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Introduction to Canine Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomical Vocabulary, Basic Functions and Anatomy of the DogLecture 1

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Lecture Content➔ Basic Anatomical Concepts

◆ Anatomy and Physiology terminology◆ Anatomy Scales and Levels of

Organization◆ Directional Terms◆ Anatomical Positions◆ Anatomical Planes and Axes

➔ Organs and Organ Systems◆ Nervous System

● Organization● Central NS● Reflexes● Peripheral NS● Sympathetic NS● Parasympathetic NS● Neurons and other NS Cells 2

Lecture Content (cont.)◆ Body Cavities◆ Digestive System

● Organization● Cranial Portion● Abdominal Portion● Accessory Glands

◆ Cardiovascular System ● Organization● The Blood● The Heart● Blood Vessels● Circulation

◆ Respiratory System● Organization● Conduction System● Exchange system● Respiration

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Lecture Content (cont.)◆ Urinary System

● The Kidneys● Ureters, Bladder and Urethra

◆ Reproductive System● Female Reproductive System● The Heat Cycle● Male Reproductive System● Testosterone

◆ Endocrine System● Endocrine Glands

◆ The Senses● The Sense of Sight● The Sense of Hearing● The Sense of Smell

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Canine Skeletal System and Arthrology

Anatomy and Physiology of the Skeleton and Joints of the DogLecture 2

Lecture Content➔ Basic Concepts

◆ Functions of the Skeletal System◆ Bone Tissue

● Bone Cells◆ Connective Tissue◆ Cartilage

➔ Joints◆ Synarthrosis

● Fibrous Joints● Cartilaginous Joints

◆ Synovial Joints◆ Inconstant Structures◆ Movements in Synovial Joints◆ Types of Synovial Joints

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Lecture Content (cont.)➔ Axial Skeleton

◆ Functions and Organization◆ The Skull

● Skull Bones○ Neurocranium○ Facial Skeleton

● The Mandible◆ The Vertebral Column

● Vertebrae● Cervical Vertebrae● Thoracic Vertebrae● Lumbar Vertebrae● Sacral Bone● Caudal Vertebrae and Ribs

◆ The Sternum◆ Important Ligaments of the Axial Skeleton

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Lecture Content (cont.)➔ Thoracic Limb

◆ Functions and Organizations◆ Pectoral Girdle◆ The Arm◆ The Forearm◆ The Forepaw◆ Thoracic Limbs Joints

● Shoulder Joint● Elbow Joint● Carpal Joints● Phalangeal Joints

➔ Pelvic Limb◆ Functions and Organization◆ Pelvic Girdle◆ The Leg◆ The Crus◆ The Hindpaw

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Lecture Content (cont.)➔ Pelvic Limb (cont.)

◆ Pelvic Limb Joints◆ The Hip Joint◆ The Stifle Joint◆ Tarsal Joint

➔ Statics and Dynamics◆ Basic Concepts◆ Architecture of the Trunk◆ The Forelimb◆ The Hindlimb◆ Normal Gaits of the Dog

● The Walk● The Trot● The Pace● The Gallop

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Canine Muscular System and ExerciseAnatomy and Physiology of the Muscles of the Dog and Exercise PhysiologyLecture 3

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Lecture Content➔ Basic Concepts

◆ Functions of The Muscles◆ The Sarcomere◆ Types of Muscle◆ Connective Tissue

➔ Muscles of the Head and Trunk◆ Cutaneous Muscles◆ Muscles of the Head

● Facial Musculature● Mandibular Muscles

◆ Muscles of the Neck◆ Epaxial Muscles◆ Muscles of the Thoracic Wall◆ Muscles of the Abdominal Wall◆ Muscles of the Tail

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Lecture Content (cont.)➔ Thoracic Limb

◆ General Structure◆ Girdle Musculature◆ Muscles of the Shoulder Joint◆ Muscles of the Elbow Joint◆ Muscles of the Radioulnar Joint◆ Muscles of the Carpal Joints◆ Muscles of the Digits

➔ Pelvic Limb◆ General Structure◆ Pelvic Girdle Musculature◆ Rump Muscles◆ Hamstring Muscles◆ Medial Muscles of the Thigh

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Lecture Content (cont.)➔ Pelvic Limb (cont.)

◆ Inner Pelvic Muscles◆ Muscles of the Stifle◆ Muscles of the Crus

● Cráneo Lateral Muscles● Caudal Muscles

➔ Exercise Physiology◆ What is Exercise?◆ Exercise Substrates◆ Hormonal Regulation in Exercise◆ Exercise Limiting Factors◆ Systems of the Body During Exercise

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Lecture Content (cont.)

➔ Physical exercise through life stages:◆ What happens when your dog doesn’t

exercise?◆ Why should your dog exercise?◆ Exercise tips for Puppies◆ Puppy’s Exercise Requirements◆ Considerations for Adult Dogs◆ Dog Exercise Alternatives◆ Exercise tips for Senior Dogs◆ Other ways to Exercise Senior Dogs

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