building information modeling & value to the aec industry part 2

Building Information Modeling & Value to the AEC Industry

Part 2Part 2

Stephen AUp

Oct.3, 2013

Lecture Class BRE398: Building Information Modeling

BRE398: Building Information Modeling

TopicsTopics

Construction Planning & the ChallengesVirtual Building Constructiong

3D Construction Process / Resources Simulation3D Method Statement and Interactive Training Manual3D Method Statement and Interactive Training Manual

BIM for Building Construction Safety3D S f C i Si Pl i3D Safety Construction Site Planning3D Interactive Safety Training3D Serious Game for Safety Promotion

Summary

Lecture Objectives and ResultsLecture Objectives and Results

ObjectivesThe challenges of Construction PlanningTo understand how BIM technology can improve the construction productivityThe value of using BIM for construction planning and implementation

QuestionWhat are the benefits and limitation in applying BIM What are the benefits and limitation in applying BIM technology to the industry?

TopicsTopics

Summary

Construction PlanningConstruction Planning

C fChoice of technology and Construction M th dMethodDefinition of work tasksEstimation of the required resources and d f d d l

Developing the BUDGET duration for individual work tasks

eve op g e U Gand the SCHEDULE for work

Major Tasks of Construction PlanningMajor Tasks of Construction Planning6

Ch ki f b ildi d iChecking of building designProduce construction designG ti f i d Generation of required activitiesAnalysis of the implications of Analysis of the implications of these activitiesChoice among the various galternative means of performing activities for the best of cost and scheduling best of cost and scheduling over time

Typical workflow of a construction project Project Start

Collect project information

Select suppliers &sub contractors

Site layout & masterprogram planninginformation sub-contractors program planning

Start site setting out

D t il d

A process loop for different phases of construction

Architects &Consulting Engineers

Production of shop drawings of architecture design, steel design, building services design, prefabricated element design, and schedule of rebar

Detailed program planning

Verify detailed program

Are all designs consistent?

Production of temporaryWorks design

Any error in program?

Start construction

Yes Yes

Main Contractor &Sub-Contractor

Start construction

Review program

Modify and verify programYes

Start production of temporary works

Project complete

Any error in program?Yes

BRE398: Building Information Management

Project complete

Challenges (1/3)8

Challenges (1/3)

Collaboration Collaboration & S h i ti& S h i ti& Synchronization & Synchronization

of of Works in Works in b tb tbetween between --

Stakeholders ?Stakeholders ?

Challenges (2/3)Challenges (2/3)

I f l it f b ildi d b ildi Increase of complexity of building and building technologyDispel of InformationDispel of Information

Process Planning and Management such as Microsoft ProjectCost calculation by ExcelyBuilding information by 2D drawing – AutoCAD or 3D BIMOthers in word form – Microsoft Office

RegulatorySafetyW ki hWorking hours

Green Issue

Challenges (3/3)Challenges (3/3)

Choice of Technology and What when and where to deploy Choice of Technology and Construction Method

Relative costsReliabilities

What, when and where to deploy resources?

Is the sequence of activities correct?Any crash between activities?

Availability of equipmentExperience and expertise of workersParticular underground condition at

yIs the resources use optimal?Is it the plan using the minimum time?

Construction Change Managementa site

Defining Work TasksScheduling of construction activities

Estimating the required resourcesPrecedence or required sequence among tasksIdentification of any interactions Identification of any interactions among the different work tasks

How Do We Plan Today?How Do We Plan Today?

Simultaneously of Simultaneously of iterations by iterations by iterations by iterations by experience, experience,

imagination and trial imagination and trial imagination and trial imagination and trial & error& error

List out the critical activitiesArrange sequence of activities

di t d d

In a 2D plane we plan layout of:Construction joints

according to dependencyAssume duration of activities based on experience or approximate data in past projects

PlantsMaterial loading and unloading areasTemporary storage areas

p p j Temporary storage areas

Limitations of Traditional Construction PlanningPlanning

No visualization of site environmentUnable to represent physical behavior of p p yconstruction activitiesNo constructability analysisNo constructability analysisDifficult to evaluate alternative construction

th d lmethodologyAs a result => errors in planning and lead to rework

BRE398: Building Information Modeling12

Project costs distributions under UK mode

12 to 22% rework incurred by design and construction errors

25% Overheads and

t tmanagement costsDirect costs (Materials,Labours, plant)

TopicsTopics

Summary

Virtual ConstructionVirtual Construction

( )Virtual construction (VP) is a Digital Mock-up in th t the computer concerned with the construction of digital construction of digital product models, resource models and resource models and realistic graphical simulations. Try before build

“Define, Plan, Validate, Monitor & Control the Ph i l ld i Vi l Di i l E i ”

VIRTUALT ibl A tN t ibl A t

PHYSICALPhysical world in a Virtual Digital Environment”

Tangible AssetsNon tangible Assets

Process and product knowledge

Constructiong

INTELLECTUAL PROPTERTYINTELLECTUAL PROPTERTY REAL OPERATIONSREAL OPERATIONS

Virtual ConstructionVirtual ConstructionDigital Design

Digital ConstructionDigital Factory

Construction Process Planning & Simulation

PlantDigital

Digital-PES• Construction Process level;

• Site Level process planning & simulation

Digital Planning

Digital PLM

AS – Constructed BIM ModelAS Constructed BIM Model

Construction StageDesign Stage Tender Stage Operation Stage

DesignerDesigner Main ContractorsMain Contractors Main Main ContractorContractor OwnerOwnerDesignerDesigner ContractorContractor OwnerOwner

SubSub--ContractorsContractors• As-design BIM Model• Tendering Document • As-construction BIM Model • As-built BIM Model

• Facility Management

BIM Consultant &BIM Consultant &

BIM Modeling BIM Modeling BIM Consultant &BIM Consultant &

BIM Modeling BIM Modeling BIM and BIM and VC VC Consultant &Consultant & Computer ServerComputer Server

TeamTeam TeamTeam BIM Modeling TeamBIM Modeling Team

Continuity from Design to ConstructionContinuity from Design to Construction

Virtual ConstructionConstruction

PPR in Virtual Construction Model

Excel / Microsoft Project(Planning Schedule)

BIM Model Resource Model (Database / Library)( g )

Construction Virtual PrototypingConstruction Virtual Prototyping

Functions of Virtual ConstructionFunctions of Virtual Construction

Construction Design and Checking

Resources and Process Allocation and Optimizationand Optimization

Process Simulation

Space Analysis

VCLogistic Flow Analysis

Safety & Risk management

VC3D Instructions

Ergonomics Study

Performance Evaluation

Virtual Construction – Simulation of Construction A i i i i 3D E iActivities in 3D Environment

C t ti ti iti Construction activities are represented by dynamic behaviours of 3D CAD models and are linked by a simulation engine3D CAD models, resources information and construction schedule are integrated in the simulationin the simulation

Typical workflow of a construction project Project Start

Collect project information

Select suppliers &sub-contractors

Site layout & masterprogram planninginformation sub contractors program planning

P d i f h d i f

Start site setting out

Detailed program

A process loop for different phases of construction

Architects &Consulting Engineers

Production of shop drawings of architecture design, steel design, building services design, prefabricated element design, and schedule of rebar

Detailed program planning

Verify detailed program

Production of temporaryWorks design

Any error in program?

Start construction

Yes Yes

Review program

Modify and verify programYes

Start production of temporary works

Project complete

Any error in program?Yes

23Project complete

Typical Virtual Construction Workflow

Import scheduleImport schedule

Create Work Breakdown Structure

Prepare product by transferring BIM

• Create/import resources • Plan site layout• Create/import resources • Plan site layout

Breakdown StructureBreakdown Structure

• Assign 3D data to process• Validate process in 3D• Assign 3D data to process• Validate process in 3D

• Generate reports• Update Project schedule• Generate reports• Update Project schedule

Add annotations and Work instructions

• Create simulation in 3D• Concrete process simulation• Crane simulation

• Human simulation• Ergonomic analysis• Human simulation• Ergonomic analysis

Work instructionsWork instructions

As – Constructed BIM Model Creation (1)As Constructed BIM Model Creation (1)

M d li th A D i BIM d l f th d i d i Modeling the As-Design BIM model from the design drawing or import direct from the As-Design BIM ModelDesign conflicts or errors correction by collision checking .

Cl h b d i Clashes between drainage pipe, pile, and BS components

As – Constructed BIM Model Creation (2)

The aim of Virtual Construction Model is to show and present the construction process.

The Virtual Construction Model should cut down the As-Design / Construction The Virtual Construction Model should cut down the As-Design / Construction BIM model to many assembly models for present the construction process.

Add the construction works resources such as formworks, temporary works etc.

BIM ModelVirtual Construction Model - Assembly Models

temporary works

Construction Activities Sequence Simulation

A th f ti itiArrange the sequence of activitiesSequence the construction process

Add the motions with time to the Add the motions with time to the device

Construction Design and CheckingConstruction Design and Checking

d f f blIdentification of table formwork design errors

Construction activities are simulated to check if Construction activities are simulated to check if there is physical conflicts or any safety barrier. R d k lik d i h d l Remedy work like redesign or reschedule can

then be done to prevent conflicts

Column to table form conflicts 2.aviColumn to table form conflicts 2.aviBRE398: Building Information Modeling

Column to table form conflicts 2.aviColumn to table form conflicts 2.avi

Work Trades Simulation with Time30

Work Trades Simulation with Time

Text Message aviText Message aviText Message.aviText Message.avi

TYPICAL FLOOR CONSTRUCTION CYCLE

Hi h i b ildi l b ilt i d l l t d High-rise buildings are commonly built in densely populated countries or urban areas. A balanced floor construction cycle is critical for construction of the frame structures. The objectives in scheduling the floor cycle are to ensure smooth flows of resources scheduling the floor cycle are to ensure smooth flows of resources and to optimise the use of formwork and other materials. The floor area is usually divided into zones to allow the labour force

d f w k t i l i b tw Th ti f and formwork materials moving between zones. The preparation of the floor construction cycle would therefore be a resources allocation exercise.H h i l d diffi l h i i d However, the process is complex and difficult when it is done manually. Floats are created deliberately in the schedule to ensure the balance in resources and to provide buffers. Simulation that can demonstrate the real world operations is an effective tool in demonstrate the real world operations is an effective tool in handling this scheduling problem.

Ref: Arthur W T Leung , C M Tam , Scheduling for high-rise building construction using simulation techniques

Space Analysis

All t Allocate resources on construction siteArrange storage sequence during processingSuggest the best gglocation and logistic path for resourcespath for resources

Space Analysis Report

Fixing Rebar aviFixing Rebar aviBRE398: Building Information Modeling

Fixing Rebar.aviFixing Rebar.avi

Simulation of the 6-day CycleSimulation of the 6 day CycleHong Kong Housing Authority Project

Simulation OutputSimulation Output

R l S l f Realistic Simulation for Process Validation

Interferences AnalysisInterferences AnalysisEarlier detection of design issues for constructionReduce errors in communication with sub-contractors

Identify the Critical PathIdentify the Critical PathResource Utilization ChartEfficiency Progress ReportEfficiency Progress ReportProgress Forecast Plan

Example: Fixing reinforcement

Logistic Flow AnalysisLogistic Flow Analysis

InputSite Plan

OutputArrange transportation flow

Transportation PathTraffic Report

Calculate traffic flow capacityp

Components fabrication Data

Work out logistic SequenceOptimize the best logistic l

Master Planning (Grant Chart)

plan Logistic Flow ReportMaterials Transportation )

Contractor Working Schedule

Materials Transportation Report

Logistic Flow Analysis SimulationLogistic Flow Analysis Simulation

Façade.avi

Logistic Safety CheckLogistic Safety Check

Shartin Railway Station Construction Project

TS3.aviTS3.aviBRE398: Building Information Modeling

TS3.aviTS3.avi

Foundation Construction PlanningFoundation Construction Planning

Outrigger Installation ProcedureOutrigger Installation Procedure

Outrigger installation.aviOutrigger installation.avi

Outrigger Installation (inside)(Reality vs VC)

DAY 1 DAY 2DAY 1 DAY 2

DAY 5 DAY 6DAY 5 DAY 6

Modify Process.aviModify Process.avi

BRE398: Building Information ModelingMTECH Confidential– 2005 Page

Flow.aviFlow.aviBRE398: Building Information ModelingMTECH Confidential– 2005 Page

3D Interactive Method Statement

BRE398: Building Information Modelling

Method StatementMethod Statement

A th d t t t i itt d t th t A method statement is a written document that essentially details a safe system of work and identifies the conceivable hazards that may arise during the work y gthat is undertaken. Method statements are usually provided to the client by the principal contractor and/or to the principal contractor by the suband/or to the principal contractor by the sub-contractor(s). The Method statement should explain in detail the work The Method statement should explain in detail the work that is to be undertaken and the necessary remedial measures that need to be in place in order to protect the site workforce and in some cases members of the the site workforce and in some cases members of the pubic who may be affected by work actions.

Content of Method StatementContent of Method Statement

1 Basic Contract/Job Information1. Basic Contract/Job Information2. Contract/Job Details3. Method of Work

A description of how the works are to be carried out in relation to the task and site-specific hazardsA schedule of the works and a sequence of the operations/tasks Details of where the work is to take place and whether this designated area requires Details of where the work is to take place and whether this designated area requires segregation Where applicable the inclusion of details regarding other subcontractors who may affect your works or details of how you will affect the works of other subcontractors For high risk works provide a detailed description of intended emergency proceduresFor high risk works provide a detailed description of intended emergency procedures

4. Risk and SHE Assessments5. Plant/Equipment 6 Operative Competence 6. Operative Competence 7. Drawings/Sketches8. Monitoring and Review

Industry DifficultiesIndustry DifficultiesDifficulties & Pressures

M h d d ki h d l ll i i i Method statement and working schedule normally in writing and difficult to validate

Users demand better quality presentationq y p

Complicated equipment installation and commissioning manual lead to long training time

Safety issues demands for training repeatedly

Lack of experience workers

IETMIETM

IETM Interactive Electronic Technical Manual

First being used in defense Industry for air force and navyFor weapon operation, repair and maintenanceAdvantages:

MobilityEasy for searchEasy of use

3D Method Statement 3D Method Statement

D t il d W k Act as a planning tool for

Input OutputDetailed Worker Operations Components Installation

Act as a planning tool for work sequenceEasy understanding on each

Components Installation PlanSafety Rule Guide

steps Clearly assign the resources in construction sitey

Provide an instruction to guide the work progress

3D Instruction VideoContactor Working Schedule

3D Instruction Video3D Interactive Instruction Manual

3D Method Statement Creation3D Method Statement Creation

Existing TextBIMData

Design/Construction

Authoring

Project

Text / 2DAuthoring

Edit Document

Authoring Project

Create 3D StepAnimationsPublish Animations

2D Paper / E-Paper

Publish

3D Interactive

End-User/Consumer

Review / Update

Create Interactive 3D Method Statement

E t l b d 3D Easy-to-use language-based 3D animation

Uses simplified technical English commandsQuickly generate working instructions

Built-in BOP text editorAutomatic text generation from animationsS h i i i i h Synchronise animations with text

Map parts data from CAD/BOM metadata

Link 3D parts to textLink 3D parts to textList parts for each assembly step

Configurable style sheet-based publishingp g

HTML web appiPad app2D/3D PDF

3D Pre-Cast Water Tank Method Statement

Summary of BenefitsSummary of Benefits

l lVisualization supports construction planning, management and communication;

l d f f k dEarly identification of error in temporary work design, precast component design and construction sequence;

bl b l lEnable constructability analysis, time-cost optimization and resources leveling;

fl l b dBring on site floor cycle testing to computer-based testing => reduce construction time and reworks.

Benefits of Virtual Construction54

Benefits of Virtual Construction

Improve decision-makingpromptness

Improve communicationefficiency

Reduce claim or dispute

Improve clientsatisfaction

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

Reduce reworks

Instruct fieldwork

Reduce cost

Reduce time

0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4

Paradigm Transformation (4)Paradigm Transformation (4)

NTraditionalNo continuity

NewExtended to As-built BIM

No customer experience feedback

model for facility managementp

Separated domain for Sales & Marketing

Customer experience form a close loop for ALMg

Build for operation is not fully considered

Integrated Sales & Marketing to optimize the ysales revenueMinimum the operation cost

TopicsTopics

Summary

Virtual Design & Construction and Operations & M i t Pl i Maintenance Planning

O t Pl i C t ti Pl iHSE Outage Planning Construction Planning

Human simulations -i f h

Feasibility studies for t l t d

Construction Sequencing & Activity

Operations & M i Pl ireview of human

specific aspects such as vision, display and motionRadiation Dosage

calculation

remotely operated devices

Sequencing & Activity Planning

Maintenance Planning

Equipment placementEquipment placement and removal

Safety Planningcalculation (ALARA tables)

Material handling and flow to the site and storage

Spending curve analysis on material and resources

Integrate 3D plant data and asset information from various CAD t d d d t

Schedule integration – Primavera, MS Project

systems and scanned data

Accident PreventionAccident Prevention

Accident prevention is not about achieving ZERO risk, but rather about achieving ZERO accidents.This is achieved by ensuring safety operations

are designed appropriately, are designed appropriately, Instruction is provided and finally that people are motivated to act in a safe and finally that people are motivated to act in a safe manner.

Safety Barriers And Risk Observations

Spiral Building Development for SHEp g pOperate It with Safety & Efficiency

Decommission It for Environment

67 Distribute It

to consumers8

Build It On Time & Budget5 g

Pl it f

Plan it for Consumer1

Specify It for Safety

Test It for Safety

Design It forCompliancy3 2

Design for Operation Safety and Health

Process Map For Construction Safety Planning And Operation

Safety & Risk ManagementSafety & Risk Management

InputConstruction site

OutputIdentify the dangerous

Detailed Worker Operations C I ll i

de y e da ge ous zone with annotationProtective arrangement Components Installation

PlanSafety Rule Guide

Protective arrangement for high risk workS f Safety Rule Guide

Safety construction method statement)

Contactor Working Schedule

Traditional Way vs. Virtual WayTraditional Way vs. Virtual WayBEFORE Virtual

• 2D drawing, text, photo and video• Only Safety Manager has OSH knowledge• OSH are difficult to be predicted into design

and operation

• 3D intelligent model• 3D Model maintained “ Life-Like experience”• Collaboration is active during design &

construction• OSH data & engineering data are segmented• Push based training

• Validate OSH procedure virtually and interactively

• Interactive training and learning• 3D intelligent model captures operation

f dperformance data

Working Environment InvestigationWorking Environment InvestigationThe surroundings that are being travelled or worked in

The surface that is being travelled on or being worked on

Surroundings of a particularly dangerous nature

What is being worked on or with

Ergonomics StudyErgonomics StudyEvaluate ergonomics for human activities to ensure worker safety

Solution Features & BenefitsSolution Features & Benefits

Simulate workers to predict human and comfort• Ergonomic design and improvement of

manual or semi-automated workplaces

performance

Simulate and choreograph multiple workers working in tandem

manual or semi automated workplaces• Maximize operator comfort and safety Evaluate manning level alternatives

Optimize Tasks performance

Detailed ergonomic analysis including RULA

Library of worker functions and actions for C dConstruction industry

Optimize work center design

A l h i t ti ith d i b t Analyze human interaction with devices, robots and processes

Analyze human interaction using vision

Use simulations as a learning environment for workers

Ergonomics & Space StudyErgonomics & Space Study

D t il d W k

Output

Pro ide a correct post re Detailed Worker Operations Components Installation

Provide a correct posture guideline for worker’s operationId if hi h i k i Components Installation

Identify high risky zone in construction siteIndicate Ergonomic installation y

practice Safety ReportHealth and Safety Operations

Contactor Working Schedule

y pGuideDangerous Operations Report

Working Space Analysis for Worker Working Space Analysis for Worker Safety & Health Conditions

BRE398: Building Information Modeling2nd International Conference on Workplace Safety & Health for the Construction Industry

Embedded Safety Procedures in the Embedded Safety Procedures in the Pre-Cast Construction Planning

Human simulation aviHuman simulation aviBRE398: Building Information Modeling3D & BIM Technology for Construction Safety

Human_simulation.aviHuman_simulation.avi

Ergonomics SimulationErgonomics SimulationWork Crew Simulation, Planning, g

Resource Optimization, Safety & Training

Ergonomics study.aviErgonomics study.aviOptimize the Construction sequence by simulating key human tasks

Improve work center design and maximize worker safety and comfort

Use simulations as a learning environment for crew training and safety

Value of 3D SimulationValue of 3D Simulation

Enable Design for SafetyWhat shall be observed, which concerns observation of safety barriersHow shall the observed safety barriers be quality assessedWhat types of action shall be taken based upon observations and the evaluation

BRE398: Building Information Modeling3D & BIM Technology for Construction Safety

3D Interactive Safety Training

Occupation Health & Safety Excellence

Combined product documentation bundle Combined product-documentation bundle

with new levels of 3D interactivenessf k l d t f

Health working

Working with FUN

for knowledge transfer.

Working procedure

Hazard handling

gbehavior

Equipment user manual

procedure

manual

Safety Instruction & TrainingSafety Instruction & Training

Expectation, understanding and motivation are based on what the individual perceives as being important. It is therefore appropriate to influence the pp pindividual's expectations and acknowledgement of risks and safety barriers through instruction, training risks and safety barriers through instruction, training and communication of goals and consequences.

Key QuestionKey Question

Every training document / media / instruction has information that can contribute to the education of safety. You need to ask yourself:

‘H h ‘H h Psychological

‘How can the ‘How can the workers get that workers get that ce

Ratioworkers get that workers get that information out information out

there?’there?’ Sensing Benefits

EBRE398: Building Information Modeling

Benefits

Safety & Risk EvaluationSafety & Risk Evaluation

D t il d W k Id tif th d

Input OutputDetailed Worker Operations Components Installation

Identify the dangerous zone with annotationSuitable arrangement for Components Installation

ghigh risk work during constructionEnhance constr ction y

Enhance construction safety concept

Safety ReportContactor Working Schedule

Health and Safety Installation Guide

3D Safety Operation Instructions3D Safety Operation Instructions

EDF.wmvEDF.wmv

Interactive 3D Maintenance ManualInteractive 3D Maintenance Manual

E t l b d 3D Easy-to-use language-based 3D animation

Uses simplified technical English commandsQuickly generate working instructions

Built-in BOP text editorAutomatic text generation from animationsS h i i i i h Synchronise animations with text

Map parts data from CAD/BOM metadata

Link 3D parts to textLink 3D parts to textList parts for each assembly step

Configurable style sheet-based publishingp g

HTML web appiPad app2D/3D PDF

3D Interactive Crane Disassembly Training Manual

R i ti d & Reuse existing procedures & animations

T&C Manuals & O&M Instructions

Training scenarios wizardIdentify PartsMultiple choice questionsProcedure branching

Demo, Study and Exam modesDemo for procedure reviewpStudy for assisted progressExam for scored with no assistance

Configurable style sheet-based publishing

HTML web app

3D Pre-Cast Water Tank Method Statement

Project: Hung Shu Kiu, Yuen LongDeveloper: Hong Kong Housing Authorityg yMain Contractor: HsinCheong ConstructionCheong Construction

BRE398: Building Information Modeling3D & BIM Technology for Construction Safety

3D Serious Game for Safety Promotion

Serious Game – Working at HeightSerious Game Working at Height

S i i d i d Serious game is designed with the intention of i i h improving the awareness of construction safety.

Serious Game for Safety MeasureSerious Game for Safety Measure

TopicsTopics

Summary

Summary of VCSummary of VC86

Use the most suitable construction methodEnhance safety protection Use Minimal TimePerform optimal resourcesSave moneySave moneyMake construction more environmental friendlyfriendlyTry it before Build

BIM Uses throughout a Building Lifecycle

Ref: Messner, 2009

Value Propositions of BIM ModelsValue Propositions of BIM Models

Questions & Answers

stephenau@mtech.com.hk

ReferencesReferences

building information modeling & value to the aec industry part 2

Technology

i bwdb@gmail.com fÈ)/ q8 officeo the ...€¦ · aec-1466,...

modeling innovation value chain

value of modeling - ea global summit

aec - rectifiers

social roi and value modeling

juki £j]shveiprom.com/cats/schmetz/juki-kansai.pdf · juki...

building interactive modeling for construction … ·...

aec recommendation

minimal modeling approaches to value of information

aec worldwide group presentation, including aec...

business value modeling: guiding key project decisions

2008 building information modeling aec statewide bim ... ·...

modeling business strategy: a consumer value perspective

vbp financial modeling - tnpcaeducation.org · value...

aec 1481 - understanding the business value of ibm...

realizing the value of process modeling and automation...

building information modeling & value to the aec industry ...

modeling innovation value chain - gatech.edu

buildinginformationmodeling i computeraideddrafting i...

aec scorecard