cervical vertebrae 1
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Cervical vertebrae
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The first cervical vertebra.
� General features: The first cervical vertebra) isnamed the Atlas, because it supports the globe of the head.
� It differs from all the other vertebra in having nobody.
� In addition, it has no spine.
� The atlas consists of two bulky lateral masses,connected to each other in front by a shortanterior arch, and behind by a long, curved,
posterior arch. It therefore forms a ring of bone.� When the atlas and the second cervical vertebra
are articulated together, an upward projectionfrom the latter, which is termed the odontoid
process.
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Axis (anatomy)
� The second cervical vertebra.
� It forms the pivot upon which the first cervical
vertebra (the atlas), which carries the head,rotates.
� The most distinctive characteristic of this bone
is the strong odontoid process ("dens") which
rises perpendicularly from the upper surface
of the body
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The body
� The body is deeper in front than behind, andprolonged downward anteriorly so as tooverlap the upper and front part of the third
vertebra.
� It presents in front a median longitudinalridge, separating two lateral depressions forthe attachment of the longuss colli muscles.
� Its under surface is concave from beforebackward and convex from side to side.
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Other features
� The dense, or odontoid process , exhibits a slightconstriction or neck where it joins the body.
� The pedicles are broad and strong, especially in front,where they coalesce with the sides of the body and theroot of the odontoid process. They are covered above by
th
e superior articular surfaces.� The laminae are thick and strong, and the vertebral
foramen large, but smaller than that of the atlas.
� The transverse process are very small, and each ends in asingle tubercle; each is perforated by the transverse
foramen , which is directed obliquely upward and laterally.� The spinous process is large, very strong, deeply
channelled on its under surface, and presents a bifid,tuberculated extremity.
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The seventh cervical vertebra
� General features:� The seventh cervical vertebra:
� is named the vertebra prominens because of itslong spine, the tip of which can be felt through the
skin at the lower end of the furrow.� This process is thick and nearly horizontal in
direction; it is not bifurcated but ends in a tubercle.
� The transverse processes are of considerable size.
� The anterior parts are usually slender, but they mayform separate bones, which are then known ascervical ribs.
� The foramen transversarium is relatively small;
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A typical cervical vertebra.
� General features.-
� The body is small and is broader from side to side thanfrom before backwards.
� The vertebral foramen is large in proportion to the size of the body and it is triangular in outline.
� The pedicles, which project laterally as well as backwards.
� The superior and inferior vertebral notches are almostequal,
� The laminae are relatively long and narrow, and are thinnerabove than below.
� The spine (spinous process) is s
hort and bifid.
� The superior and inferior articular processes processesform an articular pillar, which projects laterally at the
junction of the pedicle and lamina.
� The transverse process is pierced by the foramen.
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