c13 u6 project perfect modals meaning and form

PERFECT MODALS:MEANING AND FORM

PERFECT MODALS: MEANING AND FORM

Let’s remember something first…

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

Perfect Tense Auxiliary

HAVE(haber)

Verb in Past Participle

Study (base form)

Studied(in Past Participle)

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

I HAVE STUDIED FOR 3 YEARS.

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

Yo HE ESTUDIADO por 3 años

Now, let’s see the same structure but with the Modal

Verb (should, could, may, might, must)…

Modal verbs in perfect form = Perfect Modals

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

First, let’s concentrate on the grammar structure (the form)

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

Colombia should have won the Copa America of soccer 2011

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

Modal Verbs

HAVE(haber)

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

Modal Verbs

HAVE(haber)

Verb in Past

Participle

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

Modal Verbs

HAVE(haber)

Verb in Past

Participle

This sentence is affirmative!

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

Modal Verbs

HAVE(haber)

Verb in Past

Participle

This sentence is affirmative!

Shouldn’t = negative

Should Colombia have won…? = Interrogative

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

Now, let’s concentrate on the meaning

(debería) (haber) (ganado)

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

(debería) (haber) (ganado) (but unfortunately, it didn’t)

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

We use should + have + verb in past participle to express regrets about past actions.

(but unfortunately, it didn’t)

Modal Verbs

ShouldCouldMay

MightMust

HAVE(haber)

Study (base form)

We use should + have + verb in past participle to express regrets about past actions.(Usamos should + have + verb in past participle para expresar “pesar” o “lamentar” acciones pasadas)

(but unfortunately, it didn’t)

Depending on the modal verb we use, the meaining of the sentence is different…

(Dependiendo del Modal Verb que usemos, el significado de la oración es diferente)

If I use the modal verb…

… it will mean…

SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE

… it will mean…

SHOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLERegrets about past actions

(Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones pasadas)

… it will mean…

I failed the test!! I should have studied more...

…but unfortunately, I didn’t.

… it will mean…

I failed the test!! I should have studied more...(Perdí el test!! Debí haber estudiado mas)

…but unfortunately, I didn’t.

… it will mean…

Regrets about past actions(Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones

pasadas)

My car broke down!! I shouldn’t have bought it...

…but unfortunately, I did.

… it will mean…

Regrets about past actions(Lamentarse o arrepentimiento por acciones

pasadas)

My car broke down!! I shouldn’t have bought it...(Mi carró se varó!! No Debí haberlo compardo)

…but unfortunately, I did.

… it will mean…If I use the modal verb…

WOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLECOULD+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE

MAY+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLEMIGHT+HAVE+PAST PARTICIPLE

Speculate about the past(Especular sobre el pasado)

I should have bought that house. I would have been happy there.

(Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí)

(Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí) I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened.(No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación

de lo que hubiera pasado)

(Debí haber comprado esa casa. hubiera sido feliz allí)

NOTE!!!: Normally WOULD HAVE translates “HUBIERA” in Spanish.

I don’t know it for certain. It is a speculation of what would have happened.(No lo se a ciencia cierta. Es una especulación

This computer is terrible!! I could have bought a different computer.

(Este computador es terrible! Pude/podría haber comprado un computador diferente)

Our cousin Jake is sick. He may have eaten rotten food.

Our cousin Jake is sick. He may have eaten rotten food.(Nuesetro primo Jake esta enfermo. Él pudo haber comido comida podrida)

MUST + HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Draw conclusions about the past

(Sacar conclusiones sobre el pasado)

David has a nice car. It must have cost a lot of money.

Probably. But, I don’t know for sure. It’s a conclusion a draw.

(Probablemente. Pero no lo se. Es una conclusión que saco)

David has a nice car. It must have cost a lot of money.(David tiene un lindo carro. Debe haber costado mucho dinero)

Carl failed the test. He must not have studied enough.(Carl perdió el test. Él no debió haber estudiado suficiente)

Let’s summarize….

A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect form

Modal Verbs are:ShouldWouldCouldMay

MightMust

Perfect Tenses uses “HAVE” + Verb in

Past Participle

MightMust

Past Participle

Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle

MightMust

Past Participle

Perfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past ParticipleShouldWouldCouldMay

MightMust

Past Participle

MightMust

“HAVE”(Haber:Yo he…

Tu has…Él ha..Etc…)

MightMust

Past Participle

MightMust

“HAVE”(Haber:Yo he…

Tu has…Él ha..Etc…)

Verb Past ParticipleEat EatenGo Gone

Come ComeWrite WrittenStudy Studied

Perfect Modals in Affirmative

I should have gone to the movies

Perfect Modals in NegativeI should have gone to the movies

I shouldn’t have gone to the movies

Perfect Modals in Negative

Perfect Modals in Interrogative

I should have gone to the movies

I shouldn’t have gone to the movies

Should I have gone to the movies?

Let’s summarize….A Perfect Modal is a Modal verb in perfect

formPerfect Modal = Modal Verb + “HAVE” + Verb in Past Participle

Depending on the Perfect Modal we use the meaning is different

(Dependiendo del Perfect Modal que usemos, el significado es distinto)

If you want to express REGRETS ABOUT PAST ACTIONS, use the Perfect Modal

SHOULD HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect ModalsWOULDCOULD

MAYMIGHT

HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect ModalMUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect ModalsWOULDCOULD

MAYMIGHT

HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

I have eaten burritos, lechona and tamales..

…now, I have a terrible

stomachache…

I shouldn’t have eaten so much food!

stomachache…

I shouldn’t have eaten so much food!

I regreat having eaten so much food! Bu unfortunately, I did.(Me arrepiento haber comido tanta comida! Pero desafortunadamente,

lo hice.)

If you want to SPECULATE ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modals

WOULD – COULD – MAY – MIGHT

My job is so boring, and I don’t make much money…

…I should have studied medicine…

I regreat not having studied medicine! But unfortunately, I didn’t.(Me arrepiento haber estudiado medicina Pero desafortunadamente, no lo hice.)

… I would/could/may/might have been so happy and rich!

I think (speculate) that if I had studied medicine, I would have been rich and happy(Creo (especulo) que si yo hubiera estudiado medicina, hubiera sido rico y feliz)

If you want to DRAW CONCLUSIONS ABOUT THE PAST, use the Perfect Modal

MUST HAVE + PAST PARTICIPLE

Why is Mark sleeping here? It’s working

He mustn’t have had enough time to sleep

He must have gone party last night!.

He must have gone party last night!.The fact

(El hecho)

These are the conclusions drawn from the fact(Estas son las conclusiones sacadas del hecho)

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