catherine de medici 1519-1589 wife of henry ii, queen of france her husband’s mistress was...
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Catherine de Medici
1519-1589
Wife of Henry II, Queen of France
Her husband’s mistress was actually the 2nd in power. When her husband was wounded in a jousting
tournament she was able to gain control and banish the
mistress from France.
3 of her sons would rule while she was alive, but it was
actually she who would do the ruling!
St. Bartholomew's Day Massacre
1572Catholics killed thousands of Huguenots in Paris. Similar massacres occurred
throughout France. Over
100,000 killed. Government
pardoned everyone involved
Between 1562 – 1598 the
Catholics and Huguenots
fought 8 wars in France
Catherine Medici viewing the wreckage Her daughter was promised to be wed to Henry of Navarre who was a Huguenot, but she used the wedding as a decoy to attack Protestants.
Henry IV (“the Great”) of France
1553 – 1610Began Bourbon
DynastyHe was a HuguenotEnacted the Edit of
Nantes which allowed religious toleration
in FranceHis potential mother-
in-law, Catherine Medici, is thought to
have allowed the marriage of her
daughter to Henry so that the Protestants could be massacred.
He was finally assassinated by a
fanatic in 1610
Louis XIII of France 1601-1643
He became king at the age of 8 and his mother
helped rule. In 1624, Cardinal Richelieu became
his chief advisor
Louis XIV, King of France (“The Sun
King”)
• He weakens the power of nobles• He increased the power of
government agents called intendants (tax collectors/judges)
• Along with his minister of finance, Jean Baptiste Colbert, they attempted to make France self-sufficient (mercantilism)—they used tax breaks, tariffs and encouraged colony development (e.g. fur trading)
Cardinal Richelieu 1585 – 1642
Rose thru the ranks of the clergy and was
appointed to the States-General (1st Estate).During the Huguenot
rebellion he made himself indispensable in court and in 2 years had
intrigued against the chief minister and
became the King’s Prime Minister
Since Louis XIV was so young, the real ruler of France was Cardinal Mazarin.
Mazarin was hated by many, especially the nobles.
Because of the years of anti-Mazarin riots, Louis decided when he took control he would never be weak.
Château of Versailles
Château of Versailles
Château of Versailles
Versailles's chapel
Marie-Antoinette's pastoral pond side Hameau in the park,
Fountain of Apollo
Fountain of Apollo
The Grand Perspective
Hall of Mirrors
Hall of Mirror
s
Bedchamber
Bedchamber
Throne Room
A little theater for the King & his friends
• Intendents – they collected taxes and administered justice. They were under the central control of the king. Louis XIV increased their power when he reduced the nobles power (he excluded them from councils)
• Jean Baptiste Colbert – minister of Finance. Believed in mercantilism (selling more goods than purchased – purchase goods made in home country, not imported)
• Skepticism – the idea that nothing can ever be known for certain. Doubting old truths was the 1st step towards finding the truth.
• War of Spanish Succession – When other European countries worried about Bourbons gaining strength, they fought this war. The Treaty of Utrecht allowed Louis’ grandson to remain king of Spain as long as Spain & France were not united (in America this war was called Queen Anne’s War)
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