calcium cycling in cardiac cells lin guo-hua. cardiac e-c coupling

Calcium Cycling in Cardiac Cells

Lin Guo-hua

Cardiac E-C coupling

Slow or L-type Ca2+ Channels (DHPRs)

L-type Ca2+ Channels

Ca2+ Release Channel of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum (Ryanodine Receptor)

cardiac ryanodin receptor

Physiological and pathophysiological regulation

Ca2+ Pump of the Sarcoplasmic Reticulum

(SERCA)

SERCA

SERCA-PLN complex

Phospholamban (PLN)

&Sarcolipin

(SLN)

The Ca2+ Pump of the PlasmaMembrane (PMCA)

Sodium/Calcium Exchanger (NCX)

Troponin C (TnC)

Calmodulin (CaM)

Calmodulin (CaM) &

Calmodulin Kinase II (CaMKII)

Calmodulin Kinase II (CaMKII)

Regulation of Ca Transporters by CaM and CaMKII

frequency-dependent acceleration of relaxation (FDAR)

Calsequestrin (CSQ)

Organization of EC coupling elements

Integrative Analysis of Calcium Cycling in Cardiac Muscle

[Ca2+]i Transient in Heart Cell

[Ca2+]I Transient

[Ca2+]i sparks

&

Ca2+ Requirements for Activation of Myofilaments

Autoregulation of SR Ca2+ Content

Changes of sarcolemmal fluxes and SR CaCa2+ release during potentiation of CICR by caffeine (500 mmol/L)

Modulation of the RyR

relationships between the various Ca2+ fluxes

Ca2+ Influx During the Cardiac AP

Ca2+ Removal From the Cytosol During

Cardiac Relaxation

Frequency-dependent changes in the fraction of Ca release that is taken back up by the SR

Measurement of SR Ca2+ content and forcefrequency relationship.

force frequency relation

Frequency-dependence of isometric twitch force (twitch) and rapid cooling contractures (RCC) in nonfailing and failing human myocardium

Relationship between NCX and SERCA protein levels and in non-failing and failing human myocardium

Caffeine contractures in isolated rabbit myocytes following adenoviral gene transfer of LacZ and NCX

Frequency-dependent changes in twitch force, aequorin light signals RCCs in huma atrial muscles (A) and ventricular muscles (B).

Steady-state twitches, postrest twitches, and RCCs in isolated human atrial myocardium.

Rapid Cooling Contracture

Paired RCCs and Ca2+ Reuptake Into the SR

Rest-dependent changes in the amplitudes of twitch force and RCCs) in human atrial myocardium (A) and ventricular muscles (B)

postrest potentiation & postrest decay

restitution

postextrasystolic potentiation

Ca2+ Restitution of the Ca transient