camera shutter aperture

Here comestheLIGHT

Photo = light

Graph = draw or write

Photography = light writing or light drawing

Camera Obscura

Abelardo Morrell, Camera Obscura: View of Central Park Looking North-Fall, 2008

Abelardo Morrell, Camera Obscura: View of Manhattan, 2008

The Shutter – or exposure time(think - eyelid) You adjust the length of

time the shutter remains open to controlthe amount of light that reach the light-sensitive surface.

Each full stop shutter setting is half or double the time of The next one.

The Leaf or between-the-lens-shutter

The Focal-Plane Shutter

The Term “Stop” in photography refers to a change in illumination, whether the shutter speed or the apertureIs change to achieve it.

Actual time in seconds

11.5

23

46

811

1520

11.31.62

2.53

4568

1013152025

1

2

4

8

15

1 sec

1/2 sec

1/4 sec

1/8 sec

1/15 sec

1/2 stop1/3 stopFull stop

Shutter speeds your camera may display

http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_london_photo_9/68/17418/4459072.cw/index.html

The agreed standards for shutter speeds are:

* 1/1000 s * 1/500 s * 1/250 s * 1/125 s * 1/60 s * 1/30 s * 1/15 s * 1/8 s * 1/4 s * 1/2 s * 1 s

Each standard increment eitherdoubles the amount of light(longer time) or halves theamount of light (shorter time).For example, if you move from 1sec to 1/2 second, you haveeffectively halved the amount oflight entering the shutter.

TIP: Think about what is GOING to happen, rather than trying to catch up to what has already happened.

“Motion slows at the peakOf an action that reverses”

Additional setting:

Bulb setting (B) Keeps the shutter open as long as the release button is held down. Time setting (T) opens the shutter with one press of the release, and close it with another.

Additional setting: Bulb setting (B) Keeps the shutter open as long as the release button is held down. Time setting (T) opens the shutter with one press of the release, and close it with another.

Left: 1/3200" Right 1/6400" - an important difference in sharpness

Fast Shutter Speed = Freeze the action

Slow shutter speedsuggested movement -motion (blur).

- a longer time passesfrom the moment theshutter opens till themoment it closes. Moretime is available formovement in thesubject to be recordedby the camera.

Oliver Follmi, Pilgrimage to Bodghaya, India, 2002Slow shutter speed (long exposure)

Simon Bruty, Turin Winter Olympics

Panning (moving the camera to follow the subject) & use slow shutter speed (long exposure).

Stefan Newell, Coloured Lights in Gran Canaria Long exposure (slow shutter speed) & move camera against stationary objects

The Aperture is the size of the lens opening that control the brightness of the light that reaches the sensor or film. (think pupil of an eye) http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/a/a3/Eye_dilate.gif

The size of an aperture is indicate by its f-number or f-stop.

Lens is said to be “stopped down” when the size of theaperture is decrease.

Fast lenses allow you to shoot more easily in low light or at higher shutter speeds. (large aperture)The faster the lenses = the more expensive

(f/1.4 is faster than f/2)

f/1.4f/1.6f/1.8f/2

f/2.2f/2.5f/2.8f/3.2f/3.5f/4

f/4.5f/5

f/1.4f/1.7

f/2f/2.3

f/2.8f/3.4

f/4f/4.7

f/1.4

f/2

f/2.8

f/4

1/3 stop1/2 stopAperture in fullstop

Shutter speeds your camera may display

http://wps.prenhall.com/hss_london_photo_9/68/17418/4459072.cw/index.html

Depth of field is the area from near to farIn a scene that is acceptably sharp in a photograph.

This lens has depth-of-field scale

Depth of field increases as the lens stopped down to smallest aperture (here at f/16)

Tip: check your camera manual.It may have depth of field preview button!

Most camera will automaticallyShow the scene through the widest aperture

Oliver Follmi

Large aperture, less depth of field blur the background--good for portrait

Small aperture = more depth of field > good for detail.

Using Shutter and Aperture together

Both shutter speed & Aperture affect the amount of light entering the camera.

Shutter Speed = TimeAperture = size of the lens opening

Light CompensationYou can change one setting as long as youChange the other in the opposite way.

You can use a larger aperture if you need a faster shutter speed or smaller aperture if you Need a slower shutter speed.

Remember!Shutter Speed affects the sharpness of moving objectsAperture affects depth of field-sharpness fromnear to far.

F/16 > small aperture = Deep depth of field

1/8 sec> slow shutter speed = motion burred

F/4 > medium aperture = Some motion sharp, less sharp background1/125 sec> medium shutter speed = freeze some motion but the exposure is still too longto show the motion of the bird’s wings sharply.

F/2 > large aperture = Shallow depth of field = out of focus background.

1/500 sec > fast shutter speed = freeze all motion & produced motion sharp.

-------------l---l---l---I---l---l----------------1-2 +1 +2

I = standard exposure level

Shutter Priority = you set the desired shutter speed the camera sets the aperture

Aperture Priority = you set the desired aperture the camera sets the shutter speed

Exposure Compensation -Bright situations -Dark situations

0 compensation + 1.5 compensation

James Nachwey, Alabama, 1994 - Prisoner on the chain gang

Oliver Follmi

Simon Bruty, Embassy World Darts Championship