care of aged
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AGE RELATED ILLNESS
BY:GROUP 4
TERMINOLOGIES U NEED TO KNOW:
AGING: It is the normal process of becoming older. It is a time-related change which begins with
birth & continues through out life.
GERIATRICS: It is the study of old age that includes
the physiology,pathology,diagnosis, & Mx of the disorders & diseases of older adults.
TERMINOLOGIES contd….
GERIATRIC Nsg: It is the field of nsg that relates to the assessment,nursing diagnosis,planning,implementation & evaluation of older adults in all envrnmnts including acute, intermediate & skilled care as well as within the community
GERONTOLOGY: The combined biologic, psychologic & sociologic study of older adults within their envrnmnt
CHARACTERISTICS OF AGING:
1. Increased MORTALITY2. CHANGES in the body’s CHEMICAL
COMPOSITIONS (decrease in lean body mass, increase in fats & lipofuscins, &cross-linking of collagen tissues)
3. Progressive DETERIORATIVE changes4. Reduced ADAPTATION ABILITY to
envrnmntal changes5. Increased VULNERABILITY to multiple
diseases
THEORIES OF AGING:BIOLOGIC THEORIES: Intrinsic agingGenetically programmedEssentially universal & irreversibleDEVELOPMENTAL THEORIES: (Erikson,1963)Life consists of 8 stagesEach represents a crucial turning point in lifeMajor task: achieve ego integrity or to suffer
despair
THEORIES contd….DEVELOPMENTAL TASKS FOR OLDER
ADULTS….(Erikson + Havighurst’s concepts)
1. Maintenance of self-worth2. Conflict resolution3. Adjustment to the death of significant
others4. Environmental adaptation5. Maintenance of optimal levels of wellness
THEORIES contd…..
SOCIOLOGIC THEORIES:Social interactions & roles contribute to
successful adjustmentContinuity & connection to the past are
maintained through a well established habits, values & interests
The theories emphasize the importance of environmental & psychosocial factors in the developmntal & current functiong of the person
THEORIES contd….
NURSING THEORY: (Miller, 2004)Challenges nurses to consider the effects of
normal age-related changes as well as the damage incurred through disease or environmental & behavioral risk factors
It suggests that, nurses can alter the outcome for patients through nursing interventions
AGE-RELATED CHANGES
CHANGES
PSYCHOSOCIAL
PHYSICAL
COGNITIVE
PHARMACOLOGIC
PSYCHOSOCIAL ASPECTS Problem in adapting to……Physical Social & Emotional losses& to achieve contentmentLife satisfactionSerenity
PHYSICAL ASPECTS
•Decreased cardiac output
•Slower heart recovery rate
Cardiovascular
•Increase residual lung volume
•Decreased gas exchange
Respiratory
•Decrease protection against trauma & temperature
•Diminished secretion of natural oils & perspiration
Integumentary
PHYSICAL ASPECTS contd…. •Fema
le: vaginal narrowing & decreased elasticity
•Male: slower sexual response
Reproductive
•Loss of bone density & muscle strength
•Degenerated joint cartilage
Musculoskeletal
•Male: BPH
•Female: incontinence
Genitourinary
PHYSICAL ASPECTS contd…•De
creased salivation
•Reduced GI motility
Gastrointestinal
•Delayed nerve conduction
•Reduced cerebral circulation
Nervous system
•Diminished vision, hearing
•Diminished taste & smell
Special senses
COGNITIVE ASPECTSINTELLIGEN
CE
Decline
Diminished problem
solving ability
Learning & memory
Variation in motor & sensory function
Poor ability to learn
effectively due to poor
intelligence
PHARMOCOLOGIC ASPECTS
Altered pharmacokinetics
Drug-food
interaction
Changes in gastric
PH
Decrease in GI
motility
HEALTH PROMOTION STRATEGIES
CARDIOVASCULAR RESPIRATORYExercise regularlyPace activitiesAvoid smokingEat low-fat, low-salt dietParticipate in stress
reductionRegular BP checksMedication compliance Weight control
Adequate fluid intake to liquefy secretions
Yearly influenza immunizatn
Avoid exposure to URIStop smokingExercise regularly
PROMOTION STRATEGIES contd…
INTEGUMENTORY MUSCULOSKELETALAvoid solar exposureUse Seasonal clothing Lubricate skinMaintain safe indoor
tempShower pref to tub bath
Exercise regularlyEat high-calcium dietLimit phosphorus intakeTake calcium & vitamin
D supplements as prescribed
PROMOTION STRATEGIES contd..
GENITOURINARYSeek urology check-
upsWear easily
manipulated clothingDrink adequate fluidsAvoid bladder
irritantsDo pelvic floor
muscle exercises
GASTROINTESTINALUse ice chipsBrush, floss, &
massage gums dailyReceive regular
dental careEat small frequent
feedsLimit antacidsEat high fiber dietLimit laxatives
PROMOTION STRATEGIESNERVOUS SYSTEM SPECIAL SENSESPace teachingEnhance sensory
stimulatnEncourage slow rising
from a resting position
Wear eyeglassesAvoid night drivingUse contrasting colors
for color codingAvoid glare of shiny
surfacesAvoid direct sunlightSpeak with low-pitched
voice
MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS
DEPRESSION DEMENTIA DELIRIUM
DEPRESSIONFeeling of sadnessFatigueDiminished memory & concentrationFeeling of guilt & worthlessnessLoss of appetiteSleep disturbance
DELIRIUMAltered level of consciousness Ranging from stupor to excessive activityDisorganized thinkingHallucination, delusionFear & anxiety
DEMENTIAAlzheimer’s disease
Progressive, irreversible, degenerative
neurologic disease
Memory loss, difficulty in work
Vascular dementia
Multi-infarct dementia
associated with hypertension & cardiovascular
disease
Downward decline in mental
function, sub clinical stroke
NURSES ROLE IN CARE OF AGEDKnowledgeable about geriatric nursingSkilled in meeting the needs of older patientsUnderstand that aging is not synonymous with
diseaseUnderstand that aging is a highly complex &
varied processConsider functional assessment as a common
frame workHelp older people to maintain max autonomy &
dignity despite of physical & psychological lossesEarly interventions can prevent further
complications
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