cellular respiration -...

Cellular Respiration

Warm Up!!!Where do you get energy from?

Would you consider these energy sources “fuel”?

Food is Fuel• Energy is stored in bonds of the food we eat!

• Calories measure the amount of energy in food.1 Calorie = amount of energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 gram of water 1 degree Celsius.

What happens when we consume too many calories????

How do we get energy from the foods we eat???

Cellular respiration is a process in which organisms use oxygen and glucose ( or other food molecules) to create ATP (energy).

What do you notice about this equation????

Mitochondria- The Powerhouse of the Cell!!

• Inner membrane has many folds called cristae. More sites to make ATP. (Increased surface area)

• The matrix is the fluid within the inner membrane.

Two types of Cellular Respiration

• Aerobic respiration uses oxygen to make energy (lots of ATP made)

• Anaerobic respiration does not use oxygen (very little ATP made)

3 Main Stages of Cellular Respiration

If it all happened in 1 big reaction most of the energy would be released as light and heat!!!!

Stage 1: Glycolysis

Stage 1: Glycolysis• 1st stage of cellular respiration

• Occurs in the cytoplasm

• Molecules of glucose are broken in half making 2 molecules of pyruvic acid.

• Does not require oxygen!!!! (anaerobic)

Stage 1: Glycolysis• The cell uses 2 ATP to get the reaction started• 4 ATP molecules are made• Net gain of 2 ATP molecules• 2 NAD+ accept 4 high energy electrons making 2 NADH

that goes on to power the rest of the steps of cellular respiration. Still lots of

energy to be extracted !!

If oxygen is not present glycolysis is followed by………

• Fermentation – release of energy from food molecules by producing ATP in the absence of oxygen.

• 2 types of fermentation– Alcoholic fermentation – bread dough rises

– Lactic Acid fermentation – muscle burn

Alcoholic Fermentation

Produces 2 molecules of ATP and CO2

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Only produces 2 molecules of ATP!!!!!

Stage 2: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

Stage 2: Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle)

• Requires oxygen – aerobic

• Occurs in the mitochondrion.

• CO2 released.

• ATP, NADH and FADH2

(similar molecule to NADPH) made to provide energy for the electron transport chain to generate a large amount of ATP.

Citric Acid Cycle(Krebs Cycle)1. Pyruvic acid that was made in

glycolysis is broken down and converted to Acetyl CoA.

2. Acetyl CoA is further broken down into citric acid.

3. Citric acid is broken down into a 5-carbon compound and then broken into a 4-carbon compound that starts the cycle all over again.

2 molecules of Pyruvic acid yield the following molecules!!!

6 - molecules of CO2

8 – NADH2 – FADH22 – molecules of ATP

Stage 3: Electron Transport

The Electron Transport Chain uses all the high energy electrons from NADH and FADH2 to make large amounts of ATP via ATP synthase, an enzyme that turns ADP +P into ATP!!

The Total Energy Tally

Overview of Photosynthesis and Cellular Respiration

How are the two processes, cellular respiration and breathing, connected in this diagram???

Compare and Contrast

Photosynthesis Cellular Respiration

Function

Organelle

Reactants

Products

Equation

Student Sex(M or F)

Resting Heart Rate (bpm)

Resting Carbon Dioxide

production (time)

Elevated Heart

Rate (bpm)

Elevated

Carbon Dioxide

production

(time)

Averages

Summarizer

Because fermentation takes place in the absence of oxygen, it is said to be

A.Aerobic

B. Anaerobic

C. Cyclic

D. Makes oxygen

Summarizer

During exercise, the buildup of lactic acid is primarily due to which of the following processes?

A.Glycolysis

B. Fermentation

C. Krebs Cycle

D. Electron Transport

Summarizer

The Krebs Cycle and the Electron Transport Chain take place in the

A.Nucleus

B. Chloroplast

C. Cytoplasm

D. Mitochondria

Summarizer

In cells, the energy available in food is used to make a compound high in energy called:

A.Water

B. Sugar

C. ATP

D. Fats

Summarizer

Cellular respiration is the process by which:

A. Oxygen is used to transport energy across the body

B. Light energy is converted to kinetic energy

C. Energy from food is captured by an organism

D. ATP is converted to sugar and water

Summarizer

Which of the following processes occur in a plant leaf?

A. Photosynthesis

B. Cellular Respiration

C. Both A and B

D. Neither A or B

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Summarizer

The Krebs cycle breaks pyruvic acid down into

a) oxygen.

b) NADH.

c) carbon dioxide.

d) alcohol.

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What role does the Krebs cycle play in the cell?a) It breaks down glucose and releases its stored

energy.

b) It releases energy from molecules formed during glycolysis.

c) It combines carbon dioxide and water into high-energy molecules.

d) It breaks down ATP and NADH, releasing stored energy.

Summarizer

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

In eukaryotes, the electron transport chain is located in the

a) cell membrane.

b) inner mitochondrial membrane.

c) cytoplasm.

d) outer mitochondrial membrane.

Summarizer

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

To generate energy over long periods, the body must use

a) stored ATP.

b) lactic acid fermentation.

c) cellular respiration.

d) glycolysis.

Summarizer

Copyright Pearson Prentice Hall

Which statement correctly describes photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

a) Photosynthesis releases energy, while cellular respiration stores energy.

b) Photosynthesis and cellular respiration use the same raw materials.

c) Cellular respiration releases energy, while photosynthesis stores energy.

d) Cellular respiration and photosynthesis produce the same products.

Summarizer