canadians share boycott weekend with cesar chavez...canadians share boycott weekend with cesar...
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Cesar Chavez speaks to Canadian Press:
Teamsters lash food drive
Canadians shareBoycott Weekendwith Cesar Chavez
Vol. VI No. 22November 16, 1973
of the Archdiocese of Toronto, an ardent supporter ofLa Causa, hosted the servicewhere leaders from majorreligious denominations re-affirmed their active commitment . to II the movement ofjustice for farm workers.n
The day before the march,Cesar Chavez began UBoycottWeekend" with interviews ontwo radio and two televisionprograms. "Most Canadiansare greatly concerned aboutthe social condition ofhumanity". hI'! .. told the Canadian
. - ../\ '.
people~ lilt. is to this greatconcern that we are appealing.H
Chavez also spoke at a luncheon with the leading laborrepresentatives and later, theToronto City. Council called ameeting between the Union,Church leaders and executivesof two major chain stores.
That evening, 1800 personscame to bear Chavez speak.There the Union was presentedwith a substantial donationfrom the Catholic Youth CorpsWhich sponsored the event.
In preparation for BoycottWeekend, Toronto boycotters,comprised of 28 strikers, 3staff, led by Union NationalExecutive Board memberMarshall Ganz and Union organizer, Jessica Govea, organized over 200 meetings withunions, riding associations,student and church groups,They conducted.a human billboard campaign and passed out
(Continued, Page 2)
Toronto,Canada -- More than2,000 persons from all walksof life joined United FarmWorkers of America, president Cesar Chavez- November3- in one of the largest marches ever held in the city ofTo-
ronto to celebrate It BoycottDay!'
Chanting and singing, theUnion supporters marched amile through downtown Toronto with Huelga nags ·and banners waving to St. Michael'sCathedral for an EcumenicalService and boycott rally.
Ar~hbishop Philip Pocock
T~amst~rs renege .onsI~nmg peace pactWith farm workers
LA PAZ, California-- Cesar msters would "live out -II theirChavez, President of the Un- contracts with the growersited Farm Workers of Ame- was not a surprisetotheUFWArica, promised tt more strikes uWe expected this," saidnext spring, summer and fall fl Chavez, "This is the fifth timein a press conference Novem- . the teamsters pull this gimmber 7, after the Teamsters ick. We never trusted them,Union reneged on signing a but we wanted to prove to thepeace pact it worked out with AFL-CIO that they were nethe AFL-CIO. The pact have gotiating in bad .faith:"provided for a pull -out from He said the only reasonthe fields by the Teamsters. the teamsters ever negotiated
Chavez said Teamsters Un- with The AFL-CIO . was beion President Frank Fitzsim-mons'statement that the Tea- (Continued, Page 2)
during the busy planting andharvesting-seasons just past
"During this time our workers and their families suffermany hardships," Mrs :F'loressaid' .
Bart Curto, head of the ag-ricultrual division of the
lTeamsters in Santa Maria attacked the food' drive by announcing that local farm workers have unemployment benefits through Teamster unioncontracts '(There are no UFWcontracts in the Santa Mariaarea)'
What Curto did not pointout is that the maximumamount that can be receivedfrom unemployment is basedon income' Most farmworkers
(Continued, Page 2).
<\NTA MARIA, CA.-- Theeamsters Union in Santa:arfa lashed out at a food~ive' sponsored by the NaDnal Farm Workers Serviceenter in Santa Maria Valleyt October 31. .The Service Center,' headed', Margarita Flores, began aree week, door-to-door food'ive in late october with aerne of "Share your food,tare your heart,., which re~cts a quote from Cesar:'llfvez, head of the Unitedurn Workers of America:The person who shares hisod with you, spires hislart!' .The food drive comes at the!ginning of the season whenere is much less agriculral work in the area than
',To~ Delano City Council: "Unanimously neutral" (Bottom} City Manager tells farmworkers to" observe the same' decorum as you would in your own living rooms.II
Farm workers confront De,lanocity council on Safeway arrests
Ca na da lcont.)
Many supporters had stoppedhelping, he said, because theythOUght the Teamsters wereno longer fighting the UFVVA.
Now, Chavez added, "VVewill have an opportunity torealize tully our-potential.'It will now be a lot easierto get boycotters where weneed them. And there willbe more strikes next spring,summer and fall."(Next edition ofEL MALCiUA-DO; history of the struggleagainst the Teamsters.)
Migrant workers annual income is estimated at an $1800average" _Curto shows himself as an.uncaring-· despicable person.To deny 'the real needs of thefarm workers, while he ridesaround in a l~~ry :car sellingout the people to the growerswith sweetheart contracts,such as ,we have here in Santa Maria, is a filthy 00scenity:~ Mrs" Flores said
A check with the<state far{Illabor office in Santa Maria onthe day of Curto's attackshowed no more than six farmlabor jobs available , compared to an average of 50jobs on most days during thepeak seasoll. The six jobs
orepresent one-sixth of fullagricultural: employment.
As further indication ofneed, the country welfare office in Santa Marra recordsa dOUbling in cases of family assistance to heads ofhouseholds in the wintermonths, according to Mrs.VVilson, who heads the intakesection of the welfare office.
'4Perhaps Curto's shocking'lack of care for people isone reason our food drive,is being very successful'-PeopIe have met us with openhearts, and we ask God'sblessing on their generosity," Mrs 1'lores said'
bie, the Canadian national of.fices of the United-Auto VVork
more than 275,000 leaflets in ers, and the UnitedSteelwqrk-12 days. ers of America.
During their first month in The United Church of Can-Toronto, thus far, they have ada, the Canadian Council ofwon the wholehearted end- Churches, the Toronto Senateorsement of the Canadian of Priests and many more orLabor Council of Metropolitan ganizations have also endToronto, Mayor David Crom- orsed the boycott.
(Continued from Page 1)
,Food drive (cont.)(Continued from PaE~ 1)
do not 0 qualify for maximumunemployment benefits of $75a week because their incomeis tob low. U. S. Departmentof Labor statistics show the
average annual income offarm workers to be $2400
,members._City mana~er Peel, said it
would be improper for "the c'ttycouncil to take sides in theUnion's dispute with the growers.
Murgura noted that none ofthe council members had saidanything during the exchange,and asked Mayor Frank Herrera, " as a fellow-Mexican"to take a stand. 0
Herrera responded that, asusual, the City Council wouldremain 'unanimously neutral'cut short discussion with an"VVe appreciated- your- coming- here- tonight" and dis missed the spectators.
The City Council then, wenton to spend mote than a half
hour deciding whether or not totake responsibility for a golfcourse.
Next issue of El Malcriado:interviews with some of the"Delano 29".
R,efuse peace pact. (con't.)
(Continued from Pall'e ncause ofpressure from Clergythe press,. other unions andthe public in general.
"They were only buyingtime," he ~ald, " and theydid succed in' achieving thisshort- range goal. They slowedus down a bit, but they arelooking very bad in the publiceye.- -
Chavez said he was gladthe air finally been cleared
_ and the confusion ended
otton of the injunction and saidthe injunction limits the num-
ber of pickets that can be in aSafeway parking lot to seven,but does not restrict the number .of persons who can be onthe sidewalk.
They also asked why the injunction was not read to theentL~ group in Sparish, as'w~u. as in English. ' ..
Delano City AttorneyJamesMerrigan replied, "I don~
know the facts about what youare talking about. But I do 0
know the guy carrying out thearrests, knows Spanish. I amsure he made himself understood."
VVhen Murguia asked the citycouncil to pass a resolutionlnsupport of the Union's boycotthe was met with a sarcasticlaughter on the part of thecouncil members and othergrower oriented community
~ger James Peel, reprimanded them saying, "Before weget into any serious disagreements, I am asking you to observe 't e same properdeco-.:rum that you would maintainin your own livin~ room."
Peel explained the city'sposition on the matter as being one of an impartial enforcement of the law, and thatthe arrests were made at Safeway's formal request.
liThe Safeway Corporationhas obtained an injunction inLos Angeles which has validity throughout the state of
California limiting the numberof pickets in fr ont of its stores.If that injunction, which wasread to you (at the time of thearrests), is violated, then, itwill be enforced," he said.
Murgura and Castro challenged, 0 the city's interpreta-
November 16, 19732 EL MALCRIADO
Delano, California -- SixtyUnion members and volunteers went to the regular meeting of the Delano City Council November 5, to protestthe recent jailings of 29 boycotters for allegedly violating a court order that restrictspicket line activity in front of'Safeway stores.
Jose Guadalupe Murgura,Delano boycott director" and
_Daniel Castro.a.Il Agbayiuii 0
Village volunteer, bOth amongthosearrested~-asked the Citycouncil Why me Delano CityPolice Department was beingput at the service of Safeway and the growers._ "Never in the twenty yearsI've lived in the San JoaquinValley,'" said Murgura, " haveI ever seen such a blatantabuse of constitutional rights,'
VVhen the crowd respondedto Murgura"s remarks with a'huelga' claD. Delano city ma-
W.ltSOllVil fe. Cia
Liquors 8. Gracery Store
120 tla i n St.
* Beer and Tequi la Imported F,-omMexico
* cor Your rartles
*6AII-2PM
• (408) 724-agg8
Christian Brothersworkers helpLa Causa
Ramon ViveroChrisitan Brothers Ranch
SL SE PUEDE!!VIVA LA CAUSA!VIVA CHAVEZ!!!
With this letter I wouldlike to greet all of you whowork for the Union and atthe same time send you acheck made out to the amountof $100..00 to' help pay the rentof the Selma office"
This check comes from theworkers at Christian Brothers'
We hope to double this amount in a few more daysand will continue to helpout.
suppOrt "the struggle for selfdetermination and unionization of agricultural workers."
Members of the group'sSteering Committee are,:Fr. Frank Wilks, ,- O.P.; Dr.'Norman D. Pott, Msgr"'EDmund J. Murnane, MarionPhelan. Irving H. _Flet~her.
Theodore R' KUlongski, and. Jose Romero.
Groceri esMexican productsN9wspapers andmagazines in Spanish
Notary PublicOwner: Carlos F. Rico
La Flor Del Valle100 Union ~t.
vlat;;of)'Y i I Ie, lea I •
Mrs. Marion Phelan, amember ofthe support group'sSteering Committee, said that$3,800 is still to be paid onthe van.
She said the van would beused to transport farm workers and their families from thefields or their homes to theclincis for medical attention.
The Interfaith Committeewas formed last spring to
'The Interfaith Committeeannounced its campaign to,raise money for the $4,50012-passenger van will startwith a fundraising dinner andauction November 3. Theysaid that the Second ExecutiveVice President of the UnitedFarm WOrkers of America,Philip Vera. Cruz, will beguest of honor.
Support group buys- "
van for clinics
DOioners meeting the spokeman _for tlie Ft. Pierce GrowersAssociation said the influx,.of @O @migrant would &rot tmrHne -local unemployed labor forcebecause N. these people are .taught by' the federal government that they shouldn't workwith their hands."
The spokeman assertedthis was the reason pickersmust be imported to thisarea.
UFWAmembers charged.'that if growers paid" decentUnion contrac~ wages., --IOU'
would have no difficulty inrecruiting'American workers19 harves! yout citr~._
H Since you choose to EUGENE, ORE..-- A group ofimport foreign workers, you farm worker supporters basedare obviously trying to cir- in Eugene, Oregon, hope tocumvent requirements for deliver a van to La Causa'soffering competitive wages c:lnics in California.and decent housing to Ame- . '(he group, the Interfaithricans, by importing , green Committee to Aid Farm Workcarders' who are still foreign --ers will pr-esenfthe van towor.kers, but not covered by the' National Farm Workersthe same regulations that - Health Group at their meetinggovern the importation of Ja- in La Paz on November 12,maicans!' according to Elizabeth Max-
The union members are well, Acting Director for therefering to U. S. Justice lleath Group._department regulations that .require a grower to demostrade that he is offeringcompetitive wages and is stillunable to find domestic workers.
This require is appliedto Jamaican worker oftenimported for work in the sugarcane fields, but does not applyto Mexican " green carders."
rector, the liquor dealers arebeing organized by MarioRi~
ci, northern California distributor for Gallo wines.
Harrassment by the policehas followed Ricci's activitiessaid Ross.
The union is scheduled tobe heard in court November14, at which time it will challenge the arrests on constitutional grounds ofinsufficient
. evidence.
ARTICHOKE INNResta'urant and BarA good place to eat
Newly remodeled -. now open() J"~r: 1'1 Cil n;u ;.'. ~,lnchez
18 Porter Drive. Watsonville. California 724-972
Mack Lyons
from Dolores Park.Duril)g the morning, the
pickets were warned by thepolice about' obstructing traffic and harassing customers.
The police returned in theafternoon and without warningbegan arresting the picketswho were Gallo strikers andSan Francisco supporters ofthe UFWA boycott.
According to Fred Ross,Jr., San Francisco hoycott-di-
Pickets arrested in San Francisco
The picketing at Judell'sLiquor Store, 21st and Mission, was part of a '''CleanSweep of Mission Street N
campaign against Gallo winesand the liquor stores that continued ~ to defy the boycott~
The picketing at Judell'sbegan following a morningmarch down Mission street
Avon Park, Florida -- UnitedFarm Workers of America,Black, White, Puerto Rican,and Chicano members, sent aletter to the Fort Pierce Gro.wers Ass'ociation protesting apublic display of racism bythe.wwers~
Local citrus growers areasking for a zoning amendment which would allow themto put up two "mini-camps"to house migrant fruit pickers
A growers association representative told the commission that growers are goingto need more migrant workersin the coming harvest seasonand said that unless adequate According. to Mack Lyons,housing can be provided the member of the executive boardworkers may not come. Thiswould seriously handicap the of the United Farm Workerslocal citrus industry, he said. of America 'and:dlrector of
. The association spokesman the Union, in" 'Florida:, thesaid the association is con- Union Is .. not against buil,tracting with a Texas firm to ding housing.;provide about 50 experienced But, we feel the growers"pickers with. legal visas to al- should build family housinglow them to come into this which is badly needed by thecountry from Mexico. workeers to put local people
"The Mexican workers are out of jobs.. very clannish and like to stick H Local people needtogetber,-the growers spoke- housing, and jobs, and theysman said. to be organized."
The Union members cha- Union members fear therged that ·the growers in an gl-owers will attempt to userged that the growers are try- their projected racism as aing to project their own ra- :>asis for refusing housing tocism onto the farm workers \merican workers seekingin an attempt to keep' farm lobs, according to a statementworkers from organazing into issued by the Union.a union. At the coun1y commiss-
San Francisco -- Nineteenpickets were arrested at aMission District liquor storeon November 3.
The arrested pickets, including a 14 year ·old boy,were released on their ownrecognizance late Saturdaynight.
F'lorid'a farm workers protesttracist' grower-proposed housing
EL MALeR I ADO November 16, 1973 3
CommemoratIve MedallIonof the H,sto"c
F,Tst ConstItutIonal ConventIon
IL a"el.'"
•
•
.., LaP_ P.a:'''62~. c.au.naa 93Ul
~~rwo~..."·~""IIfdw:
lftl'mD FARM WOlUC!RSAFL.-ciO'
~~ (II'IIIIn-..cl8...... IIf 50 pNpasd ClIIJy $5.00
P......tty ,s,u&all.~"" .
llilS !£AI/'( BRASS /'EIlI\Il.ICJl CJl' A HIGHIJJAlJTY RED SATIN RIBIDlIS SlJ'ETHINi 'tI1J
WILL 1RfASlIlE, IT RECAU.S A GREAT EVENTIN TI£ LI FE a' (Ul IJHCJl 0
:¥'!-.!i~~~O. Please send me medal I fons. I enclose
$2.00 ,for 9'l"hPius 10% for shippIng.Nome ~ _
st....t _
City stot9__ Zlp__
Pedro Sanchez Gas Station'a Mechanic S~ Courtesy P~o",ptnessU
(403·722·6700)
175 [lain St. • Watsonville, Ca. \h\nl'r:
'49 Main St.
Watsonvil1e,
Ca 1Hornia
FRESNO, Ca.--The leader of the California State Grangeurged cooperation among farm organizations and criticiZedthe Farm Bureau for its opposition to Grange proposalsto benefit the small farmer as well as the farm worker.
Chester Deaver told 2000 delegates gathered here for thelOlst Annual Grange convention in mid OCtober that two·problems facing small farmers include the move towardslarger but fewer farms and strife on the farm labor front.
Deaver ,said the Grange proposals to estabiish a farmbase unit ,concept which would halt a freeze-mit of efficientbut small farmers and Grange-backed measures to provideunemployment insurance for farm workers have been opposedby the Farm Bureau. He also said unemployment insurancefor farm workers would help farm communities as it hashelped other industries 'by promoting permanent residencyand bringing money into the local economy during months
. when agriculture cannot provide full employment.'
Deaver said the Grange also supports the guaranteed rightof farm workers to select representatives for bargainingpurposes in free elections.
Grange' attacks Farm BureauSupports farm workers'
"This petition is unnecessary,·' one worker was toldby a member of the manage
,ment. "The company safetyprogram is more than ade-
;(EUGENE, Orgegon)--Team- workers should bring theirster Union officials in Eugene quate. The real problem is complaints tothe union office.looked the other, way when employees not obeying com- "In effect, he announceda Teamster, worker had her pany safety regulations. Be- that all, the provisions of the'hand cut off in a corn husk- sides, the accident was' petition w,ere going to be caring machine until the workers Nancy's fault; she hadn't ried out," one ~orker said.signed a petition demanding obeyed rules and wasn't paying Since the ,announcement,an investigation of safety con- attention." flexible plastic guards anaditions in the packing plant;. "You're forCing us to auto- large danger signs have been
- After Nancy Whitfield lost, mate. We couldn't make the installed on husking machines.her hand at the Agripac;work- plant accident proof. If ,we IfAs for the announced iners drew up a petition list- did, w.e'd have to shut down spection and safet.y campaign,ing such hazards as e'unsafe because we~:d~ havenocap- , management seems to havecutters and huskers,slick; ital left. I turned it Into another tacticfloors, unsafe steps and un-' Before the petition drive - of abuse and harassment ofrepaired lift-trucks, and de- the response from the Team~ workers, ftthe worker said.mande.d impro~~ wor~ing sters Union was negative. As the Agripac's claims ofconditions immedlateir. However, the day -after the Nancy Whitfield's negligence
Although nothing I? their petition drive began, a Team- in the accident, a state safety, contract forbids the circula- ster official fromSalem Ore- inspection revealed there
tion of petitions, the Agripac gon carne to the plant to talk were no exclusion guards onworke,rs had hardly begun to , abo~t safety. the side-mounted butt knivespass It around before seve~al He announced that an in- on the husker machine.of them were .th~eatened WIth vestigation of Nancy Whit- This is a violation ofthe loss of their lobs. field's accident was in the Oregon State Employment
progress and a state in- Act and Agripac was finedspectiQn would be initiated as $200 for negligence.well. _
The Salem Teamster of-ficial said the petition wasunnecessary and that the
·Teamster me'mbers demandprobe of packing house safety
Racist seniority system
'failed and refused to recruit,hire, transfer and promote(Chicanos, Puerto Ricans andBlacks) to pigher paid, moredesirable jobs such as- roaddriver on an equal basis withwhite Anglo persons."
. 'The minority groups haveusually been'assigned to suchjobs as janitor and dockman,he said.
4
30 days to reply.
~ WASHINGTON, D.C. )--Alleged ,discrimination againstChicanos, Puerto Ric;ms and
Blacks' by the Teamsters Unionbrought threats of a civilrights suit by the Justice Department, Assistant AttorneyGeneral J. stanley Pottingerannounced OCtober 31.
Pottinger told the union ina letter that a lawsuit wascontemplated if the union andtrucking companies con~uedto resist proposals to!ncl'easethe percentage of Chicanos,Puerto Ricans and Blacks.
Similar letters were 'sentto 514 trucking companies andto Trucking Employers, Inc.,which represents the companies in collective bargain-
'mg.
Justice Dept. may sue,Teamsters for biasin: seniority system,
Moreover, Pottinger said,the seniority system writteninto the Teamsters contract
,with thp employeFs perpetuates the discrimination bydiscouraging Chicanos. Puerto Ricans and blacks fromaccepting promotions even ifoffered.
The seniority system requires, for example, that ajanitor whould lose all sen-
A department spokesman iority with the company if hesaid the union and the compan- should accept promotion toies were given 30 days to a driver, he said.reply and 'fthen what we con- He again invited the union
'templated is a suit involving arid the companies to acceptthe union. the employers' or- two government proposals:ganization, and five or six --Changing the seniority sysindividual companies as re- tern "so that qualified incum-
• presentatives of the class of bent blacks and Spanish-sur- 'defendants." named Americans may trans-
In his letter, Pottinger said fer to future vacancies in jobsthe civil rights division's in- from which they have beenvestigation h~d gathered evid- excluded in the past withoutence of U'a pattern and prac- loss of seniority for biddingtice discriminatory employ- and layoff purposes."ment practices" in the truck- --Adopting "an affirmativeing industry. program fo!, recruitment and
He said employers "have (Continued on Pa!!e 5)
EL MALCRIADO November 16, 1973
•J
Anna'Puharich, fund raiser extraordinary, is responsiblefor $2 million in donations to UFWA..
farmworkers; Fred Rosslong-time supporter of fa:mworkers Anna ?uharich, secretary; Frank Dennison, treasurer; and Rev 'Wayne (Chris)Hartmire.
The different branches inthe structure of the NFWSCare comprised of the following~
.Administrative Director,Anna Puharich;
.Legal matters, Tony Gaensle~, attorney.
.The Campesirio' Centers,'Ann McGregor. training andPat Halloran,' administration.
The purpose of the Centersis to aid farm workers withtheir social, -medical and legalneeds in their own area.
The-re are presently -tenCenters in operation,. Longrange goals are for 20 Campesino Centers including Arizona. Florida, and Texas. orwhere the need is greatest.
• The La Paz Center--LindaLegerette is responsible formaintaining the facilities at,L~ Paz. This involves arranging the set-up for edu-_cational,conferences, the foodand lodging, which is chargedto each individual departmentrequesting the facilities.
The Credit Union, the Agbayani Village, the Clinicsthe Day Care Center, and th~':print; Shop are ongoing oper- .ations that were launched bythe National Farmworkers
.S ervice Center, Inc~_
charitable organization alldonations and -gifts ar~ taxdeductible, and the Center iselegible to receive grantsfrom foundations.
The NFWSC, Inc. is governed by a Board ofDirectorswho serve without pay. Thepresent board includes: CesarChavez, pres-ident; JeromeLackner, MD., who providesvolunteer m~dical services to
C~sar'~d H~len Chavez celebrate 25 years' of mUried UfewIth. Umon volunteers at La PaZ;
. EL~ALCRIADO • November 16, 19i3:: 5
(Cont.)Director of the Western Con'::ference ofTeamsters, is quoted as saying that farm workerswould not be permitted to haveunion meetings for at leasttwo years under the contractsthe Teamsters Union has signed with the growers.
"Maybe," said Mohn. "asagriculture . becomes moresophisticated and more me?hanized, with fewer trans~~nts, fewer carders, and asJobs become more attractiveto Whites, then we can builda union that can have structure and that can negotiatefrom strength aM have membership participation,.It
When asked about what will .happen to the workers displaced by mechanizationWhich is permitted by Team~ster contracts. He repliedthat the contracts woold notprotect them.. IfAfter all•you can't expect whites to stepaside and let Mexican-Americans and Negroes have the(machine) jobs they have hadfor : years,'" he said
At the service of farm workers"Listen, Encourage, Ana
IY~e and Make Time." Thisis the motto under which theNational Farm Workers Service Center, Inc. (NFWSC,Inc) operates as it providesneeded social, medical andlegal services to farm work-ers. NFWSC, Inc. founded .in 1966, is a California noncertified to do business inArizona!' Tex~.t: • 1111nois, andNew York. Since it -is a
Teamster' bias(Continued from Pa~e 4)
hiring,N including establish. ing goals for'hiring minoritiesfor better paying jobs.
Trucking industryemployment now is about 7 or 8percent Black and 2.5 percentSpanish- surnamed, the department said..
Commenting on the newsof the possible civil rightssuit against the TeamstersUnion, Tony Gaenslen, formerTeamster Associate HouseCounsel, who has first-handknowledge of the Teamster'spractices, said: "In my. opinion, the Teamsters have be':haved shamefully on the' raceissue.. The seniority provisions of. their contracts havehad the effect oflocking Blacksand Chicanos into lower-paying, less desirable jobs.II
Gaenslen, who in 1964 didvoter registration work forthe Student Non-violent Coordinating ComIqtttee in Mississippi and now an attorneyfor the United Farm Workersof America, said, "TheTeamsters have consistentlyrefused to ~eriously considerany modification of the seniority system to allow minorities to make up for past'discrimination."Farm workers: second-classrole
"Einar Moho's statementsin the Kiely Report relegating'Chicano and Mexican fieldworkers to a role of secondclass membership in theTeamster Union is consistentwith the Teamster position onrace." -
The Kiely Report was aSafewa:y-sponsored research
, progect into the dispute be. tween the United' Farm Workers of America andth~Team..sters Union in the lettuceindustry. '
In the r~port. Einar Mohn.
From that 'non-verbal padto the pr~sent, Anna has beeninstrumental in raising closeto $2 million for the supportof farmworkers.. She likes tothink of herseJf· as a "peoplebroker" and brings peopletogether--"people who thinkthey have Dothingin common,"urging them to help others..
Raising money for farmworkers Is difficult, saysAnna, because farm' workersare "politicallytoo hot. Foundations fear the heat.. Farmworkers are threatening thechanges. . Conservative factions know that these changesmean that the farm workersare not in the business tocollect money, and do nothingwith it. Poor people are notsupposed to have power!'
Anna enjoys communicatingwith the top echelon: "I'mcomfortable with the rich, butI'in at home with the poor!'
Many of the "Haves" thatshe has met have indicatedtheir interest in helping thefarm workers, but no one .has.approached them.. So Annahas prompted them by saying, ."Just call them and tell them,'I want·to help'..".· .
Servi'ce CenterDirector: why shelikes to help
AnnaPuharich has been actively helping the farm workers officially s1B.ce 1968.. Unofficially, AJlIlJ. was moved bythe "just horrib12" existenceof farm wG1'kers at the age of12.
Brooklyn-bon Ms. Puharich went to visit a farm inNew Jersey where she tooka sudden interest 1B. the 'chicken coops;.. She was traumatically impressed by thediscovery that these chickencoops were the living quarters of the farm'. employees..
From tha.t day on, AnnacUpped aRd filed any articlesregarding farm workers"without any specific goal inmind..~' In later life herinterest in helping the poorbrought her to do much morethan "bringing basketS of foodto Harlem.."
She met Cesar Chavez theday after Robert Kennedy wasassassina~ed.. She was .helpingwith the Poor Peoples Mal'chin Resur:rection'City, and sheoffered her home to the visiting UFW staff. "Cesar neverasked me and I never offered,~ut there was some kind ofnon-v~rbal agreement that Iwas. going. to ,W9rk 'with the
. UFW fI"she save;:.. . , J~
• ' ..~ '_0., i.
Santa Maria boycott Echaverria set free
Doctor reports onrecruiting drive
In a case describing similar circumstances of a "volunteer" agreement to openmail a San Diego federal jUdgeruled such "voluntary" requitements illegal~
I was told I would get no mail,'"Echavarria said.
He signed the form. and received all mail sent to himexcept some union boycottleaflets.
uThe people at the jail toldme I didn't need all thoseleaflets," he said.
Carder appeared beforeJudge Kirkpatrick October 29to ask that Echavarria's jailsentence be terminated in lightof more grievous crimes on tilenational level -where thepunishment leveled did notseem equal to that sufferedby Echavarria.
Ortiz and Gonzales both,farm workers, had alreadyserved 10 and 5 days respectively but each still owesfines.
. Carder also asked for dismissal of further probationall the defendants who werefound quiltv.
Kirkpat'rick ordet..ed pro?ation reports on all personsmvolved and ordered Echavarria brought to Santa Mariaon October 31 for a probationinterview.
Instead of an interviewEcharria was brought directly
.!o court where Kirkpatrickasked the probation department for its renort.
After a hasty consultationwith Echavarria; Which included the probation officerasking if "UFWOC (sic) isgoing to cause any more trouble, "Kirkpatrick signed a release for Echavarria and ordered the case continued toNovember 13 when he will ruleon the pending fines and probation matters. -
In his chambers on October29, Kirkpatrick told Carderthat he "did not understand'"the tactics involved in a uniondemonstration outside Kirkpatrick's court on the daythe three men were jailed.
Carder told Kirkpatrickthat the demonstration was nota "tactic" but a " true demonstration of. the feelings ofthe ·community.
Dr. Gene Atherton ofLagunaBeach, ,California, is takingDr• Radebaugh 's place at theSanger clinic while he is onhis recruitment tour.
_man Bethune Collective at theDetroit General Hospital, Detroit, Michigan, who are commited to bettering the people'smedical care.~The University of Michi
gan and the Ann Arbour FreeClinic promisP.d to advertiseLa Causa's need for doctorsin their campus newspapersAt the University Radebaugh.met with DR 'Myron Wegman.Dean of the School of PublicHealth, DR. Andrew Hunt, Michigan State UniversitySchool .of Medicine, and a group ofChicano medical students
cause of the geerin~
and booing against him andAfter the meeting was endedEchavarria told the crowd the"meeting is over, go homequietly."
Many of the persons whotestified at the trial pointed toEchavarria as .the "leader"of those on triah
A sheriff's department report introduced during thetrial noted the probable affiliations of the accused. Eachperson was pointed out eitheras a member of the Union orof El Comite Consejero deEducacion de Guadalupe, agroup of parents trying tochange the harsh disciplinarypractices of the school andprovide a better education fortheir children.
The case culminated in thejailing of Echavarria JesusOrtiz and Sammy G~nzalesafter the rejection of appealsby . the California State Supreme Court.
Other defendants receivedfines, and all received twoyears probation.
When Echavarria enteredjail he was given a form to
sign which said he "voluntarily" agreed to have mailsent or received by him opened by sheriffs deputies.. 'fI asked what would happenIf I did not sign the form. and
(SANTA MARIA)-- A UFWAdemonstration, growing pUblicshock at scandals and crimescombined with a court appearance by UFWA lawyer BillCarder ended the 45 day sentence for Manuel Echavarria,Santa Maria organizer forUFWA, after 21 days in theSanta Barbara county jail.Echavarria, along with sixothers, was convicted in August, 1972, of disturbing thepeace at a Guadalupe SchoolsParent Teacher Club meetingin March" 1972 following theParent Club meeting whereMel <YCampo, a man often employed by growers associationin the southwest, spoke aboutuThe Truth Behind the Chicano Movemen4"Tenpersonswere cited to court on chargesof disturbing the peace anddisrupting a public meeting.
Dr. Radebaugh & Cheryl Miller in Detroit.
Dr. John Radebaugh, recruiting doctor for the National Farm Workers Health
Dr. Radebaugh-and Marcos Munoz, Chicago Boycott. Groups, reports on the pre-
•••=:::J sentations he has made and the~ responses he has receivedg so far on his tour:c,senItil -He spoke to about 60 phy-
I'i:: sicians at the Academy of PeU diatricians in Chicago. Two
I took applications with them,/2 and Dr 1?aul Shales of the Mon,g tefiore Hospital in New YorkPi City, has sent in his applica
tion. Dr.-9..eorge Prieto ofEvanston, Ill., has promisedto come and visit Californiain January, get first handinformation, and do some recruiting on his return to Illinois.
- He talked to doctors andmedical students at the Nor-
slogans.SANTA M~IA, Ca.-- Scolari's has continuously
Picketing by the United Farm refused to observe the boycottWorkers Union in Santa Maria of non-union lettuce, grapes,is costing Scolari's Market and wines.$5000 (five thousand dollars) After half an hour ofpicketa day, according to a depo- ing, Joe Scolari, head of thesHion included in an injun- market' chain was suddenlyction appeal granted in Santa available for a meeting.Maria Superior Court rec- Scolari told the Union workersently. that he would have to consult
The injunction followed in- with lawyer Dick Weldon, whotensive weekend picketing of represents the store and isthe local market chain which also vice - .president of thehas recently expanded its corporation.store to nine store~ in the A meeting,later in the weekCentral Coast area. with union representatives and
Union pickets made a strong Scolari and Weldon, broughtinitial showing when a union no results as the lawyerbus filled with more than 50 avoided the issues involvedpersons drove into the store and would not allow Scolariparking lot and waited while to speak for himself.union leaders Paulino Pacheco An injunction limiting theand Margarita Flores con- picketing was issued on theferred with the store day following the meeting inmanager. Weldon's office and is sche-
The union workers got the .duled for hearing in Superiorusual response: 'I only work Court in mid-November.here. It's not my respon- Enthusiastic picketing con- During a week long jurysibility. Mr. Scolari is not tinues at the stores within trial in the Santa Maria Munin.' the limits of the injunction,' incipal Court ofJudge Richard
At Pacheco's direction, the according to Pacheco. . 'Kirkpatrick~ testimony show-pickets got out of the bUS, ed that evidence againstflags waving,_ s_houting boycott Echavarr'a . 1 d d 11Photo-Howard Brickman 1 me u e a ega-
.~II'lR~-p tions that he directed the act-ivities of others "with hiseyes." ,
Echavarria testified thathis only instructions to the 300
persons attending the meetingcame when Mel O'Campochose to end the meeting be-
6 EL MALCRIADO • November 16, 1973
The report continued thatin April, 1971, it was announcedthat Roberts had bought 92percent control of the line.Investigators of the CaliforniaPublic U.tilities Commissionbranded the deal a fraud andprotested to the CAB, claiming that Roberts was given$727,280 by Smith to lend hisname as the airline's ostensible owner.
According to the PUCSmith , and not Roberts, wa~the real owner becauseof $3.6 million he had arranged for the airline to borrowfrom' the US National Bankand $11.9 million owed toGolden West Air Terminalsof Long Beach, an enterpriseoperated bySmith's older brother, J.A. Smith.-. outcome of the 1972 CABhearings were inconclusive.Last February. while awaitingthe CAB~s ruling. Golden Westquietly abandoned its efforts tobuy Los Angeles Airways. ahelicopter taxi service whoseacqUIsition had been the main~ssue before' the" CAB.
"Left unanswered was
Left unanswered waswhether Smith or Robertsowned Golden West.
An SEC pretrial documentsaid Roberts in 1970, atSmith's request. assumed a$12.6 million debt on 8,820acres of California ranch landtodisquise Smith.s real ownership of property and enableWestgate to claim a $5.3 million manufactured profit.
The SEC informed theJus~
tice Department that Smithremained in actual control ofland, however, and arrangedfor entire purchase price, bothdirectly and throughan investment trust set up by Smithsome years ago for his grandson.
On Smith's'recommendation, Roberts was appointedin September, 1968, to a sevenman national campaign groupca~led the Nixon-Agnew Agri-
cultural Advisory Committee.Roberts served as a pre
sidential advisor during partof Nixon's first term.
Roberts later became oneof several II straw menu usedin coverups of Smith-engineered deals that involved ,anairiine and large tracts ofCalifornia land., according tothe SEC.
EL MALCRIADO • November 16, 1973 7
Later in 1970, Smith reportedly set up three moreWestgate subsidiaries to acquire more Kern County ranchland.
The California commissioner of corporations andWestgate's independent auditors balked at the deal.
State investigators said theSmith-controlled bank had bythen lent more than $12 millionon property worth no morethan $8 million.
Hollis Roberts again cameto Smith's rescue as a "strawman" in financial maneuversconcerning Golden West airlines.
In 1969, Smith had been ordered by the Civil AeronauticsBoard to divest himself ofthe airline.
However, "a CAB staff report of August 14, 1972. saidthat despite the purported saleto a loan company after' the
On a similar occasion CAB's 1969 order, GoldenSmith allegedly provided Ro- West " remained under Mr.berts with $727,280 to take' Smith's financial dominationover and pose as the owner and control...."of a near-bankrupt commuterairline, Golden West, intowhich he was pouring money.
Asked why he had paid somuch for an airline that waslosing $5 million or more ayear, Roberts was quoted ashaVing said: "Mr. Smiththought it would be a good'idea."
Smith , after meeting Roberts, dealt him in a 5,580acre syndicate. By 1970. withSmith's help, Roberts had130,,000 acres in direct holdings, syndicate shares andoperating contracts.. Thefigure is . now somewhat
. smaller.Roberts' emergency as
'a Smith "strawman"" according to evidence in the handsof the Justice Department,occured in 1970 when 3.280acres of Westagte-ownedranch land made its complesway, into Roberts' nominalcontrol.
(SA~ DIEGO.. Ca..lifornia)--Hollis Blevins Roberts of McFarland , a. grower who owns100,000 acres in the San J oaquin Valley, has been identified by governmentprosecutors as a " strawman " whohelped San Diego financierC. Arnolt Smith conceal corporate and income tax fraudsamounting to millions of dollars.
Roberts formerly had acontract with the UnitedFarm Workers of America,but he refused to renew thecontract this year. signed acontract with the TeamstersUnion., and his ranches werestruck by the union.
An attorney for the Securities and Exchange Com~ission said Ro~erts. 61 wasInvolved in a' series of intricate and often obscure dealswith Smith. The attorneysaid Roberts would have been" a critical witness " if SECcharges had gone to trialagainst Smith in a case thatwas settled out of court.
Hollis Roberts ~strawman'for financier.
Federal investigators haveestablished that the loans wereon assets formerly owned by
I •Westagte- CalIfornia, leadingthem to suspect that Robertsmay have served only as a"nominee- with most of theloan proceeds go~ng to Smithor Smith-related interests.
The Justice Departmentand IRS also are pursuing inquirieS into possible involvement of Roberts in a largeScale evasion of federal income taxes charged to Smith.."
Agents of the SEC, IRSand FBI are understood to havequestioned Roberts about hisdirect dealings with Smith andabout loans obtained from theSmith-controlled US NationalBank. declared insolvent recently by the controller of thecurrency.
The bank's collapse wasattributed largely to unsecured loans authorized by
Smith, either for his own in- .terests or those of closebusiness associates.
Included in a listing of"doubtful" loans was $67.1million to It the Hollis Ro
'berts group , N authorizedby Smith.
poor, no beds; they had to sit-on the cement floor; the placewas cold and drafty. He statesthe air conditioners wereturned on full blast to maketheir stay that much moreuncomfortable.
Most outstanding in his memory was the line of Teamsters armed with pipes andbaseball bats; the day 15 strikers were badly beaten on the
; picket line, and the earlymorning ambush on ManuelLooez who had bi~front tppthknocked out; Felix Rodriquez.who received a skull fracture,
'and Salvador OChoa who, wasbadly beaten and his car windows completely broken ontheir 'way to the picket line,
The end of the harvest inCoachella was the end of thestrike in that area # It continued in the Arvin-Lamontarea. The violent tactics ofthe oppostion were the same.Lupe was arrested twice, onefor trespassing and the secondtime for "no reason"
Back on the picket line andrecently out of jail, Lupe saysof his bouts with Lady Luck:"Rather than suffer the lowwages, and helping the richas .I was doing. I much prefer helping the farmworkerswith the little that I can.I have suffered much humiliation at the hands of the patrones, not only here but alsoin Mexico"
Thus the memory of thosepast humilliations is the catalyst that keeps Lupe Murgu(aon, the picket line, willing torisk, getting arrested toprove'his point,
\Lupe Murgufa, Delano Boycott dir.ect?r, ~nows. .picket lines and jails, but keeps hIS fIghtmg spInt.
Past humiliationsgive strength .JOSe Guadalupe Murgufa,
originally from Zapotitlan,Jalisco, has been a memberof UFWA since 1963. In thatspan of time he has beenarrested 10 times for his activites as a Union organizer..In 1958, he was arr~sted inFresno for the first time forworking in the U. S. withoutproper papers. On OCtober20th he was arrested for the
lOth time for picketing aSafe-way store in Delano.
Lupe is the head of the boycott in the Delano area. Heis married to Kathy Lynch,whom he met in 1966, duringthe first grape strike. Theyhave seven children, Ricardo,Marfa, Raymundo, Benito, andLupe's three children by aformer marriage, J oaquID,Anna and Dolores,
His organizing activitieshave taken him into the fieldsand picket lines in Firebaugh.Livingston, Fresno, CoachellaLamont and Delano.
With the reappearanc~ ofthe Teamsters in the fieldsand the loss of contracts inthe Coachella Valley in Juneof 1973, Lupe was placed incharge of one of the picketlines at the Karahadian Ranch..He was arrested 7 times, inone month during this strike, 'for civil disobediance, breaking the injunction that restricted the use of bUllhorns,and· trespassing ~
His longest stay in the IndioCounty jail was 12 hours. Heremembers the first time injail--he and 60 other malestrikers in one cell; the toodwas poor; the treatment was,
9
. No more scab grapes for this store!
Cleveland, Ohio:EL MALCRIADO. November 16, 1973
Safeway security guard tries to discouragepicket.. Tucson, Arizona.
Roberto de Leon from Earlimart onSchnuck picket line in St." I.;ouisI.:--ll
Dolores Sanchez & son Ernesto with Schnuck's official - St. Louis
....U)Ql
~::l....(j)
~QlI=:.....Qo~
>I.<I.<
~
•o....o
0.. ~
, 0..Pickets ordered to 'stifle' in violation of Bill of Rights- Phoemx. i
lets be -friends?" - Phoenix, Arizona
rJEWALI< OR/NG £07/
ONPA
Im~tE;rmined pickets - Boycott Safeway- Phoenix. Arizona.
Marchers wait outside Red Owl store after 3 mile march.
Safeway Headquarters ~ oakland
>I.<
madeline Van-Ardell, as well ~as Phoenix boycott leader Da- 0..vid Koehler. il
other unions represented iton the picket line were United ~Steel Workers, American Fe- ,deration of Teachers, Amal- Sgamated Clothing Workers, ,g(including Farah stikers), and 0..
. the Laborers Union.
During the demonstrationtwo Safeway patrons boughtlarge bags of grapes andattempted to provoke thepickets. The community relations division of the Phoe-·· 0..nix Police Department asked' 5the two patrons to leave the ·it
Q)parkin~ lot. , . OS
Koehler reports the boy- •cott office has good relations Swith sherIf's department in ,gPhoenix which has appointed 0..
Ron Gomez as public relations officer for the department.
Mass March, RallyHits Red Owl
BAKERSFIELD, California--Representatives of San JoaquinValley growers have voiced strong opposition to the secondaryboycott, 'saying no new farm legIslation at all would bebetter than a law failing to outlaw supermarket boycotts.
The Assembly Labor Relations Committee heard that unlessthe secondary boycott is banned, there will be no growersupport for legislation aimed at ending agricultural disputes..But Cesar Chavez, president of the United Farm Workersof America, said in a telegram that his union will not giveup the right to use the secondary boycott in its fight to organize workers. Chavez will testify at a later sessi(ll ef thecommittee. •
Grower spokesmen agreed. the secondary boycott, in which Sa union pressures supermarkets and stores not to sell pro- ,gduce grown by a farmer iavolved in a labor dispute, has 0..'been an effective weapon for the union.
Richard Chavez led a mass march and rally in mid-Octoberin downtown Minneapolis to a Red Owl store. The store isthe largest carrier of no~-UFWA grapes and lettuce in theupper midwest
Chanting could be heard several blocks away as the crowdsurrounded the store. Chavez entered the store to talk toa vice-president who refused to remove the grapes and lettucebecause 'our consumers need it.'
A rally in a neighboring park followed the demonstration.Chavez addressed the crowd as did representatives of theUnited Church of Christ, Minnesota Catholic Conference andSister Annabelle Raiche who spent two weeks in the FresnoCounty Farm as a result of a UFWA picket line arrest
The march was endorsed by twenty-five state legislators,a number of prominent citizens including former SenatorEugene McCarthy and Lt. Governor Rudy Perpick, severalunions, and major church and community action organizations.
Gr.owers 'Fear boycott
Safeway Pickets Takeon Arizona Court Order
In addition to the Cooks , thefollowing persons work in theSt. Louis office: Roberto andJulia de Leon from Delano.. White River strikers; Dolores Sanchez and her fourchildren from Delano, whoworked on strikes there thisstimm'er; and l<amon Lara,who was on the boycott in1969 and was a striker thissummer.
Store Chain Hires~Goons'
to Harrass PicketsUF\VA for two years and wasin charge of the campaignto recall Governor Jack Williams of Arizona. He and hiswife, Barbara, worked in thefield offices in Phoenix andTucson.
st Louis, Missouri -- California's grower techniqueshave moved to a mid-westsupermarket as Schnuck'sMarkets hired 'e goons " toharass and threaten boycotters picketing the stores inthe chain.
According to Richard Cookdirector of the St. Louis boycott, pickets will not talk tothe goons unless the 'goons'identify themselves.
Despite a temporary res':'triining order issued in alocal court, picketing has increased, Cooke said.
Cooke has been in St. Louis for little more than' amonth. He has been with
8 EL MALCRIADO • November 16, 1973
( Phoenix, Arizona ) -- Masspicketing has marked protests against a court restricting the right of UFWA pickets to ask people not to shopat Safeway.
The current court orderalso limit pickets to no morethan 15 at one store with nomore than 5in the parking lot;
As part of the protest',. ". . . ~ many pickets wore gags ar-
Baltimore Mayor W·l~m ,0..,~chaf Schaefer presents a pm 0 ound their mouth symbolizing::lamation establi~tlI, -ev.ember 6.1973 as "United Farm 5: the attack by Safeway and the'Workers Day" in Bal~tm6re tQ ~'Ycott organizer Juanita He court on the First Amendmentrrera: The proclamaU$-.: ·ea11s· the Union an onanization of the United states Consti-which has·taken its '''D~~'tQ'theAmerican labor movement" .lution.and J1as ':.. t~str~v~~,~g~.I~tly to improve the quality of life Included among the 15 picketsand to spee:d socW..W jConomic pror:ress for all selZments. most directly in violation ofof our socift:t'~· :~·::,/A~·1-"·;· :. the injuction were state Sena·
Rio ,~.".,:":::;~.-~!.p,, ..:~·.'.~.~~'.:·'-Va liey ~~sA::~:~~;ie~~t~z;'R~;~~.•··M' esentative Danny Pina, Demo-
;.-" -. "8,,0 Y'C.D\ '.t ~dvances ~:~icc~~rr~:ai~~~it:::;~senatorial candidate and past
(Alamo~ Texas)--T;,eRty sto- de, according to Orendain. The Arizona. UNICEF chairwomanres In ttl~';Rlo Grande Valley list includes Rivas, (two stohave agr'eed to handle no scab' res) and McAllenGroce:ybothCal1for~a :lettuce or grapes in ·McAllen. -...according :to Antonio Orend- In Edinburg, Salazar's'ain, Texas. organizer for the Rivas and Valle~ Mart;, i~UFWA. San Juan, La Tienda Ama-
Three of the biggest stores . 111a and Rodrigues' Market;agreed to the boycott K-Mart. in Rio Grande City ValleyKroger l·amily Center ~d Mart have all agreed to ho-Globe, all in McAllen, agre- nor the boycott.ed to the boycott. Rivas Markets are also
"Victories over these by located in Pharr, Weslaco andpicketing gave us a strong San Benito.tool in negotiating with thf;L other stores agreeing toother stores.'" Orendain said. boycott in Weslaco; Central
Among the other markets Food Market and Robles.there are several that do a Caceres Market in EI-h~avy volume of Chicanos tu- sa also joined the boycott.
.' LABOR ANDMOVEMEN_TNEWS
Meany, Kirklandre-elected
BAL HARBOUR, Fla.--Oil companies have, so abused thepublic trust that it is time for the United States to decide ifthe oil industry should be brought under federal regulationsthe AFL-CIO Maritime Trades Dept. declared October 10:"It is time to recognize that the oil industry cannot be trustedto act in our best interest."
. The oil industry this week lias been reporting some of itshighest profits in years, putting in question the necessity ofrecent price increases for petroleum. Some of the Whoppingprofits for the 3.month period ending September 30 include:-Exxon, an 80 per cent profit gain, or $638 million--GUlf, a 91 per cent profit gain, or $231 million_ '
Publ ic mood darker
The mood of the American public is growing more pessimistic,~according to the latest Gallup Poll. Important factors contributing to the pessimism, revealed the survey include: (1) D,:clining confidence in the way the nation is gove:ned"(2) frustration over. unsolved national problems, and (3) widespr~ad lack of faith m.key American institutions, especially bigbusmes.s ~nd la?or UnIons. 43% of the Americans surveyed arenot satisfied With the future facing themselves and their families, a figure'll% higher than it was 10 years ago.
Nixon aided ITTRecent disclosures have indicated that Nixon personally .
intervened in a 1971 antitrust case involving International Tel.ephone and Telegraph Corp., the conglomerate which subsequently gave $100,,000 to the 1972 GOP Convention. Nixonreportedly ordered then Attorney General Kleindienst not toappeal a court ruling favorable to ITT_ Sec. of State of California Edmund G. Brown has renewed his efforts to bringcharges against the huge corporation_
Oil industry abuses
forrights
Fightciv il
Sulphite and Paper Mill Wo~kers. He now heads the Pulpand Paper Sections of the International Federation ofChemical and General Workers Unions.
Shanker, 45, is presidentof the United Federation' ofTeachers Local 2, as wellas first vice president of the, HOr:'or,ing Dr~, 1(, ingAFT_ He led strikes in theNew York City schools that B.A~ HARBOUR" -Fia~-- The AFL-CIO has urged that thehad nationwide impact. blr.th.day of Martin Luther King, Jr. should be observed as an'
Stetin, 63, was born in Po. offiCial hollday_ AproposaloftheAFL-CIOconvention endorsedland, now lives in Paterson. ~ffortsof various states to commemorate the civil rights leaderN.J., and was a charter mem~ .ber of Dyers Local 1733. He 'h~lped lead an organizingdrive that formed the TextileWorkers Union of America.and became its president inJune, 1972.
BAL HARBOUR, FLA_--TqeAFL-CIO called on its affiliates to back up labor's commitment to equal employmentopportunity and civil rightsat the bargaining table, inthe union hall, and in thecommunity at large.
The continuing goal, a con- .vention resolution affirmed,is to wipe 'out all vestigesof discrimination in the workplace.
Collective bargaining agreements and upgrading procedures should be scrutinizedto make sure they uconformto equal employment standards_"
Sound affirmative action andmanpower programs were cited as a means "to help .openthe opportunities {or upward
,mobility for minority youthand workers." ,
The convention called onunion$, central bodies, building trades and industrialunion councils to utilize theservices of the AFL- CIO Human Resources DevelopmentInstitute.
the action will end once andfor all Sears' 'profits before people' approach to labor management relations"Johnson said. '
"All California workershave a vital stake In the fightpresently being carried by600 San Francisco Bay AreaTrade unionists," Henningsaid.
"If Sears' corporate management, seated in its Chicago headquarters, is allowedto scorn the nation's basiclabor laws and dictate termsthat undermine prevailingwage and working conditionpractices in this area, especially during a time of runaway inflation, the wages andworking conditions of all California workers will be injeopardy," Henning added_
Henning urged California's1-6 million AFL-CIO unionmembers "to encourageSearsmanagement to get down tothe business of bargaining ingood faith by refusing to shopat Sears stores in all counties in which they've beenput on the 'We Don't Patron-. /
Ize' list until a satisfactorycontract is ratified by theworkers.'"
at Sears'
and Sol Stetin, president ofthe Textile Workers Unionof America.
The convention unanimouslyapproved their, names alongwith 30 other council members, 24 of whom were reelected and six who were elected by the convention for thefirst time after having beennamed by the council to fillvacancies since the 1971 convention_
Tonelli, 67, was born inGrove City, Pa_, and becamean organizer in New YOrkCity for the former Pulo.
November 16, 1973
BAL HARBOUR, FLA_--AFLCIO President George Meanyand Secretary - TreasurerLaine Kirkland were unanimously re- elected as the topofficers of the federation forthe next two years along with33 vice-presidents, three ofwhom will sit on the Executive Council for the first time_
The three new council members, are Joseph P_ Tonelli,president of the United Paperworkers International UnionAlbert SHanker, first vicepresident of the AmericanFederation of Teachers (AFT)
10 EL MALeRIADO •
Sears stores have beenplace'd on the "We Don't patronize" list by AFL-CIOCounty Central Labor Councils having jurisdiction in 44of California's 58 counties.the California Labor Federation, AFL-CIO announced today.
The action against Sears"the world's largest retailquest of LocalllOO ofthe AFLCIO Department Store Em-,ployees Union, one of six sallFrancisco Bay Area unionsthat have been attempting invain to negotiate a contractwith Sears for more than twomonths.
"The unions' efforts have,been hamstrung by Sears' insistence on dictating termsfrom its Chicago headquarters that would undercut prevailing wages and workingconditions," Walter Johnson,executive officer of LocalllOOsaid.
"Sears Roebuck must nowanswer to the consumers regarding their adamant anti-union stand. Sears' restrictive national policies shouldbe condemned by all fairminded citizens. Hopefully
'Don't shop
(, , ) I j ,
Out with Nixon
Poison paint bill
ment," said a joint statementsigned by 30 House Democrats.
other grounds for impeachment are weighty. They include:
-The secret, illegal bomb-ing of Cambodia: '
-Illegal surveillance! of citizens (the "Houston Plan»).
- The San Clemente/ KeyBiscayne renovations of $10million tax dollars, under theguise of increasE'd security..
-Secret donations to the 1972Nixon campaign.
-Nixon's intervention in theITT antitrust case.
- The Nixon wheat deal withthe Soviet Union.
- Illegal impoundments byNixon of funds appropriatedby Congress.
How has the President responded to tlie mounting political crisis? Says Nixon,"The tougher it gets, the cooler I get."
Consumers pay more for The alleged political con-milk as the result of alleged tributions to Nixon's re-elecillegal corporate "political tion campaign could run ascontributions" from the na- high as two million dollars.tion's largest dairy coopera- The matter is being investive, according to sworn al- tigated by the Senate Waterlegations now in the hands gate committee, the Waterof federal investil;.ltors. gate prosecution force, the
The milk deal which gave FBI, the Internal RevenueSerproducers 27 cents per hun- vice and the General Accountdredweight increase in federal ing Office..supports, was granted by then Rose's allegations are conSecretary of Agriculture Clif- tained in pretrial testimonyford Hardin on March 25,1973 given in a tangled federal courtreversing a thirteen day old lawsuit in Kansas City,deciSion not to grant price Rose said illegal moneyincreases.. went as legal fees from the
The allegations now under milk coop to Stuart Russell.investigation were made by who secretly converted theJoseph A.. Rose, Jr., a San fees to cash and checks andAntonio, Texas, lawyer who returned them to Robert Lilwas fired from his job with ly," the chief staff officer ofAssociated Milk Producers, the coop's influential politicalInc., in early September. arm.
-El MALeR IADO. November 16, 1973 I I
Sour milk deal
and cries for impeachmenthave rung out from the depths.of "Middle America." Rep.C, J. Moorhead of Glendale"one of California's most conservative and staunchly Republican areas, has also beenbombarded with letters urgingNixon's impeachment. Onesuch letter from a housewiferead: "Voted twice for Nixon..Request your support of impeachment. Sick, sick, sick."
A record 71,000 telegramspoured into Washington duringthe first 36 hours after thefiring of Cox ~
The "firestorm" did haveits effect. In a surprise reversal of a Nixon decision,the President agreed to relinguish the tapes. This didnot difuse the impeachmentcampaign, "however. uThePresident's belated action removes orily one of the groundson which we sought impeach-
"::I LIED, CH6RTED, AND COI?RUPrISD"'O 6£T WHER£ :r: AM, AND NO FOOlCfJNGI{ESS IS GOING"'-O -rAK£ I1"AwAY FJrot-1 Me,"
Tax reforms urgedThe AFL-CIO convention proposed a tax reform which
would produce an estimated $20 billion in additional revenue" while closing present tax loopholes. The nine reformsinclude: (1) enactment of an excess profits tax, (2) removalof the ceiling on taxatiem of the rich, and (3) eliminationof tax subsidies for 'corporations investing and profitingoverseas.' '
Standing and cheering, the 900 delegates to the recentAFL- CIO national convention in Bal Harbour, Florida approveda resolution asking President Nixon to resign and demandinghis impeachment if he did not. By aclamation, without adissenting voice, the delegates approved a statement bythe Executive Council calling on Nixon to step down "forthe good of the nation."
The statement also asked Congress to hold up consideration of Nixon's Vice- Presidential designate, Representative Gerald R. Ford (R- Michigan) because "a Presidentwho has placed himself on the brink of impeachment shouldnot be allowed to name his successor until the charges againsthim have been disposed of satisfactorily."
Nixon's wage vetoThe AFL-CIO convention expressed labor's outrage at
Nixon's veto of the minimum wage bill, charging it wasthe payoff to companies that "sought to buy cheap laborwith their generous--and sometimes illegal--gifts to theNixon political campaign'!
Nixon's war powers -On Oct 24 Nixon vetoed a bill which would have limited
the powers ~f the President to engage in military actionsabroad.." The bill would have required the termination within 60 days of any military action not approved by Cengress.
twASHINGTON D.C.-- Final congressional approval was givenoct. 24, to a bill aimed at protecting children from poison'ng by lead-based paint. Many children have died or suffered permanent brain damage from eating pealing paint,jprimarily in the nation's ghettos. Breathing dust fromsuch paint is also hazardous, witnesses revealed.
The bill authorizes spending $125 million over a two~ear period on finding and eliminating sources of the healthhazard: The measure directs the Department of Health,Education and Welfare to prohibit the use of lead paint inhouses that get federal aid and in the manufacture of toysand utensils. The health bill has now been sent to the WhiteHouse for approval.
criesImpeachmenw!~Ch he.l and fury lh.l
First disbelief and confu- "worldwide alert i". Nixon Nixon's Chief of Staff couldsion, then outrage and anger had seriously miscalculated' only liken it toa 'firestorm'." "swept the nation as President- public/tolerance level. As On OCtober 23, eight dif-Nixon refused a court order a San Francisco paper de- ferent resolutions were intro-to surrender Whitehouse tapes scribed it: "Impeachment had duced in _the House of Rep-fired special prosecutor Ar- SUddenly grown from a whis- resentatives calling for 'Nix-chibald Cox, and then ordered per to a roar and the wind on's impeachment. Impeach-U.S. military forces on a swirled across the country ment is basically a call forr. investigation which requires
only a simple majority in theHouse.
Senators and congressmenhave been sharp in their attacks on the President. Senator Harrison A.. Williams(Dem-N..J.), said that Nixon'sactions were ua.IT106 remifiiiscent of a beleaguered man ina bunker destroying himself,Itan obvious allusion to AdolfHitler. Ron Dellums and Phillip Burton called for impeachment at a. rally in Berkeleywhich was attended by representatives of the UnitedFarm Workers, the Longshoremen, and other groups.
Labor has been particularlystrong in expressing its outrage at Nixon's latest ma-"peuvers.. FL-CIO PresidenGeorge Meany stated: "Theevents of the last several daysprove the dangerous emotionalinstability of the President."Leaders of the InternationalLongshoremen, the United Auto Workers, and the UnitedMine Workers have joined inwith calls for impeachment.
Along with Labor, five American religious leaders haveissued statements criticizing I
'Nixon and calling on Congressto take some action. Thedeans of 17 law schools signeda petition asking Congress tocreate a committee to "consider the necessity" of impeaching Mr. Nixoii~ Meanwhile the president of thepowerful American Bar Association accused Nixon oftrying to "abort the established processes of justice."
In yet another action, theAmerican Civil Liberties Union has launched an impeachment campaign which has received greater response thanany appeal in the organization's history. After runninga full-page ad in various California papers, the ACLUwas
:nooded with over l,OOOlett-ersand contributions of some $9thousand for the impeachmentdrive.
Public reaction to Nixon'santics has been tremendous,
Nation~
Huge corporations that havecome onto the Navajo reservation to exploit reserves ofoil, natural gas, coal, anduranium are supposed to givepreference for jobs to Navajos. But the majority ofworkers in most ofthese companies are non-Navajos.
In the past, Navajos havebeen shortchanged on jobseven in construction projectson the reservation. for example, the giant Four Corn~rsPower Complex, which feedselectricity using Navajo coalto big Southwestern cities,was built with only 8 per centNavajo construction crews.
Small business exploitationon the reservation is alsorife. About 80% ofthe generalstores on the reservation arecontrolled by outsiders withlittle competition and highprices. . . ..
And so the Navajo nation,like· other struggling nationsof the world, suffer the injustice and exploitation of asystem dominated by the in~
terests of big business andtheir representatives inWashington. What responsethe findings of the Commissionon Civil Rights will get fromWashington remains to beseen. It is not easy to rectify the history of 400 years.
Aweakness of that earliercoalition, she underlined, wasthe black Americans wererarely consulted "on the real
'substantive decisions!' Areconstruct'ed coalition withfull participation is neededrestore American governm~nt
to the people, she said."The coalition will be a
conglomerate of men andwomen, black, brown.. red,.White, rich and poor people:people who are determined.that their home, the UnitedStates of Ameiica, shall behabitable, shall be livable,shall be st~ong and shall be
i free.»
r'...-,
to build a reservation irrigation system it approved in1962.
The capita income of Navajos 'is less than $1,000 ayear. to terms ofbuying poweran average Malaysian is betteroff.
Half of the Navaj.o population lives in rented houses ofone or two rooms. Eachho.us~ averages five occupants. 60% have no::- electricity. 8 out of 10 have nowater or sewers. The tribeestimates that 19,281 newhouses are needed to meetthe minimum U. S. standards.
Unemployment is staggeringly high among the Navajos.While the national unemployment rate last year was 5.6%the percentage of the Navajo workforce out of work oremployed only part time was56%.
she warned, "we may seenothing less than the system.atic dismant11Bg and destruction of the great socialprograms and the greatprecedents of humanitariangovernment."
"1 dream of an Americawhere people care whether youlive or die,N she told theconference. To make it real,she urged the reconstructionof the "coalition of minoritygroups, the trade union movement and liberalsN that hadmade government under F.D.Roosevelt work on behalf of thepeople.
BAL HARBOUR, Fla.--An eloquent black woman fromTexas, elected to Congresslast year with labor support,brought convention delegatesto their feet cheering -witha call for a new people'scoalition to turn the Americandream into reality.'
Rep. BarbaraJordan spokebitterly of the Nixon Administration's attempt to abandonthe federal government'scommitment to programs setup to help people.
Unless Congress canassert itself as an effective,equal branch of government.
Navajo poverty revealed
Call for new ~oalition gets ovation
WINDOW ROCK, ARIZONA -Holding its first hearings on·an Indian reservation, the U.S. Commission on Civil Rightsrecently looked at. the Navajonation, 137,000 strong, as ifit were a separate' country.The commission' found it tobe strikingly comparable toThird World couatries in Latin America, Africa, and Asia- - impoverished, exploited,and despite natural resources,headed toward bankruptcy~
Some 128,000 Navajos liveon or adjacent to the largestreservation in the U. S. Aboutthe size' of West Virginia, itis noted by tourists for itsnatural beauty, its silversmiths, and its rug weavers.
But an economic and socialstudy conducted by the Commission made public recentlypaints a bleak portrait ofpoverty and despair, joblessness and alcnholism, andmost important, neglect andbetrayal by the Federal Government, on which the Navajos, by treaty, were madedependent for survival.. The tribe has rights, for
. example, to Colorado Riverwater which would make thousands of fertile acres out ofthe now desert-like reservation lands."But canals and irrigation systems are neededto make use of it. And while
surrounding white ranchers andindustries take increasinglympre of that water, Congresswill not grant enough money
and the Bahamas. Then therecame the news that each timethe President travels fromcoast to coast it costs the taxpayer more than $46,000.
Under testimony on OCtober16, a spokesman for the Navyreported tl1at the costs to op.erate a retreat at Camp Davidhave more. than quadrupledsince Nixon took office.
Novembe~ 16, 1973
stepped up their tactics to methods right out of the sciencefiction books•••The objectiveof this horror is [~;)- lold. Oneis to destroy the prisoners whorefuse to voluntarily submit todehumanization and the otheris to scare some into submission by the horrors inflictedon others.» .SPRING FIELD,Mo.-The" Si:iecffie Tr-eatment andRehabilative TraiDtng .m,TART) program is· one of many suchprograms in the nation~s prisons. To carry it out, theprison system has used drugs,beatings, isolation and tortureto correct ffantisocial behavior."
START is aimed at militants, radicals and troublemakers.
Opposition is also growingto the proposed new Centerfor the study and Reduction ofViolence at the University ofCalifornia at Los Angeles(UCLA). The resistance wastriggered by announcementsthat the "use ofpsychosurgeryon a selected basisW would bepermitted at the Center in order to study how to alter thebehavior of prisoners "withtendencies toward violent be-havior••,
home sec.urityPre$ ident ia I
Prisoners fightdehuman izat ion
"When this unity came, theauthorities began to changetactics to 'pacification'; thegreat number of prisonerswere beaten by the guards orthrown into little 'holes' fortime.
"The pacification of certainprisoners has not worked effectively,
"Now the officials have
With food, medical andhousing costs reaching newheights for most Americans,it's no wonder that Nixon'slife- style' offends many ofthose who foot the bilI.
On August 7the White Housewas pressured to announcethat nearly $10 million hadbeen spent on Nixon's privatehomes in California•. Florida·'12 EL MALeR IADO •
"At one time the old methodof 'divide and conquer' wasused effectively by the officialsin prisons. They would sowracial tensions throughout theprisons to keep the prisonersdivided and fighting themselves.
"With prisoners in thisstate of mind, ~he authoritieshad no fear of them ever becoming politically aware, rea·lizing·· why they were really inprison and wondering why therich were not since they alsobroke laws. They had noreason to fear the prisoners wondering Why they got paid' slavewages' for first rate work.
"Then awareness made itsway to the prisoners by way ofmusic and new prisoners fromthe street who had witnessedthe struggle outside or hadeven been pa.rt of it."
lashesmedia
Nixonout at"You won't have me to kick
around anymore," whimperedNixon after he had lost theCalifornia gubernatorial elections in 1962. But that wasmore than a decade ago, far
-from the ornate splendor ofthe East Room and the auraof the Presidency. An arrogant, icy-cool Nixon confronted the media once again inlate October. accusing thepress -and television networksof the most "outrageous, vicious, distorted reporting" hehad ever witnessed.
Confronted with difficultquestions about the Mid-East,Watergate, Rebozo. and theceneral mood of the country,Nixon explained that things"do tend to get under theskin of the man who holdsthis office•••but I have learnedto expect it.-I have what ittak~s."
He expressed his confidencein Americans' ability toweather the recent storm, butplaced further blame on· themedia by stating: . "Whenpeople are -pounded night after night with that kind offrantic, hysterical reporting,it naturally shakes their confidence."
Smiling coldly at the pressconference, Nixon explained:"Don't get the impression thatyou arouse my anger. Yousee, one can only be angrywith those he respects."
_' The President seems tohave little respect for themedia, a point of growingconcern for many AmericansWho fear possible encroachment on the basic rights ofexpression. The latest California Poll shows that 67%of the pUblic feel the presscoverage of Watergate hasbeen fair .~.
vated by concern that statelaws designed to protect women against exploitation andoppressive working conditionswould be nullified. Many ofthese laws had been passedwith labor support in the earlyyears of the trade union movement before there was a federal wage-hour law or safetyand occupational health stan-dards. '
Making the case for ratification of the amendment, theconvention resolution citedcontinued discrimination against and exploitation of wo-
-men workers. and noted that.their average wage is only60 percent of the average formen.
The AFL- CIa amended itsown constitution at the convention to make clear thatthe benefits of unionism shallbe shared by all workers without regard to sex.
Danger drug
AFL-CIO ,DEFENDS WOMENS' RIGHTS
AS has been the case withexperimental contraceptives
, 1n Puerto Rico, MeXico andother Third World areas, Depo- Provera has been usedprincipally among low-incomewomen treated by familv planning Clinics and among thementally retarded.
The Center for Law andSo-,cial Policy, a public interestlaw firm, investigated the useof the drug for contraceptionin several places in TennesseWhere they found evidence ofcoercion by welfare workerson some of the women.
A Senate subcommittee onfavorable antitrust ruling health is concerned about thefrom the government. potential dangers of the drug
Rebozo himself, in an inter- and has strongly criticized itsview Nov. I, admitted that if approval. Senator Edwardthe Internal Revenue Service Kennedy chargd that ,..therehad not become interested in is real danger that this decithe contribution, "the money sion will result in widespread ~~~~~"~~~~""'-lllIIIwould have been used in the use of Depo- Provera in insti- Ed tor see ing or ginal '74 congressional campaign!' tu,tions for the mentallyretar-_ stories and poems by Chicano
As well as receiving the ded and in health clinics ser- writers in English or bi-$500,000 contribution, Mr. ving the poor and; uneducated' lingual for anthology ofNixon's friend has been ac- Chicano literature. Allcused of selling over $300,000 royalties donated to Unitedwort~ of stock stolen by the Restaurant Farm Workers. Write:Mafia. Real Colima Dr. Dorothy E- Harth De-
R b . b k 74 Porter uri ve - ,e OZO IS a an er and own Watsonville partment of Modern Lan-the only bank in Key Biscayne I\uthent~~·-~~kinq guages, Onondaga CommunityFlorida. Questions are now from the state of' College, Syracuse, New- Yorkbeing raised why a rival bank Col ima College, Syracuse, Newwas refused a charter to open ..._M_anu_el_c_ah_ero_v_,._o_wn_er__~_--:J York 13215by federal officials. 'I .....---- .....
The Food and Drug Administration has approved for useas birth control a drug originally licensed for other purposes. Depo-Provera, an injectible medication made bythe Upjohn Co., has been associated with sterility and withb.lnn.rlclots as well as with producing breast cancer in exper~
iments with dogs.
Nix-on defends Bebe
WASHINGTON-- PreSIdentNixon said Oct. 26 thaLhisclose friend,- C.G. Rebozo,showed"very good jUdgement" in holding a $500,000campaign contribution fr.ombillionaire Howard Hughes for3 years before returning it.He called Rebozo a "totallyhonest man."
Nixon maintained that hisclose friend held the moneywithout ever once mentioningit to him, conceding that thismight "sound incredible tomany people.';
One Hughes aide, RichardG• Danner, has testified thatthe funds were contributed ata time Hughes was seeking a
BAL HARBOUR, FLA.--Thecampaign for ratification ofthe Equal Rights Amendment
Congress, about the people. to the Constitution--to pro-They thought they could mani- hibit all forms of sex discri-
pulate-- everybody and they mination--will have the labormanipUlated nobody!' movement's full support.
The national reaction was Delegates to the AFL- CIa'ssuch that Nixon made a histor- lOth Convention were convinedic turnabout and agreed to the as the resolution stated, thatcourt decision to turn over the the proposed constitutional a-9 tapes in question. mendment "has become a sym
But just when it seemed that bol of commitment to equalthe air would be finally clear(>d opportunities for women andanother blow was dealt the -equal status for women."pursuit of justice. The White Three- fourths of the statesHouse reported to the courts must ratify a constitutionalthat regretably the two criti- change and the Equal Rightscal tape conversations (with Amendment is currently eightJ obo Dean and John Mitchem states ~hort of the goal. The
were nof"among'the tapes. fulfill- conve,ntlOn ~all~d on AFL-C;rothe suspicions of some critics central bodIes 10 states that
- . have not yet ratified the a-th~t Nixon had the i~criminatlOg mendment to "urge their le-eVIdence destroyed.: gislatures to act favorably
At present an investigation upon the measure.~·
is attempting to determine how Past conventions had takenand why the tapes are missing. an opposite position -- moti-Testimony by an FBI agent re-lates that all the tapes were"loaned" to Nixon's aide, Hal-derman, some weeks before.
MeanWhile, Nixon has appointed a new prosecutor forthe Watergate investigation,Leon Jaworski of Texas.
Increasingly militant, theCongress is demanding th~t
the new investigator be independent of both the Presidentand the Congress; someonewhom Nixon can't fire.
Watergate tapestangle Nixon I
The Watergate investigationhas again fiared ,up in Washington, signally an even higherlevel of confrontation betweenPresident Nixon and the American people. Standing on theshaky principle of executivepriviledge, Nixon has subverted the will of the courts, hasfailed to surrender needed information, fired the prosecutor he himself appoi~t~~·
forced the resignation of Attorney General Richardsonand thumbed his nose at allc~1ticism from the Americanpeople and its press.
The confrontation -centersaround 'the tape recordingsthat Prosecutor Archibald-Coxand Senator Sam Ervin weretrying to acquire as evidencein the Watergate investigation•.Nixon refused to let go of thetapes. Federal district CourtJUdge Sirica ruled that thetapes must be turned over.
Again Nixon refused andwent to a court of appeals. Hedid not receive a favorablethere and proposed a compr~mise to Cox--giving him a selected interpretation of thetapes with the important condition that Cox give up any further attempts to solicit WhiteHouse documents._ Cox didn't buy the deal anddetermined to finish the jobfor which he had been appointed. So the President orderedRichardson to fire Mr'tox.Tothe nation's surprise Richardson refused to do so and instead resigned himself.
The buck was passed on tonext-in-Charge William Ruckelhaus. He too resigned ratherthan be the hatchet man. Finally the No. 3 man, Bork, tookNixon's order and fired Cox.
IfAnd so ended,"wrote aSanFrancisco journalist, "Saturday, Oct. 20, 1973, in the 197thyear of the Republic. Theworld's oldest democracy nowhad no vice president, no attorney general, no outsideforce to probe the suspectedsins of its government and noearly promise of surcease."
A man from the Justice Department summed it aU qpwhen he said about the WhiteHouse, "They made four basic miscalCUlations, all aboutpeople. About Cox, about Mr.Richardson, about members of
EL MALCRIADO November 16, 1973 13
. -... ,the spy, McKenllan, fourteenMollies were :imprisoned •
Official records show thatnineteen men-- some guiltyand some innocent-- were ex"ecuted. Said Mr 'Cowan: "Thename of Molly 'Maguire being·attached to any mant~ name I , , ' '
is sufficient to h hi" HariJans are the farmworkers of India with similar problems--ang m little money, many debts.
Nove~berl·6 1973 EL MALCRIADO 14
Peas'aJltBondage .Persi'sts, in India',Like the campesino who is semi-feudalism, in our state 'To buy chile.s....in thevillae:e.
always in debt to the contra- and others, It Professor Pra- to buy gifts for his children:tista, or the workers caught ,sad said. who range from 4 to 10, Paranin small company towns of an "The poor are still illiter- Paswan must plead for a loanearlier day and who were al-' ate; They see the landlord as from- his landlord.ways in debt to the company a virtual savior who gives Every 'few weeks Paran Pastore, thE hat:iians ofIndia are them the food they need, the swan is able to find temporaryalways in debt to their land- money they need. The land- work making bricks in the viI-'lords. lord takes their women, he lage. The handful of rupees
The harijans, like the farm beats their children. The poor that he earns goes to the boss.workers of this country, are have accepted it. But slOWly "During the rainy seasonfarmers without land and toil hopefully, it is c~anging~'" there's no work anywhere, inin permanent debt to the rich. According to some obseI'- the fields or in the village,The debt does not die with the vers, change is happening. he says. "Then I beg for foodman, but is passed on to his "Previously only a frown ' from the landlord.1t
sons, so that the harijan can- ,from a landlord would bring Paswan says he doesn'tnot look to a future of hope for the landless to submission. know much about government, ,his children.- ,Now the landlords have to as- 'Qut several years agoattemp- '
The powerful system 01bon- sault the poor to keep them in ted to vote.dage has no legal basis in law place. Perhaps this is prO- ~ "People said I could vote.in India. But cust~m, illiter-- gress,"a politician said. :1 went to the school and they'acy, corruption and political To the landless laborers ini said. 'Go, "go we have givenmanipulation have merged, to the village of Ranisarai, how-, your vote away.' ~e nevermake a system dominant in d fi i t d t
been able to vote."ever, e ance s mu e • Bu
'b~ckland states. dispair and sullen anger I!;rip , Two friends sat nearby lis-Now., 26 years after Indian the village of 22 homes about tening to Paswan's words.One
independence, the system 35 miles east of Patna. said, tlIt's in our blood to re-shows few signs of dying. "The landlord lives in'Mo-' main satisfied with what we
Bondage engulfs a peasant, ha_mmedpur, over there,"said ge~" ..... The secondJriend an..:in permanent debt to a land- , !~ar~lD , Paswan, pointing to an SW~d furiously~ "I'nulot sa-,lord. By keeping wages low -adjoining villag~.-· 'iHe's a ,-ti",tioti wi~h anylhin$. I have.-:and forcing peasants to beg< rajput, I'm a harifann When I Dissahsfaction extends tofor, loans they can never repay, need, anything, I ask him. He education where the fee!ing is_:the landlord m~kes sure that says I'm lazy. But I'm not that education is a threat topeasants are, In per~anent lazy, I work hard.'P ,the landlords, and upper~Ondage to him and hiS own Like other harijans in the c~stes.,', '
on. ,,'Village , Paran Paswan lives· According to a prominentThese landless fa;,mers are' in a mud and straw hut with lawyer Chedi LalSathi, a Con
o~l t~e lowest, or untouch- his family' The family of gress party official who works~o :umClass and,:u:eestimated four child;en arise about 5 with lower castes, "Ifhar-ijan: EffO:t~rt:5c~~~I~~~ s stem each morning to work in the ,learn their rights, if they be.-and politicize th la dl fie~ds that turn fiercely hot by come Iltl:!ratEt, then exploita-
e ness 10 a.m ' tion will have to stop":have b.~_~, met in s.ev~al'· '''If they become ~ducatedstates by murder, rape .and Their payment is food; each then who will do the meniaiterror. Nearly 200 hariJans day the family usually re- jobs the servants' work? Whare mureered,eac~year. ma.ny ,ceives two and a half pounds; will'accept the condition~ an~ 'of them followmg disputes With of wheat. wages that hariJ'ans t lerat ?"landowners. 0 ,e"
"The vfolence is rising,step by step it is increasing."said Prof. Pradhan Prasad,an economist who works at theA.N. Sinha Institute of Socialnstudies in Patna, the capitalof the state of Bihar. '
"It is the indebtedness and 'bondage that is the crux of1h~
Leaders were arrested andcharged with the crimes)'ranklin B. Gowan, president of theleading coal company, actedas court prosecutor Withthe unsupported testimony of
Spies and "Jusitce"
The coal companies hireda spy James MCParian ""housed the naQle of James McKenna and infiltrated the Mollies' He gained their con-fidence by-suggesting worse _,forms of terror and intimi-
dation and' eventually becametheir secretary. A series ofviolent murders took place ~----------and the' blame was placedon,the Mollies.
of strikes resulted in the arrest of its leaders, JohnSineyand ~ingo Parks, fQr violation,of the PennsylvaniaantL-unlon ,criminal conspiracy law,
The Molly Maguires
The Irish anthracite coalminers turned to their ItAncient Order, of Hibernians" ,(Who had led the strugglesIn the 18405 against the '~n- ,
,croachment of the English,landlordS-In Ireland)' Knowna,s the Molly ,Maguires, theImmigrant miners adapted theII Order" to continue theirstruggle against the mine"owners. They ran the strlke- ,breakers out of the coal fields.
They turned to derailing,mine 'cars and burning breakers. They lived in the hills'and sniped mine supervisers and unpopular foremen.Injuries and deaths in mine
disasters were news -itemsthatf~quently shocked the nation.. Working conditions werehazardous. There were' nos!lfe~ards "The illiterate migrants were unable to reacfany safety instructions"
Each miner was responsiblefor his own safety, as hecrawled undergrbund with adim-lighted lantern in mud,,t!i~kling water, s':!rroundedby coal dust ' and powder'smoke. The workers wereexploited ruthlessly' :.
Deductions were made fromiheir meager wages, leavingtpem completely in debt' to'the coal operators'Languageb~rriers prevented the new'arnvalS~trom organIzing.
The Miners' National Association failed after a series
The Molly Ma~t~es met secretly to plan
Labor 'H istory:
Vi91ence Aga inst Min ersDuring the mOats few em
bryonic unions survived ' theravages of time' The timeswere not ready for the national union. Those that survived were weak fighting instruments against the attacksof media, legislators, , andbusiness interests.
By 1870 powerful financialsyndicates, were In controlof much of the industry.'Thousands of povertr:§trlcken immigrant Slavs and 1-,taUans, were encouraged towork in America with promises of good paying jobs. Theywere herMd Into trains byhundreds, and,were.used asreplacements for Irish labororganizers in the coal mines. ,
Dangerous Working Conitions
Service Centerenforces litt I'ekno.wn law'Esther Valle, speaking from' was not re.ceivlng the neces
her room at the Leon Peters sary care at the LouisianaRehabilitation Center, :it the Chartty Hospital, where sheFresno Community Hospital, was taken after the accident·remains in good spirits. She that caused her injuries.says her doctor has indicated Ann McGregor and Pat Halthat surgery will be fruitless, loran, of the National Farmsince damage has already Workers Service Center cUdbeen done but is not discour- the paper work necessary toaged. She is now going to effect the transfer. They alsophysical therapy twice a day filled out forms required forfor strengthening exercises. obtaining Aid to Families with
Ms. Valles was brought to Dependent Children (AFDC),.the Fresno Community Hosp- MediCal, food stamps on anital after Dr. Gary Okomoto of immediate basis, and filed apof the Rodrigo Terronez . plications for Social SecurityMemorial Clinic at the Forty disability, State disabilityAcres in Delano decided she and/or Aid to the TotallyDis-
abled (ATD) on behalf of the'Valle family.
During their work on thetransfer, they found they wouldneed a medical team an airambulance, a ground carrier,plus a MediCal number, provider numbers for air ambulance servi~e and close to$2,000.
Commer(:ial air ambulanceswanted the money in advance,others had no provider numberMediCal sai "NO" they could'not foot the air costs.
Dr. Dippolett, head of theMediCal Review Team in FreSno encouraged the transfer,and promised to co- operate"We'.ve no choice,we'll do it,1he said•
Dr. Okamoto, and David Den- _nis, contact attorney in New
, Orleans, were able to get theDelta Steel-Houston, (insura.-
nce company for the truckingfirm involved in the accident)to pay for the transportation.
CNA arranged fortheSchaefer Air Ambulance, one rehabilitation registered nurse, twomedical technicians. one pilotand one co-pilot to transferMs. Valle, accompanied by herhusband Carlos Valle, fromthe New Orleans Charity Hospital to Fresno where she waspicked up byJ ones Ambulance.
That same day MedCal foundthat it is possible to take theresponsibility of transporting'a sick state resident, but arrangements had already beenmade through CNA. However,MedfCal did .pay the entire billat the Loufsfana hospital.
Ann McGregor says the Program Directors of these agencies are "completely ig-
norant", or claim to be, of theresponsibilities to their clients. "We have to come in andtell the heads of the programswhat their job is. They arepaid to act in the best interest of their clients and don't."
"By law it is the responsibility of each county to return disabled patients to theirhomes," she says, "neitherNew O~leans nor Kern Countywanted to accept that responsibility." With perseverence on the part of the National Farm Workers ServiceCenter, a little-known statelaw was enforced.
•
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KEENE, CA.• 93531
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CARNEGIE HALL POSTER30 X 48 " $3.00
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MAN OF COURAGELife of Cesar Chavez,for children.
'5 EL MALCRIADO November 16 !973
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pressure. One after anotherknuckled under to the demandsof the union barbarians."(Growers are not the onlypeople to have "the growermentality". Have you seenany articles about supermarket managers, anti-UFWApoliticians, etc., that show howthey are really growersat heart? Send them in tothe Union Resetach Dept,P. O. Box 62, Keene, Ca...93531 !! -
November 16, 1973EL MAL9RIADO16
From Desert Rancher:
Arizona Farmer-Ranchman:
Desert Rancher:"The only ones missing in
the new Chavez 'cabinet' areTed Kennedy and Msgr.George Higgins," observed alocal grape grower in commenting about the unsurprising results of the first nat-ional convention of theAFL-CIO United Farm Workers of America.'t
Editorial: "The other day Iconsumed tVJo potinds of 59cent grapes. How come? Because I'm not going to letCesar Chavez run my life;"thatts how come.
Fog-headed volunteers and$75-a-week hired goons havebeen picketing some Safewaystores. Customers are urged,with insults and handbills andcrude placards I not to patronize Safeway. . Well, I wouldmake at least one little ges-
"ture to show that I was notmisled by such flimflammeryand to prove my independence."
State Sen. H.J. Richardsonwrites about the history of ourstruggle: "Chavez picketedand agitated. The wild-eyedleftists joined in on a nationalscale. Misinformedt beguiledpeople joined the grape boycott The farm communityfought, but after a While, slowly but surely, caved in to the
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