case studies undp: association of manambolo natives, madagascar
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7/27/2019 Case Studies UNDP: ASSOCIATION OF MANAMBOLO NATIVES, Madagascar
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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities
Madagascar
ASSOCIATION OFMANAMBOLO NATIVES(FITEMA)
Empowered live
Resilient nation
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UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES
Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that wo
or people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadth
their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practition
themselves guiding the narrative.
To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser
that details the work o Equator Prize winners vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmenconservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take local succ
to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve as models
replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence to The Power of Local Action: Lessons from 10 Years
the Equator Initiative, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case material.
Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiatives searchable case study database.
EditorsEditor-in-Chief: Joseph Corcoran
Managing Editor: Oliver HughesContributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding
Contributing WritersEdayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughe
Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma,
Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Brandon Payne, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu
DesignOliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Pa
Brandon Payne, Mariajos Satizbal G.
AcknowledgementsThe Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude the Association o Manambolo Natives (FITEMA), and in particular the guidance a
inputs o Ramaly Antoine (FITEMA President). All photo credits courtesy o FITEMA. Maps courtesy o CIA World Factbook and Wikiped
Suggested CitationUnited Nations Development Programme. 2012. Association of Manambolo Natives (FITEMA), Madagascar. Equator Initiative Case Stu
Series. New York, NY.
http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/Power_of_Local_Action_Final_2013.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=casestudysearch&Itemid=858 -
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PROJECT SUMMARYThe Association o Manambolo Natives (FikambanannyTeraki Manambolo - FITEMA) has used the reintroductiono an indigenous land use system to help conserve orestsand wetlands in the 7,500-hectare Manambolo Valley aorest corridor which joins the Andringitra and RanomaanaNational Parks while improving ood security or localcommunities. The valleys orests are home to a high numbero endemic species and also provide critical ecosystemservices to around 200,000 residents o ve neighbouringdistricts, including timber and non-timber orest products,
water regulation, and watershed protection.
The organization works on orest restoration through theestablishment o nurseries with local tree species, includingthe native Ravenea madagascariensis palm. The group hasalso constructed irrigation inrastructure and is guided in itswork by a commitment to the ull participation o its targetcommunities.
KEY FACTS
EQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2002
FOUNDED: 1993
LOCATION: Manambolo Valley, Madagascar
BENEFICIARIES: 12 communities; 1,300 households
BIODIVERSITY: 7,500-ha forest corridor
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ASSOCIATION OF MANAMBOLO NATIVES(FITEMA)Madagascar
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Background and Context 4
Key Activities and Innovations 6
Biodiversity Impacts 8
Socioeconomic Impacts 8
Policy Impacts 9
Sustainability 10
Replication 10
Partners 10
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he Association o Manambolo Natives (Fikambananny Teraki
Manambolo - FITEMA) is a community-based natural resource
management initiative which reestablished a traditional, indigenous
and use system in order to ensure the ecological connectivity o
he Andringitra-Ranomaana orest corridor and the viability o its
umerous ecosystem services. By helping local armers to double the
roductivity o their rice elds, FITEMA has succeeded in preventing
urther destruction o this important orest corridor, contributing to
he protection o endemic biodiversity and to the ood security o
ocal communities.
A hotspot for biodiversity and endemic species
Madagascar is a micro-continent which is home to thousands o ora
nd auna species, approximately 80 per cent o which are unique
o the island. The Malagasy moist orest eco-region is made up o
orest ecosystems ranging rom sea level to 2,600 meters in altitude
with typical habitats including littoral orests, lowland orests, mid-
ltitude orests and mountain vegetation. The ora o this eco-
egion comprises ve o the six amilies endemic to Madagascar and
7 out o 209 known genera. The auna is composed o ancient and
iversied lineages including at least one quarter o all primates in
he world.
he initiative is named or the Manambolo River, the main river
riginating in the orest, which passes through the majority ohe villages where local people live. The Manambolo Valley is
ocated between the Andringitra National Park to the south and
anomaana National Park to the north. This 7,500 ha orest corridor
rovides an unbroken chain o intact rainorest which is situated in
ianarantsoa Province on the steep slopes o the Central Highlands.
Due to anthropogenic deorestation, the majority o the remaining
orests are located on the peaks. Nevertheless, the remaining ora
ave retained their mid-altitude moist orest characteristics with a
redominance o endemic species such as tree erns (cyathea spp.)
nd ebony wood (albergia spp. and diospyros spp.) and many others.
imilarly, the characteristic auna includes about hal o the ying
mammals o Madagascar, thirteen species o lemurs, and 106 sp
o birds.
These remaining orests in the Manambolo Valley are o ca
importance not only or the survival o endemic species but als
the well-being o the local population or whom the orest prov
essential services such as timber and non-timber orest prod
water regulation and watershed protection. The lives o n
200,000 people (living in the ve districts targeted by the initia
depend on the sustainable management o the orests and o
resources in this corridor. Most o the people living in this area
subsistence armers who grow rice in the ooded and irrig
lowlands and ood crops in the hills.
Prior to the colonization o Madagascar by the French, the u
natural resources in the Manambolo Valley was governed thro
the traditional Dina system. The Dina is a system o rules
regulations used in isolated regions o Madagascar to guide
control resource use and community behavior. These rules w
passed orally rom generation to generation over centuries.
French colonial administration did not recognize the Dina a
was replaced with the establishment o the Department o W
and Forests which was charged with overseeing natural reso
management. Having lost their status, the village elders ha
legal avenue through which to manage the resources that
traditionally been in their control, and overexploitation proceedan alarming rate both by villagers and by outsiders. In the mid 19
villagers approached the World Wildlie Fund (WWF - now know
the Worldwide Fund or Nature) seeking assistance. This led to
creation o the Association o Manambolo Natives, or Fikamba
Teraki Manambolo (FITEMA). WWF project personnel (who were
living in the local community) acted as intermediaries to re-o
communication between village residents and the Departme
Water and Forests. The ultimate goal was to establish a harmon
balance between human needs and the protection o na
resources in the region. The project began helping local resid
to re-establish and legalize the Dina in order to regain contr
Background and Context
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heir resources through traditional management methods, whereby
lders make decisions ater consulting their ancestors. This has been
crucial component in project success, especially in terms o gaining
opular support, as Madagascar is a country where ancestors are
ighly venerated.
inking the National Parks
y this time, there were already many pressures on the regions
orests, namely slash-and-burn agriculture, grazing, orest res, and
legal timber and precious stone operations, which were causing
he loss o this unique habitat or mid-altitude ora and auna. These
ressures were exacerbated by inadequate technical supervision
n the part o the Forest Service and the high illiteracy rate o the
ocal people which orced them to depend on the orests to meet
heir basic needs. These environmental problems were widespread
hroughout the country, and the national government began to
ecognize the high rate o deorestation taking place especially in
nprotected areas and that there was a lack o continuity between
xisting protected areas.
n September 2003 at the World Parks Congress, the president Madagascar, Marc Ravalomanana, announced his ambitious
Durban Vision which aimed to triple Madagascars protected areas
rom two million to six million ha. WWF supported the government
n identiying suitable locations or these new protected areas which
ncluded the Ranomaana Andringitra Forest Corridor between the
lready established Ranomaana and Andringitra National Parks.
WWF was initially responsible or managing the park but thereater
ranserred the management o this area to the National Association
or the Management o Protected Areas (ANGAP) which has since
ecome known as Madagascar National Parks (MNP).
Reestablishing a traditional management system
Malagasy law provides a legal ramework or the transer o all
enewable natural resources to communities who meet the
equirements as set out by law.WWF worked with FITEMA and
overnment agencies to make the Dina system legally binding.
Approval was sought rom relevant local authorities, nances
were secured, social structures were created and the contract was
pproved by the state. 1,000 ha o government orest land has
ow been legally transerred to local residents or them to manage
ndependently, through the signing o GELOSE (Gestion Locale
ecurise) conventions with the Department o Water and Forests.
As a result, the Dina system is now enshrined in the laws o the
egion and government regulations are imposed only i the Dina is
ot capable o resolving conicts.
Now that Dina has become law, power has been given to
communities to control resources eectively. The Dina ass
sustainability by respecting key unctions o land managem
including timing, quantity, requency and rights o usage. It con
virtually all orest products including honey, wood, eels
craysh. Outsiders can no longer use the orests resources u
authorized by village elders and a system or equitable sharin
resources within the valley has been implemented. As a result o
reestablishment o the Dina system, Manambolo residents now
a common vision or the use o the orest. Instead o being sim
viewed as a source o rst-come-rst-served raw material, the
is now regarded as an important aspect o local heritage, t
managed or sustainable long term use.
FITEMA was ounded in order to ensure the transer o reso
management to local communities and to educate the local pe
about the importance o biodiversity, with a ocus on lemurs,
to actively involve them in its protection. In the beginning
association ocused on the application o the management
which was required by the transer and approved by the Forest Ser
and established a program o ecological restoration. Since achie
their initial objectives, FITEMA has implemented accompanmeasures which were meant to ensure the ood security o
local communities through agroorestry, horticulture, the use
cover crop system, an improved and intensive rice system, and
establishment o a community granary in each village. In this
FITEMA aims to reduce the dependence o target communitie
orest products through the adoption o alternative livelihoods
provide economic benets. Projects are implemented to incr
armers agricultural production while discouraging detrim
practices such as slash-and-burn agriculture. Local commun
have thus been empowered to address their environmental conc
while increasing their incomes, and the local Forest Service has
given material and technical support which urther contribut
the success o the project.
Giving the communities a sense o responsibility over
natural resources has been a central goal o FITEMA. The inten
beneciaries include twelve grassroots communities, or 1
households with an average o six persons per household,
total o 32,000 targeted beneciaries. In addition to suppo
the participating communities in a wide range o environm
and social endeavors, FITEMA publicizes their activities in the w
region and in the international community. Through its va
projects, FITEMA aims to ensure that the needs o uture genera
in terms ecosystem services will be met.
We have decided to restore the forest, to no longer cut down the trees, putting a stop to erosio
and protecting our water sources. Now we are using the area as a nursery for palm trees
Ramaly Antoine, FITEMA President
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Key Activities and Innovations
ITEMAs twelve community-based associations are engaged in
orest management based on a simplied management plan which
was established according to the Dina system, which governs
pproximately three quarters o the country. Under this authority,
8,809 ha o the Andringitra-Ranomaana orest (20 per cent o the
orridor orest) is currently managed by local communities who
re trained to sustainably use the land while increasing crop yields.
his type o community management involves the monitoring
nd patrolling o orest areas by the people independently or in
ollaboration with the Forest Service.
ITEMA has also promoted orest restoration through the
stablishment o nurseries o local species in order to reduce thenvironmental pressures on these species while increasing the
ervices rendered to the community. One endemic species o palmravenea madagascariensis) has been particularly targeted in these
eorestation eorts as this species is widely used by the community
or various purposes. Through targeting species that are deemed
aluable by the communities, such as timber and other useul wood
ypes and species consumed by lemurs, the project aims to enrich
he orest and raise its value in the eyes o the local people. The
project also ghts to stave o unwanted or invasive species.
A focus on food security
Additionally, FITEMA helps to increase agricultural productivity byworking with armers not only to improve existing arming practices
but also to diversiy the crops produced. Traditionally, local armers
ad been in the habit o using slash-and-burn techniques in the
atural orests since their own elds were either insufcient in size
or were not productive due to degraded soil quality. It was with this
n mind that FITEMA began to conduct training to encourage the
armers to use their land more intensively by rotating crops (rice-
bean, peas-potatoes, chives) and also to restore soil quality through
he use o cattle manure as ertilizer. The project also supports
he management o 8.7 km o irrigation micro-inrastructure. This
irrigation system is needed or the production o rice, the main st
ood o Madagascar, a crop which requires a large amount o w
As or the diversication o agriculture, FITEMA encourages
production o citrus crops and market gardening. Non-agricul
sources o income such as sh arming, artisanal products
weaving are also targeted or diversication, in the hope o redu
poverty and increasing the robustness o economic activity in
buer villages.
FITEMA also undertakes outreach and education activities in o
to reduce environmental pressures (e.g. slash-and-burn, le
poaching and overharvesting o palm trees) and to improve knowledge o existing laws and management rules. In order to
awareness, FITEMA goes around to the villages, organizing meet
putting up posters and showing lms to the people about the
to protect the environment. In order to get children involved, FIT
organizes drawing and poetry contests and teaches them si
environmental lessons so that they can understand the relevan
the environment to their daily lives.
Innovative responses to deforestation
There are several ways in which FITEMA has shown creativity
innovation in overcoming challenges aced by the commun
First o all, they have implemented a special cultivation sywhich has greatly improved local arming techniques. As mentio
above, FITEMA trains armers in crop rotation and the produc
and use o ertilizers. Additionally, FITEMA employs a type o n
arming called cover crops. Ater minimally tilling the soil (wh
necessary due to its compactness), it is covered with a layer o
or dead plants, preerably with nitrogen-xing legumes, a me
which helps to control weeds while increasing nutrients
retaining moisture in the soil. Motivated armers are selected t
trained in these techniques on plots provided by the commun
These armers then pass their new knowledge onto others who
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o learn the new techniques. This system has been so successul that
t is estimated that more than 85 per cent o local non-members
ave adopted the improved methods, which can be attributed
o transversal diusion, a process by which people copy their
eighbors arming techniques.
Additionally, FITEMAs success in orest restoration can be attributed
o a transplantation method they developed using wild stock.
nstead o having a nursery or orest plants, seedlings are collectedwild in other parts o the orest and replanted in the areas where
eorestation is desired. The success rate o this restoration method
as been above 80 per cent whereas there was little success in seed
ermination attempts in the nursery.
A third area in which FITEMA has shown innovation is in the plan
oravenea, a plant whose trunk begins to develop ater 12 years
is usable only ater 50-60 years. Farmers generally do not like wa
50 to 6o years beore using any resource. In the case oravenea
act that people have agreed to plant it knowing that it will b
long beore they can reap the benets demonstrates FITEM
success in bringing about a change in mentality. The reason
species is targeted in particular is because its brous trunk
withstand inclement weather (e.g. rain and high temperatures)can be used or a variety o purposes. For example, ravenea is use
build granary walls to protect grains since rats are unable to pi
its bers.
If we have succeeded, it is, above all, due to the fact that we took into account the reality of th
situation: We are bad at protecting the forest when our stomachs are empty.
Sylvain Razafimandimby, Manambolo
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Impacts
BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS
Through community-based management and monitoring o the
orest, external exploitation o local resources, deorestation, orest
res and erosion have been virtually eliminated and armers have
topped using slash-and-burn arming techniques altogether.
Biodiversity conservation is being achieved through the protection o
both orest and water resouces. Protecting this type o dense, humid,
medium-altitude orest ecosystem has been particularly important
s it constitutes the habitat o certain agship species including the
ree ern (cyathea spp.), ebony (diospyros spp. and dalbergia spp.) and
emur species such as hapalemur aureus, microcebus sp. and eulemur
p. There has been an observed increase in the lemur population,s reported by armers who claim that whereas previously lemurs
were rarely seen, ater implementing the restrictions, they now
ometimes see groups o ve to seven lemurs at a time.
ITEMAs ecological restoration plan has also been quite successul.
This plan was based on assessments o restoration priority needs
n the corridor, leading to the establishment o seedbeds or the
groorestry system and nurseries or orest landscape restoration
n target communities. Nurseries were implemented or uel
wood production (16,000 plants), production o ruit trees (2,000
ruits plants), and production o autochthonous plants or active
estoration within natural orest (45,000 plants). O particular interest
s the increase in the valuable species ravenea madagascariensis inhe orest - 16,000 have been successully planted since 1998.
The participatory communication and environmental education
plan has had an impact in terms o increasing public awareness o
environmental issues. During the implementation o the project,
he populations living within the vicinity o the orest corridor
have become aware o the importance o biodiversity. Peer-to-peer
exchanges have taken place and students o primary and secondary
chools have begun to play a crucial role in the monitoring o lemurs
nd other species. Ater receiving lessons on the liestyles o lemurs,
they take periodic trips to the orest to observe and record cha
in the numbers o lemurs in each observed group. At present
student environmental club boasts 491 members who are act
engaged in spreading awareness o the importance o biodive
especially as it pertains to improving incomes that are depende
orest ecological unctions.
SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS
Beore the initiative began, armers planted traditional crops o
cassava, beans, Madagascar peanut and sweet potato. Almost
these crops were destined or consumption. As a result o FITEprojects, local armers have been able to more than double
agricultural output enabling them to sell a large percentag
their harvest. This large increase in productivity can be attribut
the adoption o new arming techniques, as promoted by FIT
which include the introduction o more productive varietie
rice, crop rotation and the use o compost to increase soil ert
Improvements in the management o both irrigation m
inrastructure and tanety (grass covered hills) have also taken p
The irrigation micro-inrastructure allows almost all o the 2
villagers in Ambalahosy to benet rom the availability o w
throughout the year and to rerain rom slash-and-burn techni
which had been destroying the orest. Approximately 115 ha o
elds benet rom this improved rice cultivation system. Villahave noted that previously, their rice harvests ed them or
seven months o the year, whereas it can now sustain them
eleven months.
Developing alternatives to deforestation
FITEMA has also promoted new sources o income through
introduction o non-traditional crops such as citrus crops
potatoes, and the establishment o sh arming and beekee
activities. Ater identiying potentially protable sectors, FIT
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assists villagers in learning the required skills, provides material
assistance and contributes to market development. For example,
n the case o beekeeping, FITEMA distributed new, improved
hives and trained villagers in modern extraction techniques to
ncrease the output o honey. Collected honey provided a new
ource o income, selling or a considerable amount in this region
o Madagascar. Each community member has been able to choose
one or more alternative income-generation activity according the
availability o their land. Training has been oered to select groupswho are in turn expected to share this knowledge with others, with
priority being given to single mothers and the elderly. FITEMA has
also encouraged the local people to plant o-season crops (e.g.
potatoes, beans and cabbage) in allow rice elds and participate
n market gardening as a way o adapting to climate change and
ncreasing soil ertility. Because o these diversication eorts, local
evenue has been signicantly increased and ood security has been
mproved. Along with the improved rice cultivation techniques, the
o-season crops have successully reduced the lean period rom
even months to three months.
Collective action and mutual aid
Another way in which FITEMA has improved ood security is by
building a community granary in each village. Normally, each armer
would have his own granary to stock excess rice or other crops.
Farmers without a granary are orced to sell rapidly and at low prices
during the harvest season, later acing ood security problems.
n order to remedy this problem, the armers agreed to build a
communal granary where everyone can stock their harvested
crops (usually rice, peanuts and beans). The usage rules are decided
on as a group, by the members who constructed it. Sometimes,
he members buy the grains to stock and later resell them to the
members (especially during the lean season) at a lower price than
s asked or in the markets or by dealers. This system allows armerso buy grains at competitive prices and to bring in the revenue that
heir associations need to unction.
These income-generation and ood security projects have also
contributed to compliance with environmental regulations. Whereas
he local people had previously been dependent on the orest or
heir daily needs, they now only go there rom time to time to collect
ome ruit and mushrooms.
Using the prize money rom the Equator Prize, which they won
n 2002, FITEMA was able to build two classrooms or the public
elementary school and establish a supply o drinking water or
he village (about 1,400 people). The latter helps to reduce childmortality and to improve maternal as well as general health which
ncreases worker productivity.
FITEMA has had a positive impact on the communities social
organization by promoting a sense o togetherness and respect
or elders, and social conict has been reduced through working
owards a common vision. These concepts have been supported by
trengthening the capacity o members in the local ofces, many o
whom were either illiterate or had attained only a very basic level
o education. WWF provides support by either directly addressing
their illiteracy or by providing reresher courses, and also g
simple training sessions on how to manage an association,
accounting books, draw up annual work plans and keep mee
minutes. FITEMA has emphasized the participation o women w
the association. Since 2008, the number o emale members
doubled. The large number o women within the association
improved their ability to orm social and cooperative groups, lea
to an increased sense o empowerment and improved incomes
POLICY IMPACTS
When the protected area was established, the FITEMA commun
were actively involved in inuencing changes in the boundari
the new protected area, the Ranomaana-Andringitra orest cor
Public consultation was required by law prior to the establishm
o these boundaries, and the FITEMA communities were ab
successully lobby to ensure that pre-existing management p
be taken into consideration. For example, zones where commun
already held the right to use the resources were maintained
were not converted into conservation zones. Furthermore, t
communities have contributed a great deal to the developmo the management plan o this protected area. Thanks to FIT
and WWF Madagascar, the protected status o the Ranoma
Andringitra orest corridor is now eective.
In 2009, thanks to their successul management o orestry resou
FITEMA obtained rom the Forest Service a renewal o their con
to manage the orests or another ten years. The associat
development plan and simplied management strategies help
this regard.
Two representatives o FITEMA are currently members o
Federation o Community-based Organizations, an advisory bod
decision-making regarding the management o the orest cor
between two national parks, Ranomaana and Andringitra.
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Sustainability and Replication
SUSTAINABILITYDonors to the project have typically made only short-term
nvestments and these donors have changed many times, creating
elationship breakdowns between WWF and the grassroots
ommunities. As a result, the project has been limited in its ability
o consistently monitor changes in deorestation over time. This
monitoring lies thereore with the Forest Service.
Despite these challenges, a certain degree o sustainability has been
chieved through the nature o certain project impacts such as
mprovements in incomes and increased ood security which directly
ect the local way o lie. Once these kinds o socioeconomicenets were perceived by the local people, the incentive structure
hanged and people began to view conservation eorts more
avorably, thus strengthening project sustainability.
he main environmental benet which has been improved over
me is the communities access to water or irrigation and drinking.
urthermore, the communities have become increasingly aware o
nvironmental issues thanks to FITEMAs awareness campaigns and
o the dissemination o scientic ndings, rendering the project more
ustainable. This has been seen by the act that, on the ew occasions
when there was a breakdown in project activities, the momentum to
onserve the orests was maintained by the local people themselves.
Giving the communities this sense o responsibility has made thessociation eective and sustainable.
he key components which make this project sustainable are
nancial resources, human resources, training and capacity building,
ommunity participation and awareness campaigns. Additional
unding is needed, at least in the medium term, or replication and
xpansion o the activity zone which would increase the target
opulation.
REPLICATIONWWF Madagascar works with a wide range o buer commun
within the rainorest region and has been able to replicate
FITEMA model in eight other sites, bringing the total numb
people reached to around 100,000. In communities with which
WWF has been working, there have been both strong and w
points in terms o project accomplishments. They have ound
exchanges between communities are oten the key to succe
replication.
FITEMA requently organizes armer-to-armer knowle
exchanges, an activity that they have ound rewarding as it alcommunities to learn how others have been able to overcome
challenges they are currently acing. It is particularly helpul to
about the new techniques and approaches that others are usin
combine biodiversity conservation with the ght against pover
The main obstacle that FITEMA has experienced when attemp
such exchanges is the nature o short term projects and nan
with goals that can only be attained in the long term. To overc
this challenge, two things are needed: long-term partnerships (
technical and nancial) and community empowerment and
revitalization o interest groups (youth, women and elders).
Since 2002, twelve new grassroots community organizations been ormed in the Ranomaana-Andringitra orest corridor. In
o these cases, a neighboring community was able to receive un
or the establishment o a tourist route, thanks to FITEMAs succ
PARTNERS
The local population has been the most critical partner in ensu
the overall success o the project. Traditional authorities -
notables and elders - have been particularly important in t
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Climate variability has been felt in our communities. They have caused disruptions in crop
calendars. Adaptations to these variabilities are to increase crop varieties (rice, leafy vegetables
cassava) and to plant them in off-seasons.
Ramaly Antoine, FITEMA President
1111
the dissemination and acceptance o WWF messages among
ommunity members. Mutual trust has been established between
he two entities.
ITEMA has also been ortunate to have support rom local, regional
nd national governments. The Ministry o Environment and Forests
as assisted in the coordination o activities under the management
ranser o natural resources and has validated the development
lans and supported the project and communities in the application existing laws and regulations. The regional government has been
esponsible or the development o regional development plans that
ake into account the specicities o the municipalities in which WWF
works. The district chies and town mayors are the representatives
the state in the remote areas where WWF is working. They have
developed, with support rom WWF (especially with regard to
protection o the environment), Communal Development Plans
Technical assistance has been provided by the Multilocal Plan
Committee and USAID who work in the same area and share
same vision as WWF. Ecological and biological inventories have b
conducted in the corridor by the Ecological Training Program w
aimed to support claims o the importance o biodiversity thro
scientic research.
WWF Madagascar has beneted rom nancial support rom va
donors (WWF Switzerland, WWF Germany, WWF Sweden, W
France, WWF U.S. and government agencies) and experts rom
WWF international network.
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7/27/2019 Case Studies UNDP: ASSOCIATION OF MANAMBOLO NATIVES, Madagascar
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FURTHER REFERENCE
Andriamalala, G., and Gardner, C.J. 2010. Lutilisation du dina comme outil de gouvernance des ressources naturelles : leons tir
Velondriake. Tropical Conservation Science 3 (4) pp. 447-472.
Equator Initiative
Environment and Energy GroupUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
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onnecting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better lie.
The Equator Initiative brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses and grassroots organizati
o recognize and advance local sustainable development solutions or people, nature and resilient communities.
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