cellular organization five levels of organization within the human body
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Cellular Organization
Five Levels of Organization Within the Human Body
The Benefits of Being Multicellular•Larger size
▫The larger you are, the less predators you have, and you can eat larger prey!
•Longer life▫Longer life-span than unicellular
organisms.•Specialization
▫Each type of cell has a particular job.▫This makes the organism more efficient.
Levels of Organization
• From smallest to largest:
Cells
Tissues
Organs
Organ systems
Organism
Cells
•Cell – basic unit of structure and function in a living thing
Tissues
•Tissue – group of similar cells that perform the same function.
•Most animals (including humans) have four basic types of tissue:▫Muscle tissue▫Nerve tissue▫Connective tissue▫Protective tissue
Muscle Tissue
•Muscle tissue – makes parts of your body move by contacting (or shortening)
Nerve Tissue
•Nerve tissue – carries messages back and forth between the brain and every other part of the body.
Connective Tissue
•Connective Tissue – provides support for your body and connects all its parts.▫Ex:
Bone – supports & protects Fat – insulation & energy storage Blood
Protective Tissue
•Also known as epithelial tissue – covers the surfaces of your body (inside & out).
Plant Tissues
•Plants have three types of tissues:1. Transport tissue - moves water and
nutrients throughout the plant2. Protective tissue – covers the plant; helps
the plant retain water & protects it from damage
3. Ground tissue – tissue where photosynthesis occurs
Organs•Organ – structure
composed of different kinds of tissue working together ▫Each organ performs a
specific job.▫Ex:
Heart – pumps blood throughout the body
Stomach – breaks down food so that it can be absorbed by the intestines.
Organ Systems
•Organ system – a group of organs that work together to perform a major function.▫Ex:
Circulatory system – heart, blood vessels, blood
Organism
•Organism - a living thing
Structure & Function•Structure - the arrangement of parts in
an organism▫Includes the shape of a part and the
material from which it is made.•Function - the job the part does
▫Ex: structure of lungs (spongy sac) is related to its function
Homeostasis
•The different organ systems work together and depend on one another.▫Ex:
Respiratory, digestive & circulatory systems work together to fuel muscles with the energy they need.
•The systems of the human body work together to maintain homeostasis.
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