ccd and cmos sensors
Post on 14-Apr-2018
251 Views
Preview:
TRANSCRIPT
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
1/17
CCD and CMOS
Sensors
Craig Robinson
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
2/17
Definitions
CCD
Charge Coupled Device
CMOS
Complementary Metal Oxide
Semiconductor
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
3/17
What is CCD and CMOS?
Array of Diodes (photosites) that produce a
voltage:
Linearly Proportional to the AMOUNT incidentlight.
Non-linearly Dependant to the WAVELENGTH
Built out of layers of Silicone
Silicone is sensitive to light
Layers add functionality different layers perform
different functions. (called die)
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
4/17
CCD History
Invented in 1970 by Bell Labs
Honeywell developed this into an X-Y
scanner and taken further by IBM. Originallyfor data storage!
Taken up by research and astronomy areas.
Now used in security cameras, digitalcameras and virtually all digital video
applications.
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
5/17
CCD and CMOS Uses
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
6/17
CCD vs CMOS
Create high-quality,
low-noise images.
Greater sensitivity and
fidelity
100 times more power
Require specialized
assembly lines
Older and more
developed technology
More susceptible to
noise
Light sensitivity islower
Consume little
power
Easy to Manufacture
Cheaper
Picture quality, sensitivity and cost vs. Cost and battery life.
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
7/17
Types of CCD and CMOS
CCD and CMOS
Rotational Lens
Cheaper
Good quality
3 frames reqd only
stationary objects
Filter Array
Cheap
Easy Small
Beam Splitters
Expensive
High Quality
One frame
required
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
8/17
Properties
1. Resolution: 3.2 Megapixels (2054 x 1056)
2. Frame Rate: 30 ~ 500 Frames/sec
3. Dynamic Range: Signal noise ratio.
Dark Signal
4. Windowing: Enhance Region of Interest
5. Remote Control: Simple serial characters
6. Anti-blooming: Bright object saturation.
7. Interface: Serial, parallel, etc.
8. Power: +5VDC @ 2.5W
9. Size: 4mm and larger
10. Cost: $60 and upwards
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
9/17
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
10/17
Interfacing
Many different options: Serial Transmission
Parallel Transmission
VHF/UHF output
Requires specific power setup
Send Input data to setup:
Auto Gain Shutter Speed
Power mode, image specs etc
Increasing # of
onboard
calculations
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
11/17
Serial and Parallel
Requires MANY Pulses:
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
12/17
Timing
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
13/17
Example
Add a CCD / CMOS to the robot in thelab.
Robot must wander and clean the yourhouse while you are sleeping.
Choose CMOS due to lower powerconsumption.
Need high sensitivity for night vision.
Choose the Sharp LZOP3817.
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
14/17
Peripherals:
Pulse Pattern Generator
Vertical Drivers + DC/DC Converter
CDS - AGC ADC
CDS (correlated double sampling)
AGC (automatic gain control)
ADC (analog-to-digital convertor)
DSP
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
15/17
Board Layout
LZOP3817
CMOS
CHIP
DSK6711
(Or micro
controller)
DRAM
D 0 -7
ADRESSDATA
Vertical timing
Horizontal TimingGLUE
LOGIC
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
16/17
Manufacturers
Philips
Sharp
Dalsa
Fuji
SonyKodak
Polaroid
-
7/30/2019 Ccd and Cmos Sensors
17/17
References
HowStuffworks: Digital Cameras
www.dalsa.com/markets/Photonics_Spectra_CCDvsCMOS_Lit
willer.pdf
www.sharpsma.comwww.semiconductors.philips.com
http://www.ccd.com/
Peter McCullough at The University of Illinois (Astronomy)
http://www.dalsa.com/markets/Photonics_Spectra_CCDvsCMOS_Litwiller.pdfhttp://www.dalsa.com/markets/Photonics_Spectra_CCDvsCMOS_Litwiller.pdfhttp://www.sharpsma.com/http://www.ccd.com/http://www.ccd.com/http://www.sharpsma.com/http://www.dalsa.com/markets/Photonics_Spectra_CCDvsCMOS_Litwiller.pdfhttp://www.dalsa.com/markets/Photonics_Spectra_CCDvsCMOS_Litwiller.pdf
top related