cells and cell specialization

Cells and Cell SpecializationGeneral Science Ms S Butler

Objectives Identify and define parts of the cell

Introduction

Parts of a cell Organelle Nucleus Cytoplasm Protoplasm Chloroplasts Cell wall Cell membrane Vacuole

Define the partsUse the textbook

Pg 21-22

Plant Cell

Animal Cell

Specialized Cells All cells have a membrane, nucleus and

cytoplasm. However there are a great variety of

shapes. This is because each type of cell has a

particular job to do and its structure is formed to suit its

function. This is called cell specialization; there is a

division of labour among cells of the organism.

RED BLOOD CELLS Function: Carry

oxygen from lungs to

cells of the body. Adaptation: contain

a red substance called haemoglobin, which picks up oxygen.

Mature red blood cells have no nucleus

White Blood Cells White blood cells

defend the body against germs.

One type of WBC can engulf germs these are called Phagocytes

One type of WBC can produce substances called antibodies which destroy germs or poisons they produce

Muscle Cells- Smooth Muscle

Smooth muscle cells can

contract (shorten), this

contraction cause things to move.Found in internal organs like stomach , food canals

Muscle Cell- Skeletal Muscle Skeletal muscle

cells or striated or voluntary muscles

Can shorten to move bones.

Long, cylinder, shaped fibres that have striped appearance.

Muscle Cell- Cardiac Muscle Cardiac muscle cells

are found in the heart.

The contraction and relaxation of cardiac muscles cells cause the heart to pump blood throughout the body

Stripe appearance and from short branching threads or fibres.

Nerve Cell Carry messages

called impulses from one part of the body to another.

Adaptations: dendrites, axon, cell body

3 types: motor, sensory intermediate

Bone Cells Bone cells

make bone to support the body

Make bone marrow which makes red and white blood cells

Epithelial Cells Cover and

protect surfaces inside and outside the body.

The cheek cells inside the mouth and skin cells are examples of epithelial cells

Adaptation: Thin for absorption

Gametes- Sex Cells- Sperm Cell Sperm cell-

males have a tail for swimming, a head containing the nucleus, produced in the testis in males

Gametes- Sex Cells- Egg Cell

Egg cell- females store food in the cytoplasm for developing embryo, larger than other cells, produced in the ovaries.

Palisade Cells

Found in the leaves of plants contains lots of chloroplast for photosynthesis

Root Hair Cells

Found on the roots of plants in little hairs.

Long and thin to absorb water from the soil

Guard Cells Guard cells are

specialized cells located in the lower leaf epidermis of plants. These form tiny pores in the leaf surface are necessary for gas exchange into and out of the plant.

Questions Which Cell is responsible for:a) Absorbing water for plants?b) Transporting oxygen in animalsc) Making food for plantsd) Transporting messages around the

bodye) Allowing movement for the bodyf) Protect the body from infection

Questions What is a cell? Name the 3 basic parts of a cell. Name 2 main types of cells. Give 2

examples of each type. State 4 differences between the 2 main

types of cells. What is meant by the term cell

specialization.

Body Organization CELLS--> TISSUES--> ORGANS--> SYSTEMS-->

ORGANISM

We know what a cell is. What is a cell?

What is a tissue

A tissue is a group of similar cells working together to perform specific function.

Questions- THINK!!! What is an organ?

What is an organ system?

Name some examples of organ systems.

An organism is a whole functioning body that consists of a number of organ systems that work together to keep it alive.

Examples of Organs

Human Organ

Plant Organs

Heart LeafLungs StemBrain FlowerKidneys Root

S0ME OF THE MAJOR ORGANS IN THE HUMAN BODY

THE BRAIN

THE LUNGS

THE LIVERTHE STOMACH

THE BLADDER

NEXT

THE BRAIN

THE LUNGS

THE STOMACH

THE LIVER

THE BLADDER

THE HEART

THE KIDNEYS

What's My Function?

• Circulatory• Digestive• Endocrine• Excretory• Immune• Muscular• Nervous• Reproductive• Respiratory• Skeletal• Skin

• Carries needed material to and waste away from the body

• Takes in food, breaks it down, & absorbs nutrients

• Controls many regulatory processes by mean of chemicals

• Removes waste• Fights disease• Enables the body to move (voluntary &

involuntary motion)• Detects and interprets information from

the environment outside the body and from within the body

• Produces sex cells & controls male & female characteristics

• Supports the body, protects it and works with muscles to allow movement

• Protects the body, keeps water inside the body & regulates body temperature