cc1 notes intro
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TERMINOLOGIES
• Laboratory Medicine
Discipline involved in the selection,provision & interpretation ofdiagnostic testing that uses priaril!saples fro patients
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Testing involves:
Confrming a clinical suspicionExcluding a diagnosis
"ssisting in the selection,optimization & monitoring oftreatent
#roviding a prognosis
Screening for a disease in thea$sence of clinical signs ands!ptos
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Reference Standard
Single test or a co$ination
of ethods and techni%uesincluding clinical follo'up oftested patient
(est availa$le ethod foresta$lishing the presence ora$sence of target condition
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Core Laboratories#rovide high' volue & eergenc!
testing in an! hospitals
Depends on )
"utoation
Inforatics
*oputers+ualit! control
+ualit! anageent
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CLINICAL CHEMISTRY (ranch of edical la$orator! sciencehich deals ith the %uantitativeanal!sis of $iocheical productsfound in $iological uids such asseru, plasa, urine or spinal uid-
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Iportance.acilitate the correct
perforance of anal!ticalprocedures that !ield accurateand precise inforation,aiding patient diagnosis andtreatent
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Roles of Medical Technologist
Ensures achieveent of relia$le results$!)
*orrectl! using $asic supplies ande%uipent
/noing the di0erent $iocheicalsu$stances in ters of their nature,eta$olis, reference ranges and
varia$les that a! a0ect their anal!ses*orrelate test results ith pathologic
conditions
#erforing $asic la$orator! calculations
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#racticing %ualit! assurance and
la$orator! safet!#erfor correctl! la$ assa!s used to
easure concentration of speci1c
anal!teSolve coon pro$les encountered in
the clinical la$orator!
Manifest professional $ehavior and
attitudes
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CHEMICALS
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suita$le for use in ost anal!tic la$procedures
Meet the speci1cations set $! "erican*heical Societ! 2"*S3
Analytical Reagent Reagent !rade
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"ltra #$re additional puri1cation stepssuch chroatograph!, atoica$sorption, iunoassa!s orother techni%ues that re%uiree4treel! pure cheicals
5#L* or chroatographicla$eled
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Che%ically #$re
Ipurit! liitations are not
stated6 preparation is notunifor
Not recoended for
reagent preparation in clinla$s
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7S# 27nited States #haracopoeia3N. 2 National .orular!3
7sed to anufacture drugs6
liitations esta$lished are $asedonl! on that of not $eing in8uriousto health
Ma! or a! not eet all assa!re%uireents
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Technical Grade
7sed priaril! in anufacturingand should not $e used in theclin la$
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#ri%ary standard
5ighl! puri1ed cheical6 can $eeasured directl! to produce asu$stance of e4act 9non
concentration & purit!Secondary standard
Of loer purit!
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Standard Reference MaterialDeveloped $! National Institute
of Standards and Technolog!2NIST3
*erti1ed cheical coposition$ut a! not possess the purit!e%uivalent of a priar! standard
Often used to verif! cali$rationor accurac!:$ias assessent
7sed in the anufacture ofcali$rators and standard
aterials
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&ATER S#ECI'ICATI(NS
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)istilled *ater
E0ectivel! reoves $acteria, p!rogens,particulate atter, dissolved ioni;edsolids
)eioni+ed *ater
#repared fro ion e4change resin
E4cellent for reoval of dissolved ionsderived fro gases and solids $ut is
ine0ective for all other containantsDoes not reove particulate atter,
$acteria or p!rogens
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RE
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7ltra1ltration
Reoves particulate atter,eulsi1ed solids, ost$acteria & p!rogens
Does not e0ectivel! reovedissolved ioni;ed solids &gases & ost organic
containants
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"ltraviolet o,idation andsterili+ationReove trace %uantities of
organiccontainants2o4idation3&$acteria2sterili;ation
Di0erent avelengths are used
for these processes' =>? n foro4idation & @?A n forsterili;ation
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(+one7sed priaril! in industrial
settings6 e0ectivel! reovesorganic containants
/ills $acteria $! rupturing thecell e$rane alostinstantaneousl!2 @ secs3
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REA!ENT !RA)E&ATER
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B *"TEGORIES 2*LSI3)
*LRC2 *linical La$orator! Reagent Cater3Meet the speci1cations for ost routine
clin la$ use
Electrophoretic anal!ses, to4icolog!
screening procedure, preparation of$u0ers, standards and controls
SRC2 Special Reagent Cater
I.C 2Instruent .eed Cater3"CC 2"utoclave and Cash Cater
Cater supplied $! ethod anufacturer
*oerciall! $ottled puri1ed ater
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Ty-es of &ater
T!pe I5ave the ost stringent re%uireent &
generall! suita$le for routine la$ use
.or test ethods re%uiring iniuinterference such as trace etal, ironand en;!e anal!ses
T!pe II
.or %ualit! control standard preparation t!pe III
.or glassare ashing
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Testing #rocedures to deterine the%ualit! of reagent grade ater
Measureents of resistivit!
"ssess the ionic content of puri1ed ater
p5 , hardness*olon! counts
*hlorine
"onia, #OA, sodiu silica
Nitrite or nitrate, *O@, cheical o4!gendeand
Iron, etal detection
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