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Gale Associates, Inc.E n g i n e e r s a n d P l a n n e r sGale Associates, Inc.E n g i n e e r s a n d P l a n n e r s
Commissioning the Building EnvelopeCommissioning the Building EnvelopePresented to: NEHES
Presented by: Edward J. Stewart, RRCejs@gainc.comwww.galeassociates.com
October 4, 2012
What is “Building Envelope Commissioning” ?What is “Building Envelope Commissioning” ?
Similar process as Traditional MEP-Based Cx
Review ability of design to
– control heat, air and vapor flow– control water penetration– control light & solar radiation
Monitor and inspect Test and verify
Air Leakage accounts for…Air Leakage accounts for…
40% of a building’s energy consumption (DOE)
43% of heat loss (NIST)
26% of cooling loss (NIST)
Building Envelope Commissioning is New and ComplexBuilding Envelope Commissioning is New and Complex
Formal guidelines being developed Similar process to HVAC commissioning but
much more complex– Nothing comparable to the test and balance,
and other functional tests routinely specified for HVAC
– HVAC can be tweaked when building is complete, not an option with the envelope
Benefits of Building Envelope CommissioningBenefits of Building Envelope Commissioning
Helps to avoid common problems in building construction:– Water intrusion– Indoor air quality issues– Mold growth– Air infiltration (energy loss and occupant
discomfort)– Improves balancing of HVAC equipment
Key Causes of Envelope FailuresKey Causes of Envelope Failures Reliance on a single water barrier (i.e. sealants) New untested building materials Complex geometries Repetitiveness of problem details Lack of technical understanding of moisture
intrusion mechanisms Lack of modeling / review / testing / startup No defined expectation of building’s performance
with regard to selecting materials and details Lack of coordinated details between construction
trades Workmanship
20th Century Building Envelopes20th Century Building Envelopes
Simple building materials
Limited layers
Trained workforce
Today’s Building EnvelopesToday’s Building Envelopes
Complex, new building materials
Multiple layers / configurations
Limited designer/contractor experience
Aspects of Building Envelope CommissioningAspects of Building Envelope Commissioning
Design phase
Pre-construction phase
Construction phase
Post-construction phase
Design PhaseDesign Phase
Design Phase ServicesDesign Phase Services Review prime architect’s conceptual plans and
identify design options for envelope systems
Meet with project team to review standardized approach to design development– Emphasize detailing, specifications, and
constructability
Peer review plans, details, and specifications at schematic and design development stages
Develop commissioning specifications, establish team, and identify responsibilities
Design RequirementsDesign Requirements Combination of building envelope components
are numerous
Building envelope must perform as a system with all joints, junctures, and penetrations detailed– Design specifications must be clear and
specific– All components must work in conjunction with
adjoining assemblies
Construction PhaseConstruction Phase
(Pre) Construction Phase Services(Pre) Construction Phase Services Review shop drawings and submittals related to
envelope systems
Conduct envelope coordination meetings prior to construction with team members
– Members include architect, owner, envelope consultant, CM/GC, and sub trades
– Review and coordinate shop drawing details at which various envelope components interface
– Conduct multiple shop drawing coordination meetings between various trades
– Establish a Quality Control Program
(Pre) Construction Phase Services(Pre) Construction Phase Services Review shop drawings and submittals related to
envelope systems
Conduct envelope coordination meetings prior to construction with team members
Oversee construction of mock-up and document test results, observations, and recommendations
(Pre) Construction Phase Services(Pre) Construction Phase Services Review shop drawings and submittals related to
envelope systems
Conduct envelope coordination meetings prior to construction with team members
Oversee construction of mock-up and document test results, observations, and recommendations
Review construction sequencing and scheduling
Shop Drawing ReviewShop Drawing Review
Curtain Wall Shop Drawing ReviewCurtain Wall Shop Drawing Review
Curtain Wall Shop Drawing ReviewCurtain Wall Shop Drawing Review
Curtain Wall Shop Drawing ReviewCurtain Wall Shop Drawing Review
Curtain Wall Shop Drawing ReviewCurtain Wall Shop Drawing Review
Curtain Wall Shop Drawing ReviewCurtain Wall Shop Drawing Review
Roofing Shop Drawing ReviewRoofing Shop Drawing Review
Roofing Shop Drawing ReviewRoofing Shop Drawing Review
Roofing Shop Drawing ReviewRoofing Shop Drawing Review
Roofing Shop Drawing ReviewRoofing Shop Drawing Review
Roofing Shop Drawing ReviewRoofing Shop Drawing Review
Mock-Up TestingMock-Up Testing To be built by on-site trades
Full-scale laboratory testing
To include as many typical details as possible
To be tested for compliance with established standards
Access for modifications to address potential problems
Troubleshoot potential problems
Establishes standard of care for trades
On-Site Mock-UpOn-Site Mock-Up
ASTM E 783 Standard Test Method for Field Management of Air Leakage through Exterior Windows and Doors
ASTM E 783 Standard Test Method for Field Management of Air Leakage through Exterior Windows and Doors
ASTM E 2099 Standard Practice for the Specification and Evaluation of Pre-Construction Laboratory Mock-Ups of Exterior Wall Systems
ASTM E 2099 Standard Practice for the Specification and Evaluation of Pre-Construction Laboratory Mock-Ups of Exterior Wall Systems
ASTM E 2099 Standard Practice for the Specification and Evaluation of Pre-Construction Laboratory Mock-Ups of Exterior Wall Systems
ASTM E 2099 Standard Practice for the Specification and Evaluation of Pre-Construction Laboratory Mock-Ups of Exterior Wall Systems
Construction Phase ServicesConstruction Phase Services
Finalize commissioning plan based on results of mock-up testing
Verify and document field QA/QC programs
Integration of RFIs and change orders to the Commissioning Plan
Provision and follow-up of ongoing deficiency lists
Construction MonitoringConstruction Monitoring Perform periodic on-site observations of
contractor’s work
Attend job-site meetings while critical enclosure components are being installed
Summarize observations, concerns, and recommendations in a written report
Witness and verify field tests and field data reports
Review unique interface conditions to verify that they meet the design intent
Confirm that defective conditions are rectified
Or maybe it doesn’t get built quite the way it’s drawn…Or maybe it doesn’t get built quite the way it’s drawn…
Quality Control TestingQuality Control Testing
Electric Field Vector MonitoringElectric Field Vector Monitoring
ASTM E 1186, Standard Practice for Air Leakage Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier SystemsASTM E 1186, Standard Practice for Air Leakage Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier Systems
ASTM D 4541 Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings – Portable Adhesion TestingASTM D 4541 Standard Test Method for Pull-Off Strength of Coatings – Portable Adhesion Testing
ASTM C 1193, Standard Guide for Use of Joint Sealants, Method A, Field Applied Sealant Joint Hand Pull Tab
ASTM C 1193, Standard Guide for Use of Joint Sealants, Method A, Field Applied Sealant Joint Hand Pull Tab
System Punch List InspectionsSystem Punch List Inspections
Acceptance PhaseAcceptance Phase
Testing– Smoke tests, tracer gas (qualitative)– Chamber tests (quantitative)– Spray nozzle, spray rack leak tests– Blower door tests– Infra-red (after encl. complete or with temp
heat) Review as-built drawings (building envelope) Final walk-through punchlist Final report
Post-Construction ServicesPost-Construction Services
ASTM C 1060-90, Standard Practice for Thermographic Inspection of Insulation Installations in Envelope Cavities of Frame Buildings
ASTM C 1060-90, Standard Practice for Thermographic Inspection of Insulation Installations in Envelope Cavities of Frame Buildings
ASTM C 1153, Standard Practice for Location of Wet Insulation in Roofing Using Infrared ImagingASTM C 1153, Standard Practice for Location of Wet Insulation in Roofing Using Infrared Imaging
ASTM E 1186, Standard Practices for Air Leakage Site Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier SystemsASTM E 1186, Standard Practices for Air Leakage Site Detection in Building Envelopes and Air Barrier Systems
ASTM E 779, Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan PressurizationASTM E 779, Standard Test Method for Determining Air Leakage Rate by Fan Pressurization
Building Envelope Design Peer Review/Construction Period Services Gateway Community College, New Haven, CT
Building Envelope Design Peer Review/Construction Period Services Gateway Community College, New Haven, CT
Building Envelope/Waterproofing DesignPeer Review Boston University Sports Center, Boston, MA
Building Envelope/Waterproofing DesignPeer Review Boston University Sports Center, Boston, MA
Garden Roof/Plaza Deck and Building Envelope Design Services/Peer ReviewHarvard University Graduate Student Housing, Allston, MA
Garden Roof/Plaza Deck and Building Envelope Design Services/Peer ReviewHarvard University Graduate Student Housing, Allston, MA
Building Enclosure Consultation/Peer Review and Construction Period ServicesThe Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA
Building Enclosure Consultation/Peer Review and Construction Period ServicesThe Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA
Exterior Building Envelope Commissioning ServicesNewton North High School, Newton, MAExterior Building Envelope Commissioning ServicesNewton North High School, Newton, MA
Building Envelope Peer Review, Air Barrier Testing and Construction Period ServicesWheelock College Campus Center and Student ResidenceBoston, MA
Building Envelope Peer Review, Air Barrier Testing and Construction Period ServicesWheelock College Campus Center and Student ResidenceBoston, MA
Bridgewater State University Boston University
– Agganis Sports Center – Life Science Building – Medical Center – Student Housing
Emmanuel College, Boston, MA Gateway Community College,
New Haven, CT Western CT State University,
Danbury, CT Harvard University
– Center for Government and International Studies
– Graduate Student Housing – CGIS Center – Laboratory for Interface
Science and Engineering Dartmouth College, Hanover, NH University of Vermont,
Burlington, VT Wheelock College, Boston, MA
MSBA – James M. Quinn Elementary School,
Dartmouth – Joseph W. Martin Jr.Elementary
School, North Attleboro – North and East Falmouth Elementary
Schools – Elementary Schools, Sandwich – Newton North High School – Norwood Senior High School – Upper Cape Cod Regional Technical
High School, Bourne – Oak Ridge and Forestdale
Baltimore Convention Center Hotel, Baltimore, MD
Institute of Contemporary Art, Boston, MA
Wheelock College
Boston University
Newton North H.S.Harvard University
Building Commissioning ProjectsBuilding Commissioning Projects
Federal ProjectsFederal Projects
Naval Station Newport
United States Coast Guard Academy – New London
Naval Submarine Base New London
Portsmouth Naval Shipyard
Cutler Naval Base
Current NAVFAC MIDLANT contract number:
N40085-11-D-7207
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