cape town hypatia v final pdf

Marco A G Andreoli, marco.andreoli@wits.ac.za

M Di Martino, J Kramers; R Gibson, A Ziegler ,V Pischedda, G Belyanin, H

Mouri, M Bamford, Z Jinnah, I Stengel, K Rumbold,

R Serra, L Chown , S Huotari

Oasis Impact crater (Libya): central ring (inner part of central peak) – Photo: RG

Constituents of the Hypatia stone

Hard amorphous C, shocked

diamonds, (size: 0.x μm* - x

nm) *Prof. S. Piazolo,

Macquarie U., pers. comm.,

2016) graphite

Moissanite + Ni-phosphide + troilite+ FeCrNi

Grains: Ti, Al, AgPI, KCl

Dispersed: Cl, V, Cr, Cu, Mo, Os, Ir

+ H2O, Cl extraterrestrial N &

“P3, G,Q” Noble Gases+ 129Xe excess + atmospheric

Ar

Length: 10.5mm

Sub-Sample // Bologna Big

In fractures: Carbonaceous matter+ REE/Ti

Target of our November 2011expedition: finding Hypatia-like diamonds in

Cenozoic continental sediments, palaeosols from the LDG area

MDM at Kamil Crater

LDG Core Area

1 km

Ti, Al, Ag Ag, Si>S, Ca, O

Si, Ag, O

PSi

Pb

Si>>Al>Ti, Ca

Ag, Si, Al, Ca

67 μm x 46 μm EMPA: C>N>S [H???]

SEM EDS: C, H >N>S, Cl, K

2D/G’ Band(s) of nanotubes?

bands D, G

SiC

1o μm

??

1o μm

Tullius: Pb (Br?) (~0.3 mm) Aeneas: SnCa>Pb>Cu alloy(~1 mm)

C

Remus: Ti ~1.27 mm

Romulus ~0.8 mm

TiN1-x

Ti

aluminum oxycarbonitride

[eutectic 1840 ⁰C]

titanium aluminide [1700 ⁰C]

Quenched gas, N? bubbles

Remus: ~1.27 mm Ag

Romulus

~0.8 mm

• Geological, pedogenic products:

• Anthropogenic (military hardware):

• Fulgurites:

• Known meteorites (ureilite) & Cosmic spherules:

• Necsa Chemist gone berserk in the lab:

native metal grains (Ti, Al, Pb, Ag, Zr, Zn, Bi) + alloys (SnCa) +

ceramics+ nitrides (TiN1-x) + carbides (CxNx-1 [S, K]*; SiC) +

+ multiwalled carbon nanotubes? + glassy PSi *& Ag-Si-Ti-Al

metal spherules

• Direct relation to the Hypatia stone:

Hypatia stone hosts comparable metals and alloys/metallic

compounds (SiC, large Ti filaments; Al metal, AgPI grains);

carbonaceous (N, S-bearing) filaments.

Hypatia: Carbonaceous filaments, metals

Ti-metal

Ce

AgPI

The parent body of the Hypatia stone might have been be a comet but NOT like any of those already sampled/investigated, i.e.:.

Comet Wild 2 …. Stardust Mission Comet 67P/Churyumov–Gerasimenko…. Rosetta Mission Comet Tempe 1 ….. Deep Impact Mission IDPs + GEMS collection…. flights by NASA, other agencies Ultracarbonaceous Antarctic Micrometeorites... Antarctic expeditions Comets 103P/Hartley 2…. EPOXI mission C/2009 P1 (Garradd)…Herschel Space Observatory