ch. 14- scientific revolution
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Ch. 14- Scientific Revolution
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zHUWP9zu
4W8 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lr_bQs4oXg
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Gradual movement that consisted of a few
hundred scientists over a period of many years (1470s-1730s) in different countries
New Advances (especially in astronomy) captured public attention and allowed movement to gain cultural authority
Scientific Revolution
Questioned the Geocentric view of the
universe sponsored by Ptolemy On the Revolutions of Heavenly Spheres
Book written by Copernicus Argued heliocentric view of the universe
Nicholas Copernicus
Made more extensive observations than any
previous astronomer. Advance Heliocentric view
Tycho Brahe (1546-1601)
Brahe’s Assistant Used Brahe’s research to advance Heliocentric
view The New Astronomy
Planets orbited around the sun in a elliptical fashion
Johannes Kepler 1571-1630
One of first astronomers to view sky with
telescope Popularized Copernican interpretation of
heavens using empirical rationale evidence
Galileo Galilei 1564-1642
Principia Mathematic (1687) Proved mathematically that planets and other
physical objects moved through mutual attraction, or gravity
Isaac Newton 1642- 1727
God as a divine watchmaker: World is
perceived in mechanical terms
Philosophy responds to Science
Novum Organum and The Advancement of
Learning Urged peers to continue search for truth in
natural world Encouraged Further Experimentation
Francis Bacon
Developed the Scientific Method Discourse on Method
Argued that all thought should be founded on Mathematical model and rejected any thought not founded on reason
Rene Descartes (1596-1650)
Leviathan
People are born naturally evil Human beings are at war with others and
themselves Rulers should have no limits on Power
Thomas Hobbes 1588-1679
First Treatise of Government and Second
Treatise of Government People are born good Government should protect basic rights: Life,
Liberty, Property Social Contract: People should enter into a
contract with government to preserve natural rights
John Locke
Galileo- angers church with his interpretation.
Put on trial and sentenced to house arrest for his disobedience
Blaise Pascal- French mathematician who saw religion as separate from reason and Science. Allied himself with Jansenists Wager- Better to believe and get rewards and
instead of not believe and face consequences
New Science and Religious Faith
Rational God- scientific advancements are
apart of god’s plan
English Approach to Science and Religion
From 1400-1700 an estimated 70,000-100,000
people sentenced to death for magic and witchcraft
Cunning Folk- people who possessed “special powers”
Church declares that only priests possess magical abilities. Those who practiced magic outside the church
were inspired by the devil https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X2xlQaimsGg
Continuing Superstition
Philosophy: Margaret Cavendish- significant contributions
to the field of Philosophy Debated with Descartes and Hobbes First Women invited to Royal Society of London
Observations upon Experimental Philosophy Grounds of Natural Philosophy
Women and Scientific Rev
Maria Cunitz- Publishes a book Maria Winkelmann- discovered a comet in
1702 and not given credit until 1930 Emilie Du Chatelet- translated Newton’s
Principia to french
Astronomy
“The Scientific Revolution was not a revolution
in Science, but rather was a revolution in thought.” Assess the Validity of this statement.
FRQ
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