case studies undp: tsimane mosetene regional council of pilon lajas
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7/27/2019 Case Studies UNDP: TSIMANE MOSETENE REGIONAL COUNCIL OF PILON LAJAS
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Equator Initiative Case StudiesLocal sustainable development solutions for people, nature, and resilient communities
Bolivia
TSIMAN MOSETENEREGIONAL COUNCIL,PILN LAJAS
Empowered live
Resilient nation
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UNDP EQUATOR INITIATIVE CASE STUDY SERIES
Local and indigenous communities across the world are advancing innovative sustainable development solutions that wo
or people and or nature. Few publications or case studies tell the ull story o how such initiatives evolve, the breadth
their impacts, or how they change over time. Fewer still have undertaken to tell these stories with community practition
themselves guiding the narrative.
To mark its 10-year anniversary, the Equator Initiative aims to ll this gap. The ollowing case study is one in a growing ser
that details the work o Equator Prize winners vetted and peer-reviewed best practices in community-based environmtal conservation and sustainable livelihoods. These cases are intended to inspire the policy dialogue needed to take lo
success to scale, to improve the global knowledge base on local environment and development solutions, and to serve
models or replication. Case studies are best viewed and understood with reerence toThe Power of Local Action: Lessofrom 10 Years of the Equator Prize, a compendium o lessons learned and policy guidance that draws rom the case materi
Click on the map to visit the Equator Initiatives searchable case study database.
EditorsEditor-in-Chief: Joseph CorcoranManaging Editor: Oliver HughesContributing Editors: Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Erin Lewis, Whitney Wilding
Contributing WritersEdayatu Abieodun Lamptey, Erin Atwell, Toni Blackman, Jonathan Clay, Joseph Corcoran, Larissa Currado, Sarah Gordon, Oliver Hughe
Wen-Juan Jiang, Sonal Kanabar, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Rachael Lader, Patrick Lee, Erin Lewis, Jona Liebl, Mengning Ma,
Mary McGraw, Gabriele Orlandi, Juliana Quaresma, Peter Schecter, Martin Sommerschuh, Whitney Wilding, Luna Wu
DesignOliver Hughes, Dearbhla Keegan, Matthew Konsa, Amy Korngiebel, Kimberly Koserowski, Erin Lewis, John Mulqueen, Lorena de la Pa
Brandon Payne, Mariajos Satizbal G.
AcknowledgementsThe Equator Initiative acknowledges with gratitude the Tsiman Mosetene Regional Council, Piln Lajas, and in particular the guida
and inputs o Clemente Caymani. All photo credits courtesy o the Tsiman Mosetene Regional Council, Piln Lajas. Maps courtesy o C
World Factbook and Wikipedia.
Suggested CitationUnited Nations Development Programme. 2012. Tsiman Mosetene Regional Council, Piln Lajas, Bolivia. Equator Initiative Case Stu
Series. New York, NY.
http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/index.php?option=com_winners&view=casestudysearch&Itemid=858http://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdfhttp://equatorinitiative.org/images/stories/events/2012events/Book_Launch/power%2520of%2520local%2520action%2520final%25202013%25208mb.pdf -
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PROJECT SUMMARYTsiman Mosetene Regional Council o Piln Lajas works
in Bolivias Biosphere Reserve to conserve biodiversity and
to protect the rights o the indigenous peoples within the
Reserve. The Regional Council jointly manages the Reserve
with Bolivias National Service o Protected Areas.
In addition to saeguarding wildlie in the protected area
by tackling poaching, advancing sustainable agriculture
and developing a orestry management plan, the Regional
Council group has been involved in the construction o
schools in 14 dierent communities. Additional activitiesaimed at improving local livelihoods include organic honey
production, the establishment o associations or coee
and cocoa growers, and support or local artisans.
KEY FACTSEQUATOR PRIZE WINNER: 2010
FOUNDED: 1992
LOCATION: La Paz and Beni Departments, Bolivia
BENEFICIARIES: 22 indigenous communities
BIODIVERSITY: Piln Lajas Biosphere Reserve
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TSIMAN MOSETENE REGIONALCOUNCIL, PILN LAJASBolivia
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Background and Context 4
Key Activities and Innovations 6
Biodiversity Impacts 8
Socioeconomic Impacts 8
Policy Impacts 9
Sustainability 10
Replication 11
Partners 11
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n 1990, the March or the Dignity and Territory o the Indigenous
owland Villages in La Paz, Bolivia gave the natives o the Piln
ajas territory, located in the departments o La Paz and Beni, the
pportunity to demand the establishment o Biosphere Reserve
RB) and Communal Lands (TCO) designations in Piln Lajas. In
992, their demands were met, resulting in the Indigenous Territory
Declaration, Decree No. 23110, which recognizes the existence o
he Piln Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Communal Lands (RB-TCO
iln Lajas), encompassing 540 square miles o orest in the Piln
ajas territory. In the same year, the Tsiman Mosetene Regional
Council (Consejo Regional Tsiman Mosetene, CRTM) was created
with the mission o conserving the biodiversity o Piln Lajas and
mproving the living conditions o its local residents, the Tsimannd Mosetene communities. CRTM was ounded also as a necessity
o protect against the subjugation that the indigenous communities
Piln Lajas were suering at the hands o loggers and settlers.
he mountain ranges o Piln, Chepete, Beu and Muchanes are
within the interior o Piln Lajas, where there is signicant plant and
ird diversity. In the mountain range o Piln alone, 332 bird species
ave been identied. Most o the protected areas northern portion
s ormed by the Piln Mountain Range, while its southern portion
xtends over the Chepite and Muchanes Mountains, reaching an
ltitude o 2,000 meters. In addition, there is a protected corridor
n the Biosphere Reserve that comprises Piln Lajas, Apolobamba
nd Madidi in Bolivia, and Tambopata and Bahuaja Sonene in Peru.his protected corridor is home to a biodiverse mountain orest and
s a sanctuary or the spectacled bear (tremarctos ornatus), jaguarpanthera onca) and military macaw (ara militaris).
Representing indigenous communities
CRTM is an indigenous organization that represents all o the
ndigenous communities o RB-TCO Piln Lajas and its adjoining
reas o inuence. Specically, CRTM represents 22 indigenous
ommunities that reside in the Biosphere Reserve. These
communities include 336 amilies (2080 people), belonging m
to the Mosetene and Tsiman indigenous ethnic groups, along
amilies rom the Tacana and Esse Ejas ethnic groups.
CRTMs mission is to become the valid and legitimate negotiato
the inhabitants o RB-TCO Piln Lajas at local, regional and nat
levels; to deend and strengthen the constitutional rights o
communities; to manage public and private technical and econ
support based on integrated land management and hu
development o the indigenous population that it represents; an
preserve the natural and cultural heritage o the territory.
Background and Context
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CRTMs endeavors resulted in the consolidation o the indigenous
roperty rights o nearly 1,500 square miles o land. In addition,
CRTM helped to establish a sustainable orestry joint management
lan, protected important water basins that supply water to more
han 8,000 people in the surrounding region, and leveraged support
or the construction o schools or 14 communities.
rom 1991 to 2001, CRTM did not operate continuously. Its actions
uring that time ocused on emergency response. In 2001, CRTMnderwent a restructuring o its board and since then, with the
ort o CRTM leadership and the support o NGOs and public
nstitutions, the organization has had continuity in its management,
with signicant results to date.
CRTM is governed by three authoritative bodies: the Congress o
Communities, the Consultative Assembly and the Assembly o
Magistrates. The Congress o Communities is the legal decision-
making body o CRTM, and convenes every three years in order to
lect CRTMs leadership council. This leadership council comprises a
resident, a vice-president, an administrator o lands and territories, a
ealth director, an education director and a womens aairs director.
he Consultative Assembly meets once a year. The Assembly o
Magistrates traditionally convenes three times a year and also holds
pecial meetings when urgent matters arise. CRTM has, throughout
the years o its existence, grown in its administrative capabili
the point where it now shares administrative responsibilitie
the management o protected areas, which are also indige
territories, with the National Service o Protected Areas (SERNA
A document ormulated by CRTM, The Management Plan and
Plan, serves as a guide or the administration o the protected
This document was drated in a highly participatory manner
input rom all o the communities in the area, under the direco the leadership council o CRTM, and with the support o qua
proessionals. This document sets orth goals and objec
with respect to the conservation o biodiversity and sustain
development, to which each o the communities and CRTM
governing body are committed, with a ten-year projection.
strategic planning is reected in annual operating plans, prep
with the participation o the leadership council, muni
authorities and the authorities o the reserve, in which activitie
programmed to suit both the mission and the vision o RB-TCO
Lajas, jointly managed by the CRTM and SERNAP.
CRTM works in a coordinated and organized manner to pro
the homeland o these indigenous populations, to preserve
cultures and ways o lie, and to seek to improve the quality o l
their people in harmony with the environment.
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Key Activities and Innovations
he main objectives o the initiative are to consolidate the territory,
productive sector and basic services o the Biosphere Reserve and
Communal Lands in order to address the needs o the communities,
mprove quality o lie, and strengthen management capabilities
nd integrated land management.
he Management Plan and Lie Plan or the Biosphere Reserve and
Communal Lands established seven main programs:
Administration and Management, which ocuses on planning,
coordination, and training;
. Conservation and Biodiversity Protection, involving prevention,
conict resolution, control and surveillance;i. Development and Sustainable Use o Natural Resources in
Indigenous and Settler Communities;
v. Tourism, including ecotourism, marketing, promotion and
integration o tourism;
. Participatory and Integrated Monitoring and Scientic Research;
i. Environmental Training, Education, Communication, and
Dissemination;
ii. Equity-building Co-management and Regional Integration,
which includes participatory management, organizational
building and human development.
he joint management model adopted by CRTM carries orward
ntegrated land management or the conservation o biodiversityhrough productive projects that help communities increase their
ncomes. Productive projects are approved by environmental
uthorities to ensure proper processes o implementation that are
armless to RB-TCO Piln Lajas.
Developing alternative livelihoods
he organization has been relatively successul in meeting the
eeds o the population o RB-TCO Piln Lajas. However, community
emands are many and the organization, in its role as manager and
transmitter, has only been able to obtain and implement small g
and projects. Between 2006 and 2011, CRTM implemented a num
o productive projects many o which have recently begun to
ruit. These projects aim to develop alternative livelihood op
and sources o income or the population o RB-TCO Piln Laj
reduce their dependence on orest-risk activities and improve
quality o lie.
Cocoa production was developed in seven communitie
the Quiquibey River area and in twelve communities along
Yucomo-Rurrenabaque Road. Also by Quiquibey River, a project
implemented to development the production and manageme
jatata (a type o palm lea) in the river. Forest management plans instituted in three communities along the Yucumo-Rurrenab
Road to allow orest resources to be used in a sustainable ma
Other projects aimed at diversication o livelihoods include
installation o a small carpentry business, and some small
projects to develop activities in ruit-handling and weaving o
mats.
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otable water supplies in ten Piln Lajas communities were
eveloped with the assistance o NGOs and the city o Rurrenabaque,
while a radio communication system has been made available to all
the communities.
Combining local knowledge with management innovation
A key innovation has been the development o the jointmanagement approach or the protected area. This began in 2003
nd has subsequently been promoted by CRTM at the national
evel. As a result, this approach has become a model o participatory
management at the national level and is now an institutional policy
SERNAP.
In jointly managing the reserve, CRTM has acquired impor
expertise on integrated land management, which complem
the important traditional and cultural empirical knowledge o
indigenous communities. In doing so, CRTM has established itse
an important point o reerence and example or other groups.
The joint management o the reserve resulted in the expulsio
logging companies that were ound inside the territory, andexpulsion o illegal land invaders who raided the area, managin
establish a system o joint protection between the SERNAP ran
and the communities that inhabit the reserve communal lands.
CRTM advises other communities that the entire community must be convinced that they ca
generate income while maintaining biodiversity conservation. [They must] have clearly identifie
the resources they have and which ones they can make better use of.
Clemente Caymani, Tsiman Mosetene Regional Council, Piln Lajas
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Impacts
BIODIVERSITY IMPACTS
The administrative activities o CRTM in RB-TCO Piln Lajas led to the
chievement o a number o important results. The reversal o the
Berna timber concession in the interior o the protected area avoided
direct adverse impacts such as the construction o roads within the
eserve, and indirect impacts such as clandestine hunting along the
oads leading into the reserve. Collaborative mapping and zoning
o the most biodiverse areas was carried out and a strict protection
policy was established. Certain areas have been designated or
ourism use or low-impact activities such as the gathering o non-
imber orest products.
ince the expulsion o logging companies and the instigation o
he joint management plan, populations o animals that once were
eriously endangered or rarely observed are recovering. It is now
ommon to spot groups o peccaries, monkeys, macaws and other
pecies that were previously difcult to nd.
The implementation o conservation-riendly projects, such
s ecotourism, has also contributed to the recovery o animal
populations. The job o protecting biodiversity is done according
o the management zoning established in the Management Plan
nd Lie Plan, with emphasis on protecting vulnerable areas o the
eastern sector o the area surrounded by rural settlements locatedlong the Sapecho-Yucumo-Rurrenabaque road.
Developing a biodiversity dataset
While quantitative data is currently unavailable, through a new
measurement system that was recently implemented there will soon
be accurate data on the change in biodiversity in the territory o the
RB-TCO. This participatory monitoring and risk management process
measures the impacts on biodiversity. The process o structuring the
monitoring system is being conducted in a participatory ma
between CRTM, indigenous communities, SERNAP, the Found
or the Development o the National System o Protected A
(Fundacin para el Desarrollo del Sistema Nacional de reas Prote FUNDESNAP) and the Wildlie Conservation Society (WCS) Bo
CRTM and the RB-TCO Piln Lajas administration will be in char
its implementation.
There has been an increase in knowledge on the part o indige
inhabitants, as well as increased recognition o threats to
reserve. Resolutions have been enacted by the Assembl
Magistrates demanding respect o the right o ree, prior,
inormed consent on behal o indigenous peoples, and demanstrategic evaluation o proposals or hydrocarbon exploration
exploitation, the construction o dams and the construction o p
roads that might threaten the area. The Assembly o Magistrat
CRTM has declared its support or control and monitoring activ
on the part o park rangers in order to combat encroachme
orest-risk activities into the park and increase vigilance in the
vulnerable areas.
SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS
The Communal Lands o RB-TCO Piln Lajas are shared by va
indigenous communities who are native to the region and
brought together by population growth. CRTMs beneciaries artotal TCO population, 100 per cent o the beneciaries are indigen
All beneciaries live in rural areas with their communities. Onl
leadership o CRTM is located in the town o Rurrenabaque.
Despite CRTMs eorts, 60 per cent o beneciaries live below Bo
national poverty line. The population o the reserve is princi
engaged in small-scale agriculture, the collection o berries
orest products, and subsistence hunting and shing, with a s
number o people involved production o jatata and cocoa.
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With the consolidation o the reserve and the departure o the
ogging companies rom the territory, collection berries, hunting
and shing now meet subsistence needs. Thus, productive
nitiatives, such as jatata, cocoa, rice and banana production, are
aimed at income generation to improve household welare and
diversiy income sources to avoid dependency. Income-generating
ustainable production activities give households larger disposable
ncome to spend on education and health services. CRTM estimates
hat the average household income has risen by 30 per cent since2005. This is due to an increase in the sale o surplus and to the
avings rom obtaining ruits and animals rom the orest more easily.
n the various projects implemented by CRTM, indirect jobs have
been created, including in agriculture at the technical level, in
ranslation in the production o bilingual educational materials, and
hrough the employment o health workers in each community.
n order to capitalize on increased tourism, there are plans to collect
ncome or the communities rom tourists visits to RB-TCO Piln
Lajas, some o which will be allocated to health and education
projects. There are also education grants that can be obtained by
hose managing the organization. In addition, the governmentupports the implementation o bilingual education in the region.
As there is no baseline data available regarding the livelihoods o the
communities beore CRTMs establishment, it is difcult to measure
improvements. However, some estimates can be made b
on specic production initiatives. Collectively, jatata produ
currently produce approximately 10,000 pieces o jatata per
and now receive a air price o 10 bolivianos (USD 1.40) or
piece or a gross income o 100,000 bolivianos (USD 14,265) per
Previously, they produced approximately 4,000 pieces and were
4 bolivianos per piece, or a total o 16,000 bolivianos (USD 2
per year. This anecdotal evidence alone is indicative o a signi
improvement in the livelihoods o community members toucheCRTMs projects.
POLICY IMPACTS
As mentioned above, CRTM shares administrative responsibilit
the management o the protected areas - which are also indige
territories - with SERNAP, an entity o the Ministry o Water and
Environment.
However, CRTM continues to ght against certain governm
policies, including the construction o the Bala Dam, the constru
o a road on the eastern boundary o the land, and oil extrac
These policies aect the well-being o the territory in many wWhile CRTM is not against development, its stance is that po
at the national level need to be established through conse
consultation and the direct participation o communities.
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Sustainability and Replication
SUSTAINABILITYhe Management Plan and Lie Plan have clearly dened social,
nvironmental and economic objectives as well as strategic
uidelines or the achievement o these objectives. However, CRTM
as aced some difculty achieving these goals in the short term.
Communities are aware o the importance o conservation and
ustainable management o resources, but as conservation alone
oes not provide or basic community needs, it can be difcult to
onsistently maintain conservation goals. Achieving projects that can
evelop sustainable production initiatives in the shortest timerame
ossible is imperative. It is also important or CRTM to achieve
nancial sustainability in order to consolidate its management androtection o the land. The objectives and the strategies necessary
o achieve sustainability are clear. What are needed now are the
esources to do so.
Developing a long term vision
A variety o successul partnerships resulted in the nancial stability
CRTM over the past decade, although work needs to be done to
nsure its economic sustainability in the longer term. This lack o
onger term nancial sustainability is a current challenge or CRTM
nd has the ability to delay its operations. Economic constraints
urrently prohibit complete sustainability since the development o
ntegrated land management and the generation o environmentalenets requires economic resources. Uncertainty regarding the
ong term unding o the initiative threatens the conservation o the
orest, since, i community members are unable to achieve sufcient
evenue through productive activities, there is a risk that they will
enerate income through the exploitation o natural resources.
However, there is now ull community ownership and identication
the organization, thereby ensuring social sustainability o the
nitiative within the communities it represents and there are
many actors that contribute to the sustainability o the territory
and o CRTM, such as capacity-building, human resource tra
and community participation. However, these require contin
nancial resources and support or the organization until such
as CRTM is capable o sustaining these activities independently
Undoubtedly the greatest strength o the organization is
willingness and interest o leaders and communities to manag
territory. They are aware that good planning o natural resourc
will ensure preservation o biodiversity and their own culture. Soc
it is important to continue to support organizational strengthe
and capacity-building by targeting current leadership as we
youth leadership. CRTM has developed, through the support o
German Society or Technical Cooperation (GTZ) under the GerDevelopment Service (DED), a training program or young lea
rom communities in various areas under its jurisdiction.
Also, strengthening current partnerships and orming
partnerships to contribute technically and nancially to
management o the Biosphere Reserve and TCO Piln Laj
essential, since alone, neither SERNAP nor CRTM has the econ
capacity to address the management o the reserve in the long t
CRTM emphasizes that, in order to succeed, the entire comm
must be convinced that they can generate sufcient income w
maintaining biodiversity conservation. The community must cl
identiy the resources they possess and the resources they cuse more efciently. All this must be agreed upon, as in CR
case, the most difcult challenges arose when the rst phase o
project ended and it ell to the community to continue on their
Sustainability is difcult, especially when there are ew na
resources and many needs and demands. A commitment
willingness on the part o community members and their lea
allows or progress, albeit slow, in order to eventually ach
sustainability. Skills, knowledge and experience are increas
being acquired by CRTM sta, gradually creating a stronger pres
and moving toward sel-sustainability.
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1111
REPLICATION
RTM is a pioneer in the establishment o the joint management
model at the national level. Through the process o regularization
property rights and territorial protection, the organization has
nuenced other groups by serving as a positive example o land
management. The organizations successes have strengthened its
ole as a representative o indigenous communities to local and
ational government agencies, as well as at the structural level oertinent social organizations such as the Conederacin de Pueblos
ndgenas de Bolivia (CIDOB).
PARTNERS
he ollowing partner organizations have supported CRTM since its
stablishment:
WCS Bolivia and the German Development Service have
een supporting the sustainability o CRTM mainly through
rganizational strengthening and capacity-building or land
management, homeland deense and the generation o newrojects, with both nancial and human resources. They are also
unding some operational activities to provide sustainability to the
rganization as well as working on capacity-building and human
esource training or young leaders in the communities. The German
ociety or Technical Cooperation(under the German Developmentervice) also provided technical assistance in aspects o agricultural
roduction projects.
UNDESNAP provided nancial support or land protection,
monitoring, impact mitigation, capacity-building and
ommunication, and in addition, is providing nancial support
or eorts to strengthen the initiative through advocacy. Servicioudio Mundial is providing assistance with organizational capacityuilding, SERNAP has assisted with territorial protection and the
UMA Foundation provided support or the implementation o
roductive projects.
Other organizations such as Conservation International, the UNDP-
EFSmall Grants Programme, the Inter-American Foundation, theolivian government program or Climate Change, and the Schmitz
oundation in Germany, are unding or have unded projects and
nitiatives to improve sustainable productive initiatives to improve
ousehold income and thus strengthen the conservation o
esources. Conservation International has also provided assistance
n elements o organizational capacity building and bilingual
ducation.
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Equator Initiative
Environment and Energy GroupUnited Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
304 East 45th Street, Room 633A
New York, NY 10017
Tel: +1 646 781-4023
www.equatorinitiative.org
The United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) is the UNs global development network, advocating or change and
necting countries to knowledge, experience and resources to help people build a better lie.
The Equator Initiative brings together the United Nations, governments, civil society, businesses and grassroots organizati
o recognize and advance local sustainable development solutions or people, nature and resilient communities.
2012 by Equator Initiative
All rights reserved
FURTHER REFERENCE
Peredo-Videa, B. 2008. The Piln Lajas Biosphere Reserve and Indigenous Territory, Beni, Bolivia. Green College, University o Ox
http://cmsdata.iucn.org/downloads/pilon_lajas_bolivia_report_icca_grassroots_discussions.pd
Painter, R. L. E., Duran, A., Miro, E. 2011. Indigenous Alliances for Conservation in Bolivia. Conservation Biology. Volume 25, Iss
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2011.01767.x/pd
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