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Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy

Haneul Lee, DSc, PT

OBJECTIVE

1. Explain the principle physiological function of the pulmonary system

2. Outline the major anatomical components of the respiratory system.

3. List major muscles involved in inspiration and expiration 4. Discuss the respiratory system

Breathing…

Process that moves air in and out of the lungs, or oxygen through other breathing organs

Called ventilation, which includes both inhalationand exhalation.

Processes that deliver oxygen to where it is needed in the body and remove carbon dioxide

Steele, Joel Dorman Hygienic Physiology (New York, NY: A. S. Barnes & Company, 1888)

Serves to protect major of thecardiopulmonary system

Bony thorax provides a skeletal frame work for the attachment of the muscles

Helps to keep the lungs from collapsing due to the plural cavity

http://pixshark.com/thorax-anatomy.htm

http://pixshark.com/thorax-anatomy.htm

https://www.studyblue.com/notes/note/n/chapter-7-axial-skeleton/deck/8056232

http://antranik.org/wp-content/uploads/2011/12/organs-of-the-respiratory-system-larynx-bronchi-alveoli-diaphragm-trachea-pharynx-paranasal-sinuses.jpg

http://www.abc.net.au/health/library/stories/2010/07/29/2967396.htm

3 lobes-Upper-Middle-Lower

2 lobes-Upper-Lower

Conducting zone

A passage way for air

humidity and filter the air as it moves toward the respiratory zone of the lung

Respiratory zone

Exchange of gases between air and blood

http://image.slidesharecdn.com/respirationduringexercise-140620072750-phpapp02/95/fisiologi-senam-respiration-during-exercise-14-638.jpg?cb=1403267426

http://gallery4share.com/r/respiratory-zone.html

http://www.google.co.kr/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&ved=0CAMQjxw&url=http%3A%2F%2Fdokterayla.com%2Ftag%2Fmuscles-of

Diaphragm Primary muscle

Accessory muscles Sternocleidomastoid

Scalenius

External Intercostalis

Pectoralis

Trapezius

Serrarus

Rectus Abdominis

Obliquus Externus Abdominis

Obliquus Internus Abdominis

Transversus abdominis

Internal Intercostals

EXPIRATION

1. Diaphragm relaxes, ribs pulled downward

2. Volume of lungs decreases

3. Intrapulmonary pressure raised

INSPIRATION

1. Diaphragm pushes downward, ribs lift outward

2. Volume of lungs increases

3. Intrapulmonary pressure lowered

www.askkatheperez.com

Ventilation: Movement of gas in and out of the pulmonary system

www.jonathandownham.com

Tidal Volume (TV)

: volume of gas inhaled during a

normal resting breath . 500 ml

Inspiratory Reserve Volume (IRV)

: volume of gas that can be inhaled

beyond a normal resting tidal

inhalation. 3000ml

Expiratory Reserve Volume (ERV)

: volume of gas that exhaled beyond a

normal resting tidal exhalation. 1,100ml

Residual Volume (RV)

: volume of gas that remains in the lung

after ERV has been exhaled. 1,200 ml

Inspiratory Capacity (IC)

: the amount of air that can be inhaled

from REEP . TV + IRV 3,500 ml

Vital capacity (VC) , Functional VC (FVC)

: the amount of air that is under volitional

control. IRV + TV + ERV

Functional Residual Capacity (FRC)

: the amount of air that resides in lungs

after a normal resting tidal exhalation.

ERV + RV 2,200ml

Total Lung Capacity (TLC)

: the total amount of air that is contained

within the thorax during a maximum

inspiratory effort. VC + RV 5,700ml

REEP: Resting End Expiratory Pressure

Flow rates

Forced Expiratory Volume in 1 second (FEV1)

: The amount of air exhaled during

the first second of FVC.

In healthy person, at least 70% of

the FVC is exhaled within first second

( FEV1/FVC*100 > 70%)

Question?Thank

you

1. National Physical Therapy Examination, O’sullivan&Siegelman, TherapyEd2. Essentials of Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy, 3rd edition, Ellen Hillegass, Elsevi

er3. Cardiovascular and pulmonary Physical Therapy Evidence to Practice, 5th edition,

Donna Frownfelter, Elizabeth Dean, Elsevier4. Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Management and Case Studies, 2nd edition, W.

Darlence Reid, Frank Chung, Kylie Hill, SLACK Inc.5. Steele, Joel Dorman Hygienic Physiology (New York, NY: A. S. Barnes & Company,

1888)6. Khan Academy, www.khanacademy.org