building services electrical (mep)

Building Services Engineering

by Manoj Mawle

Building Services

Its a need for any structure to keep healthy environment effect on inside and outside of structure.

Building services engineers are responsible for the design, installation, operation and monitoring of the mechanical, electrical and public health systems required for the safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly operation of modern buildings.

Type of Structures

• Residential (Township)• Commercial• Hotel• Hospital• Airport, Railways• Mixed Development• Arenas• Malls• School, Colleges & Universities

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Necessity of Building Services

Can you imagine a building without MEP services?

Mechanical

Electrical

Public Health Services

Project Procedure

• Understanding Project Requirement• Conceptual planning, Designing• Project Planning• Budgeting, Costing & Estimation• Contracts• Project Execution• Testing & Commissioning• Billing• Project Closure

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Specifications & Regulations

• National Building Code (NBC-India)

• Development Controlled Regulations (DCR-Mumbai)

• IS Code

• British Standard

• National Fire Protection Association(NFPA-70) or National Electrical Code(NEC)-USA

• National Electrical Manufacturing Association (NEMA-USA)

• Central Power Research Institute (CPRI-Bangalore)

• Electrical Research and Development Association (ERDA-Vadodara)

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• Power Sub Station

• HT Panel

• LT Panel, MDB, DB(PDB/LDB)

• Power & Control Cabling

• Small Power

• Emergency Power Supply-DG/UPS

• Lighting system

• Earthing System

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Extra Low Voltage Services

• CCTV

• Telephone

• Fire Alarm System

• Public Address System

• Access Control System

• Lighting Control System

• Server & Data System

Type of Drawings

• Single line diagram(SLD)

• Schematics

• Wiring diagram

• Control layout

• Section Drawing

• Co-ordination layout

Power Sub Station

• Load Calculations

• Transformer Type-Dry/Oil

• HT/LT panels

• Cable Sizing

• MSEB Norms

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Load

Voltage Level Rural Municipal

240/415V up to 100 KVA up to 187 KVA

11/22KV 100-1500 KVA 187-1500 KVA

22KV 1500-3000 KVA 1500-3000 KVA

33KV 1500-5000 KVA 1500-5000 KVA

132/220KV 5000+ KVA 5000+ KVA

Load CalculationsELECTRICAL LOAD CALCULATIONS (A Type 2BHK UNIT)

Unit load of a flat

Type of load Per flat Qty UoM KW/Unit UnitTotal

Connected Load

UnitDiversity

factorMaximum Demand

Unit

Lights 9 Nos 0.06 KW 0.54 KW 66% 0.36 KW

Ceiling / Exhaust Fans 4 Nos 0.08 KW 0.32 KW 66% 0.21 KW

5 amp Sockets 6 Nos 0.1 KW 0.6 KW 50% 0.30 KW

15 amp for Refrigerator 1 Nos 0.425 KW 0.425 KW 66% 0.28 KW

6A Mixer/Iron etc 3 Nos 1 KW 3 KW 50% 1.50 KW

Air conditioner 0 Nos 2 KW 0 KW 50% 0.00 KW

Geysers 1 Nos 2 KW 2 KW 50% 1.00 KW

3.65 KW

Say 4.00 KW

Unit load of a Block

Number of units 60 units

Unit load 4.00 KW

Total Load 240 KW

Common Loads

Elevators 2 nos 7 KW 14 KW

Common Lighting 1 KW

Total Load of building 255 KW

Considering Group Diversity factor

70% 179 KW

Considering Power factor

0.85 210 KVA

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Power Flow Diagram

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HT Panel

Distribution Xmer SMDB

MDBLT Panel/DG Panel

PDB LDB

DG Set

TransformerSelection of Transformer

• Total Load

• Dry or liquid(oil) filled

• Indoor/Outdoor

• Star/Delta Type( Vector Group)

• Impedance/PF/Efficiency/Voltage Level

• Mounting-Pole/Base

Transformer CalculationsTransformer sizing

Total Connected load = 185.85 kW

Max. demand = 185.85 x 0.9(load factor)

= 167.27

Transformer Cap. = 167.27/(pf x eff )

=167.27/(0.85x0.85)

=231.51 kVA

Considering 85% loading of Xmer = 231.51/0.8

=271.36 kVA

Nearest available higher capacity 315 kVA

Diesel Generator(DG Set)

A. Categorize into

1. Continues load

2. Non continues load

3. Intermediate load

B. Selection Consideration

Diesel Generator

• Selection Consideration

• Capacity Combination

• Load pattern & DG set capacity-Overlaod

a) 10% overload for 1hour of every 12 hours

b) 50% overload for 15 seconds.

Technical Comparison for DG set

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Wires

• Wire-It’s a single conductor, could be stranded but not insulated between conductor

• Wire Types- Single, Stranded, Braided

• Wires insulation FR (Fire Retardant)

FR-LSH ( Fire Resistant Low Smoke)

FRZH (Fire Retardant Zero Halogen)

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Cable

• Cable- insulated conductor, could be single, multiple conductor

• Types- Power Cable- PVC/XLPE-Armoured/Unarmoured

• Twisted Pair Cable-Telephone/Network

• Two pair/Multi pair-

• Fiber optics- Data/Communication

• RG cable-for CCTV

• Co-axial Cable- TV

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Lighting

• Type of lighting

• Illumination

• Lux Level

• Types of Light fixtures

• Lighting Control

• Emergency Lighting

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Type of lighting

• Natural light

• Indoor Lighting

• Outdoor lighting

• Task Lighting

• Façade lighting

• Direct/Indirect Lighting

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Illumination

• Illuminance is a measure of how much luminous flux is spread over a given area. One can think of luminous flux (measured in lumens) as a measure of the total "amount" of visible light present, and the illuminance as a measure of the intensity of illumination on a surface

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Lux Level

• The lux (symbol: lx) is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance, measuring luminous flux per unit area. It is equal to one lumen per square metre.

• Lux Level

Moonless Sky/Dark overcast night- 0.001 Lux

Moonless clear night sky – 0.002 Lux

Full moon – 0.27-1 Lux

Street Light – 39 Lux (Avg)

Living room – 250 Lux

Office – 350-400 Lux

Day light/Sun light – 10000-25000 Lux

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Light Fixture

• Luminaire = Lighting fixture– Lamps

– Lamp sockets

– Ballasts

– Reflective material

– Lenses, refractors, louvers

– Housing

• Mounting- Ceiling, Recessed, Surface, Flush, Concealed

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Fixture Types

• Incandescent

• Fluorescent

• CFL(Compact Fluorescent Light)

• Light Emitting Diode

• High Intensity Discharge

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Types of Lighting Controls

– Occupancy Sensors

– Bi-level Switching

– Time Clock

– Photo Sensors

– Dimmers

– Lighting Control Systems

– Building Management Systems

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Color Temperature (K˚)

• A measure of the “warmth” or “coolness” of a light source.

– ≤ 3200K = “warm” or red side of spectrum

– ≥ 4000K = “cool” or blue side of spectrum

– 3500K = “neutral”

– 5000K = “Daylight”

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Thank YouManoj Mawle

manojmawle@gmail.com

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