cell structure
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Cell StructureChapter 7
Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes
Eukaryotes vs. Prokaryotes
• What do these two categories of cells have in common?
Eukaryotes
• Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles.
• Organelles: cell structure that performs a specialized function.
Eukaryotes
• 3 Common Features:
• 1) Plasma Membrane
• 2) Cytoplasm
• 3) Nucleus
Eukaryotes: Animal Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough)
Lysosome
Mitochondria
Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)
Ribosome
Golgi Apparatus
Chromatin
Golgi Apparatus
Nuclear Pore
Nuclear Envelope
Vacuole
Centrioles
Cell Membrane
Eukaryotes: Animal Cell
Jelly
Bean: ribo- maker
Golf Ball: Brain
Tunnels: Roads/Highways
Lys: To Split
Mighty: Powerhouse
Tunnels: Roads/Highways
Dots: Protein maker
GA: Go Away (UPS)
Spaghetti: DNA
GA: Go Away (UPS)
Holes
Outside of Golf Ball
Vacuum: food + trash
Sticks: Repro
Outside Cell: Squishy
Eukaryotes: Plant Cell
Cytoplasm
Nucleolus Nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough)
MitochondriaEndoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)
Ribosome
Golgi Apparatus
Chromatin
Chloroplast
Nuclear Pore
Nuclear Envelope
Vacuole
Centrioles
Cell Wall
Eukaryotes: Plant Cell
Jelly
Bean: Ribo- maker
“Brain”Tunnels: Roads/Highways
Mighty: PowerhouseTunnels: Roads/Highways
Dots: Protein Maker
GA: Go Away (UPS)
Spaghetti: DNA
Light Energy
Holes
Outside of Golf Ball
Vacuum: Food + Trash
Sticks: Repro
Outside Cell: Hard
Prokaryotes: BacteriaCilia/Flagella
Cytoplasm
Ribosome
Chromatin
Cell Wall
Prokaryotes: BacteriaHairs: Propellers
Jelly
Dots: Protein Maker
Spaghetti: DNA
Outside Cell: Hard
Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells
• Plant cells have 3 structures that animal cells do not:
• 1) Cell Wall
• 2) Vacuoles
• 3) Plastids (chloroplasts)
Animal Cells vs. Plant Cells
http://bp0.blogger.com/_4VOt8S8VNL0/R8F2tGlROWI/AAAAAAAAABA/Ar828_ym8Sc/s1600-h/Plant+Cell.gif
Plasma Membrane
http://glencoe.mcgraw-hill.com/sites/0078802849/student_view0/unit2/chapter7/section2/self-check_quizzes-english.html
Plasma Membrane• Outer covering of the cell
• Holds the cell together
• Protects contents
• Gives cell shape
• Regulates passage (selectively permeable)
• Regulates entrances and exits (selectively permeable)
Cell Wall
• Surrounds the cell membrane for protection and support
• Inflexible barrier
• Found in plant cells, bacteria, fungi, and some protists
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plantcell.html
Cytoplasm
• All processes occur here
• Semi-fluid material inside the cell (gelatin)
• Contains organelles
http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session1/closer1.html
Mitochondria• Powerhouse (makes energy
for the cell - cellular respiration)
• Two membranes (inner has many folds)
• Produces ATP (energy)
• Has own DNA
• Found in large numbers in cells that require a lot of energy
http://kdsell.pbworks.com/w/page/5722456/Mitochondria-The%20powerhouse
Chloroplast• Found only in plant
cells
• Contain green pigment (chlorophyll)
• Absorbs energy from the sun to convert CO2 and H2O into sugar (photosynthesis)
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/chloroplasts/chloroplasts.html
Nucleus• Function:
• Command center
• Instructions for making proteins
• Structure:
• Double membrane
• Holes (nuclear pores)
• Nucleolus (ribosomes made)
•Holds genetic information
•Chromosomes and DNA
http://kconline.kaskaskia.edu/bcambron/Biology%20117/Cells.htm
Nuclear Membrane
• Nuclear envelope
• Membrane surrounding nucleus
• Regulates passage of materials between nucleus and cytoplasm
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/nucleus/nucleus.html
Lysosome• Contain enzymes
necessary for digesting certain materials in the cell
• Formed by Golgi Apparatus
• Digest and recycle cells used components
http://kvhs.nbed.nb.ca/gallant/biology/lysosome.jpg
Vacuole• Store water,
nutrients (salts,proteins, carbohydrates), and waste materials
• If present in animal cells, they are much smaller than in plant cells
http://micro.magnet.fsu.edu/cells/plants/vacuole.html
Ribosomes
• Site of protein synthesis
• Found attached to ER or floating in cytoplasm
• Most numerous organelle
http://chaiyahong.blogspot.com/
http://accelbiosbhs.glogster.com/ribosomes/
Endoplasmic Reticulum• Membrane system of
sacs and tunnels
• Transportation system for molecules
• Stores proteins
• Rough ER: has ribosomes attached
• Smooth ER: has no attached ribosomes
http://accelbiosbhs.glogster.com/Endoplasmic-Reticulum/
Golgi Apparatus
• Processing center (packaging and secretion)
• Stacks of membranes
• Movement of proteins
• Modifies, packages, collects, and distributes molecules
http://www.sciencecontrol.com/golgi-apparatus-function.html
Cilia
• Short, hair-like projections
• Used to move cell or move harmful substances away from the cell
http://faculty.clintoncc.suny.edu/faculty/michael.gregory/files/bio%20101/bio%20101%20lectures/cells/cells.htm
Flagella
• Long, whip-like projections
• Used to move cell or move harmful substances away from the cell
http://sp.uconn.edu/~terry/229sp03/lectures/structure.html
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