6.18 7.50 8.8710.2211.6713.0914.5516.04
Flowrates in MMSCFD at 3ft/sec, based onstandard compressibility at 70 degrees
100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 90010001100120013001400150016001700180019002000
Pressure (psi)6"/110 ft/s
SeniorSonic Maximum FlowratesSCHEDULE 40, ANSI/ASME B36.10M
14.77 28.03 41.68 55.68 70.07 84.84100.01115.60131.53147.84164.50181.50198.76216.24233.94251.73269.56287.41305.15322.75
8"/100 ft/s
23.26 44.13 65.61 87.67110.32133.56157.45181.99207.07232.75258.98285.75312.92340.44368.30396.31424.38452.49480.41508.12
10"/90 ft/s
32.97 62.57 93.03124.30156.41189.37223.24258.03293.59330.00367.18405.14443.66482.68522.18561.90601.69641.55681.13720.42
12"/90 ft/s
46.82 88.85 132.10 176.50 222.10 268.90 317.00 366.40 416.90 468.60 521.40 575.30 630.00 685.40 741.50 797.90 854.40 911.00 967.201023.00
16"/85 ft/s
69.82 132.50 197.00 263.21 331.21 401.00 472.74 546.40 621.71 698.81 777.55 857.93 939.511022.121105.781189.891274.151358.551442.361525.58
24"/75 ft/s
140.15 265.96 395.42 528.32 664.82 804.91 948.891096.761247.921402.681560.721722.061885.802051.632219.562388.382557.502726.932895.153062.18
20"/85 ft/s
109.80 208.36 309.78 413.90 520.84 630.59 743.38 859.23 977.651098.891222.711349.111477.391607.301738.861871.122003.622136.352268.142398.99
Meter Size (inches)/Velocity (feet per second)
Flowrates in MMSCFD at 1ft/sec, based onstandard compressibility at 70 degrees
Flowrates in MMSCFD at stated maximum velocity,based on standard compressibility at 70 degrees
The SeniorSonic meter is designed to operate with a velocity
range from a few feet per second to a maximum velocity
which depends on meter size. These charts translate the
appropriate maximum velocity for a given meter size into a
maximum flowrate, as a function of pressure. Thus, if the
flowrate and pressure of a potential measurement location
are known, it is very easy to determine if the maximum
velocity is exceeded. Simply locate the pressure and
flowrate coordinate on the chart and determine if that point
lies beneath the limit shown for the corresponding line size.
Sizing Charts for Daniel SeniorSonic Gas Flow Meter
MAXIMUM FLOWRATES Schedule 40, ANSI/ASME B36.10M
9
200
400
1000
Flow
rate
(MM
SCFD
)
0
800
600
1200
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
6"
8"
10"
12"
Pressure (psi)
500
1000
2500
Flow
rate
(MM
SCFD
)
0
2000
1500
3000
0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500
3500
16"
20"
24"
Pressure (psi)
The tables on this page can be used to determine the flow
range at reference conditions for meters of 150mm to
600mm. Larger sizes are available. All calculations are
based on velocity ranges from 0.4 mm/sec., 1mm/sec., and
the appropriate maximum recommended velocity. These rec-
ommended ranges may be extended. Contact Daniel to dis-
cuss a particular application.
Selection of Meter Size: Metric
10
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
Pressure (barg) 150mm
SeniorSonic Minimum Metric FlowratesSCHEDULE 40, ANSI/ASME B36.10M:, FLOWRATES IN THOUSANDS NCMH
0.741.452.212.983.754.645.476.397.358.26
200mm
1.29 2.51 3.82 5.17 6.50 8.04 9.4711.0612.7314.30
250mm
2.03 3.96 6.02 8.1410.2412.6714.9217.4320.0622.54
300mm
2.88 5.62 8.5511.5614.5417.9921.1824.7428.4731.99
400mm
4.55 8.8713.5018.2622.9528.4133.4539.0744.9650.52
600mm
10.35 20.18 30.71 41.53 52.21 64.62 76.09 88.87102.28114.91
500mm
7.1613.9521.2328.7136.1044.6852.6161.4570.7179.45
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
Pressure (barg) 150mm
SeniorSonic Extended Minimum Metric FlowratesSCHEDULE 40, ANSI/ASME B36.10M:, FLOWRATES IN THOUSANDS NCMH
0.300.580.881.191.501.862.192.552.943.30
200mm
0.521.001.532.072.603.223.794.425.095.72
250mm
0.811.582.413.264.105.075.976.978.029.01
300mm
1.15 2.25 3.42 4.62 5.81 7.20 8.47 9.9011.3912.80
400mm
1.82 3.55 5.40 7.30 9.1811.3613.3815.6317.9820.21
600mm
4.14 8.0712.2816.6120.8925.8530.4335.5540.9145.97
500mm
2.86 5.58 8.4911.4914.4417.8721.0424.5828.2931.78
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90100
Pressure (barg)150mm/35m/s
SeniorSonic Maximum Metric FlowratesSCHEDULE 40, ANSI/ASME B36.10M:, FLOWRATES IN THOUSANDS NCMH
26.04 50.75 77.25104.46131.33162.55191.38223.54257.25289.04
200mm/30m/s
38.66 75.34114.68155.08194.97241.31284.11331.86381.91429.10
250mm/27m/s
54.82106.84162.63219.91276.49342.20402.89470.61541.57608.50
300mm/27m/s
77.83151.67230.86312.18392.49485.77571.93668.06768.80863.81
400mm/25m/s
113.78 221.74 337.53 456.41 573.83 710.21 836.17 976.721,124.001,262.91
600mm/23m/s
238.13 464.07 706.39 955.181,200.931,486.351,749.962,044.102,352.332,643.04
500mm/25m/s
178.96 348.76 530.87 717.85 902.541,117.041,315.161,536.211,767.861,986.34
Meter Size (mm)/Velocity (meters per second)
Calculated at 0.4 m/s flow velocity
Calculated at 1 m/s flow velocity
Accuracy Limits
Typical meter baseline accuracy is within 0.5% of reference
without flow calibration. For higher accuracy, flow calibration
can be provided at an additional charge.
The measurement range and accuracy of any ultrasonic meter
are dependent on meter size and application, and should be dis-
cussed with Daniel prior to final selection. See Daniel Sales
Application Note, “Accuracy and Range of Daniel
SeniorSonic Gas Flow Meters” for additional information.
Electronic Unit Specifications
Input/Output:RS232/485 serial portsForward Frequency Output
(0-5000 hz)Reverse Frequency Output
(0-5000 hz)Analog Output - 4/20 mAData Quality Alarm - DigitalTemp. & Pressure Input - 4/20 mA
Electrical Power:AC Version:
115/230 Volts ±10%
47 to 63 HZ, 15 Watt max
DC Version:
20 to 28 Volts, 15 Watt max
Environmental:Operating Temperature:
-40˚F to 140˚F (-40˚C to 60˚C)
Operating Relative Humidity:
Up to 95% non-condensing
Storage Temperature:
-40˚F to 185˚F (-40˚C to 85˚C)
Installation
The meter requires only 10 diameters of straight matchingpipe upstream and 3 diameters downstream to achieve specifi-fied accuracy. When an application requires measurement ofbi-directional flow, 10 diameters of straight pipe must be pre-sent in each direction. As previously stated, gas temperatureand pressure should be measured when flow rates and volumethroughputs at reference conditions are required.
Consult Daniel Sales Application Note, “Installation of TheDaniel SeniorSonic Gas Flow Meter” for more information.
Meter Specifications
Application:Pipeline quality natural gas
Available Sizes:6" to 36" (150mm to 900mm)For larger sizes, up to 42”, consult Daniel
Gas Temperature Range:-4˚F to 140˚F (-20˚C to 60˚C up to120˚C - extended range)
Pressure Range:Designs up to ANSI #2500 available
Transducer Protection:IP Rating of the coupled connector is
IP65 to DIN 40050
Recommended Maximum Flow Velocity:
Minimum: 3 ft/sec (0.9 m/s)Extended: 1 ft/sec (0.3 m/s)
Repeatability:< = 0.2% of reading in specified velocity range
Safety Classification
UL listed for use in Class I, Groups C and D hazardouslocations in both the U.S. and Canada. Transducers are alsocertified Eex d ia IIA T4 to CENELEC standards EN50014,EN50018, and EN50020.
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METER SIZE(inches)
METER SIZE(mm)
MAX(ft/s)
METRIC MAX(m/s)
68
10121620243036
11010090908585757070
353027272525232121
150200250300400500600750900
Precise dimensional control is essentialfor accurate ultrasonic flow measurement.
Daniel’s manufacturing processes and qualityassurance procedures are your guarantee of
superior meter performance.
Daniel endorses its meters for fiscal measurement andensures the construction of its meters to the exacting
specifications defined by AGA Report No. 9 -
OPTION SELECTION FOR THE DANIEL SENIORSONIC GAS FLOW METER
ELECTRONICS:115/230 VAC/ 3/4" NPT115/230 VAC/ 20mm NPT24 VDC/ 3/4" NPT24 VDC/ 20mm NPT115/230 VAC/ 3/4" NPT24 VDC/ 3/4" NPT
EXAMPLE: 3400-1700-451-0-11375Denotes a 12” Daniel SeniorSonic Gas Flow Meter with raised face flanges, ANSI 600, 115 VAC input, with
T-Slot Extractable Transducers, WCC/WCC material, and with a bore of 11.375”.
ANSI CLASS:300600900
15002500
1
2
3
5
In addition to the manufacturing plants shown here in Falkirk, Scotland, (above) and Houston, Texas, Daniel also has plants,offices, and representatives around the world to serve customers in over fifty countries.
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--3400 -SIZE:
6”8”
10”12”16”20”24”30”36”42”
1
2
FLANGE TYPE:RAISED FACE (RF)RING TYPE (RTJ)
1
4
MATERIAL(Body/Flange):
WCC/WCCWCC A 105LCC/LCCLCC/LF2A 516/A 105LF2/LF2A 105/A 105
3
4
5
3
4
5
0 0 -
4
6
7
8
9
10
6
78
0
1
2
6
ACTUALMETER BORE:State Actual MeterBore In Inches
Daniel Industries is a wholly owned subsidiary of Emerson Electric Co., and part of the Fisher-Rosemount group.
Daniel Division Headquarters • Houston, Texas, USA • Telephone: (713) 467-6000 • Fax: (713) 827-3880Calgary, Alberta, Canada • Telephone: (403) 279-1879 • Fax: (403) 236-1337
Swinton Grange, England • Telephone: + 44 -1653-695551 • Fax: + 44 -1653-600425Singapore • Telephone: + 65-777-8211 • Fax: + 65-770-8031
O F F I C E S A N D R E P R E S E N T A T I V E S W O R L D W I D E
w w w . d a n i e l i n d . c o m
© 2000, Daniel Measurement and Control, Inc. DMC-1832-10M-4/00All specifications are subject to change without notice as part of a continuing program of product improvement.
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