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Ch. 2
PopulationKEY ISSUE #1
WHERE IS THE WORLD’S
POPULATION DISTRIBUTED?
KEY ISSUE #2
WHERE HAS THE WORLD’S
POPULATION INCREASED?
KEY ISSUE #3
WHY IS POPULATION
INCREASING AT DIFFERENT
RATES IN DIFFERENT COUNTRIES?
KEY ISSUE #4
WHY MIGHT THE WORLD
FACE AN OVERPOPULATION
PROBLEM?
Ch. 2 Population
Orphan shoes in Nepal
Typical Person
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4B2xOvKFFz4&list=FL1GsI
rXWRtUpWBna5BkgWjA&index=2
Who’s the most typical person in the world?
This cartogram is a reference map showing
percentages of one theme, population.
Which is larger, China or India?
Compare the actual land size of
Bangladesh in the political map on the
right to the size in the cartogram. What
can you deduce from these maps?
Cartogram on a national scale: China Provinces
Size According to
Population Actual Size of Provinces
Population Density: What is the spatial
distribution of people in South Asia and China
compared to global population rates?
Population Density and Climate
What is the Relationship?
Ecumenes: A portion of the earth’s surface occupied by permanent human settlement.
What Climates do People
Avoid?
• Cold areas (polar regions)
• High areas (Mts, except for
the Andes and some areas
of Africa)
• Arid areas too dry for
farming (deserts)
• Wet areas (rainforests,
flooded basins)
A Population Density map of South Asia: By
which water or physical features do people
cluster? What cultural aspects influence these
crowded ecumenes?
Arithmetic Density
Arithmetic Density - How many
people live in an area of land
Bigger Country = Lower Density
COUNTRY # people per sq km
MACAU 20,824.4
MONACO 16,486.7
HONG KONG 6,571.14
NETHERLANDS 466.45
CHINA 133.69
UNITED STATES 32
USED TO COMPARE
DISTRIBUTION OF
POPULATION IN
DIFFERENT
COUNTRIES
Physiological Density: the number
of people supported by a unit of
arable land.
Agricultural Density: the ratio of the
number of farmers to the amount of
arable land.
Dominance of Percentage of Population in
the Northern Hemisphere compared to the
Southern Hemisphere.
East and South Asia
Western Europe
North America
Other population centers
Other regions
• Southeast Asia
• South America,
Africa, and
Australia do not
have comparable
population concentrations
Countries with Largest Pop
Country Population 2007 Percentage of world
population
Country Population 2050 Percentage of
world population
China 1,318 million 19.9% India 1,747 million 26.4%
India 1,132 million 17.1% China 1,437 million 21.7%
United States 302 million 4.6% United States 420 million 6.3%
Indonesia 232 million 3.5% Indonesia 297 million 4.5%
Brazil 189 million 2.9% Pakistan 295 million 4.5%
Pakistan 169 million 2.6% Nigeria 282 million 4.3%
Bangladesh 149 million 2.3% Brazil 260 million 3.9%
Nigeria 144 million 2.2% Bangladesh 231 million 3.5%
Russia 142 million 2.2% Dern. Rep. of
Congo
187 million 2.8%
Japan 128 million 1.9% Philippines 150 million 2.3%
Plaid Avenger explains Population
Pyramids
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fy
3mhBGu8wM
Compare an MDC (Japan) to an LDC (Zimbabwe)
The shape of a pyramid is determined by its crude birth rate
A Demographic Analysis of
Afghanistan
Bhutan: A Demographic Analysis
http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country/btportal.html
Afghanistan: A Demographic Analysis http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country/afportal.html#PYR
India: A Demographic Analysis http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country/inportal.html
Pakistan: A Demographic Analysis http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country/pkportal.html
Sri Lanka: A Demographic Analysis http://www.census.gov/ipc/www/idb/country/ceportal.html
Australia
Nairobi 2005
The impact of AIDS
Compare the following factors:
LDC Crude Birth Rate = high
Crude Death Rate = low
Infant Mortality Rate = high
Literacy Rate = low
School Enrollment = low
Total Fertility Rate =high
Total % of pop under 15 =high
Life Expectancy = low
Natural Increase Rate = high
GNI Gross National Income =
low
MDC Crude Birth Rate = low
Crude Death Rate =low
Infant Mortality Rate = low
Literacy Rate = high
School Enrollment = high
Total Fertility Rate = low
Total % of pop under 15 = low
Life Expectancy = high
Natural Increase Rate = low
GNI Gross National Income =
high
Crude Birth Rate
Family Planning: Birth
Control
Let’s compare
Crude Death Rate
Dependency ratio: Young, below 15 and
old, retirement age worldwide
2 demographic factors in ChinaGDP per capita
Literacy Rate
Compare what we consider poverty to a global view:
Based on GDP per capita, a demographic factor
Application of SCALE, national vs. global
Do a comparison of demographic factors
between countries at
www.prb.org
http://www.prb.org/pdf08/08WPDS_Eng.pdf
http://www.prb.org/Publications/GraphicsBank.aspx
You can also download a fact sheet from
www.census.gov www.census.gov
Factfinder: thematic and
reference maps for
demographics
http://www.prb.org/Publications/Datasheets/2011/world-
population-data-sheet.aspx
.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sc4HxPxNrZ0&feature=player_em
bedded
Clock
http://www.peterrussell.com/Odds/WorldClock.php
Overpopulation: A place does not have
the carrying capacity(available
resources) for its population
Physiological density: # of
people per unit area of arable
land
Agricultural density: ratio of the
number of farmers to the
amount of arable land.
Carrying capacity changes over
time and land degradation.
Pre-industrial South Asia2002 South Asia
Overpopulation: Mali is sparsely
inhabited but has limited resources
Thomas Malthus: An Essay on the Principle of
Population - 1798
Population increased geometrically and food supply
increased arithmetically.
Malthus:
Today: 1 person, 1 unit
of food
25 years later: 2 persons,
2 units of food
50 years later: 4 persons,
3 units of food
75 years later: 8 persons,
4 units of food
100 years later: 16
persons, 5 units of food
Malthus theory compared to actual
world food production and
population, 1950-2000.
Malthus: pop growth would press against available
resources in every country, unless moral restraint
produced lower CBRs and disease, famine, war would
produce higher CDRs
Neo-Malthusians
1. Due to the medical
revolution, many LDCs
have many more
people surviving, higher
CBRs but not more food
production
2. War and violence will
increase dramatically in
the future because so
many people will be
competing for resources
Critics of Malthus
1. He did not take into account
technology that produces
more food (Green Revolution,
hybrid seeds, fertilizer, etc.)
2. Larger pop stimulates eco
growth and production of
more food.
3. More people more brains to
stimulate more ideas.
4. better off with 6 billion than 1
because too few people
retards eco growth
Population Growth Policies to
Curb Overpopulation
Kenya http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalan
ce/campaigns.html
China
http://www.nytimes.com/2008/06/29/magazine/29Birth-t.html?fta=y
http://www.economist.com/node/21526776?fsrc=scn/tw/te/ar/thelas
twoman
Government programs in
India to curb the fertility
rate
-Sterilization Programs- unpopular due to
Gandhi’s program
-Sex-selection tests: outlawed but still in existence
-Outlawing the Bride Price/Dowry which made it a
burden on a family to have a girl
-Population Growth posters to encourage small
families or to choose girls instead of boys
Overpopulation: Population Growth Policies
Poster encouraging couples to
have small families, showing
contraceptive choices
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/nova/worldbalan
ce/campaigns.html
Poster depicting to choose to
have girls who can be productive
citizens.
http://www.pbs.org/frontlineworld/rough/2007/04/the_missing_gir
.html
Even with reduced fertility rates, population
continues to grow in South Asia and India in
particular will pass China in 2035
Nepalese School Children Choose Girls!
What characteristics do countries display as
they progress through demographic stages of
development?
The Demographic Transition Model
Stages 1-4
Cape Verde in stage 2,
typical of an LDC
Denmark’s history of population growth, stage 4 since 1970s, large % of elderly
and small % of children, typical of an
MDC
The Plaid Avenger explains the
DTMhttps://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uqkE4iiHDgc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Fy3mhBGu8wM
DTM Stages by the Plaid Avenger
1. Billy White loses his
job as a grave
digger.
• 2. Parents start to think
more about
family planning.
• 3. Children are warmer
in bed at night
because they have
more sisters and
brothers.
4. There are more
Golden Weddings.
• 5. A mother sobs over
the grave of her
last six children who
died in a typhoid
epidemic.
6. A lot more houses are
being built.
• 7. The Public Health
Inspector smiles as
the building of sewers
is completed.
8. Fewer children
share a bedroom.
9. Grandparents are
very rare.
• 10. People are
encouraged to
emigrate to
the colonies.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwfH1gYkXTw&list=PLiGXGf3K4NYZCLTdA
aVU3YJXc2szDeENU
World Growth explained
http://www.ted.com/talks/lan
g/en/hans_rosling_religions_an
d_babies.html
Crude Birth Rate changes as
countries progress towards
development, through the DTM
The United States remains in
stage 3 of the demographic
transition model despite its’MDC status.
WHY?
Projection for growth of the U.S. into stage 4
with a major cohort of the population being
elderly or 65 and older by 2020. Why?
Resources:DE BLIJ, HARM, J. (2007). HUMAN GEOGRAPHY PEOPLE, PLACE AND CULTURE.
HOBOKEN, NJ: JOHN WILEY & SONS INC.
DOMOSH, MONA, NEUMANN, RODERIC, PRICE, PATRICIA, & JORDAN-BYCHKOV, 2010. THE HUMAN MOSAIC, A CULTURAL APPROACH TO HUMAN GEOGRAPHY. NEW YORK: W.H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY.
FELLMAN, JEROME, D., GETIS, ARTHUR, & GETIS, JUDITH, 2008. HUMANGEOGRAPHY, LANDSCAPES OF HUMAN ACTIVITIES. BOSTON, MA: MCGRAW-HILL HIGHER EDUCATION.
PULSIPHER, LYDIA MIHELIC AND ALEX M. AND PULSIPHER, 2008. WORLD REGIONAL GEOGRAPHY, GLOBAL PATTERNS, LOCAL LIVES. W.H. FREEMAN AND COMPANY NEW YORK.
RUBENSTEIN, JAMES M. (2008). AN INTRODUCTION TO HUMAN GEOGRAPHY THE CULTURAL LANDSCAPE. UPPER SADDLE RIVER, NJ: PEARSON PRENTICE HALL.
BENEWICK, ROBERT, & DONALD, STEPHANIE H. (2005). THE STATE OF
CHINA ATLAS. BERKELEY: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA PRESS.
HTTP://WWW.PBS.ORG/WGBH/NOVA/WORLDBALANCE/
HTTP://WWW.CENSUS.GOV/CGI-BIN/IPC/IDBPYRS.PL?CTY=IN&OUT=D&YMAX=250
WWW.WORLDMAPPER.ORG
WWW.POPULATIONCONNECTION.ORG
HTTP://WWW.PBS.ORG/FRONTLINEWORLD/ROUGH/2007/04/THE_MISSING_GIR.HTML
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