ch. 5 sec. 1 power point

George WashingtonFrench and Indian War

Colony

• When a country claims land in a different place and uses it to gain power and wealth by using and abusing its resources

• Push down one domino

• They all fall down

George WashingtonFrench and Indian War

England, France, Spain, and the Netherlands competed for trade in the colonies. France claimed the vast area that stretched from the St. Lawrence River west to the Great Lakes and south to the Gulf of Mexico.

Conflict in the Ohio Valley By the 1740s, English traders were crossing theAppalachian Mts. in search of furs. France was determined to stop the English from expanding westward. The Ohio River was important to the French be-cause it provided a vital link between land in Canada and their settlements along the Mississippi River.

Native Americans Choose Sides France had built a strong alliance with the NativeAmerican groups of the Algonquins and Hurons. Many English settlers were farmers and they usually ignored Indian rights by felling trees and clearing land for crops. A British alliance was attractive to the Iroquios because they were enemies of the Algonquin, and Huron peoples.

The French and Indian War began in 1754.

A Young Bold Leader Washington was only 22 years old in 1754. He grew up on a plantation in Virginia, he was gifted in mathematics and began working as a land surveyor at the age of 15. Washington was to build a fort where the Monongahela and Allegheny rivers meet to form the Ohio River.

A Young Bold Leader Washington led 150 men into the Ohio country inApril of 1754, along the way Washington heard the French had built Fort Duquesne at the very spot Washington had hoped to build his fort.

Pittsburgh

A Young Bold Leader Determined to carry out his orders Washington carries out a surprise attack on the French. Washington quickly makes a makeshift stockade, Fort Necessity. 700 French and Indians surround the fort, the Virginians surrender.

Fort Necessity

Further British Setbacks During the next two years British attacks againstFrench forts failed. Meanwhile, the French won important victories capturing Fort Oswego and Fort William Henry.

VS.

In 1757, William Pitt becomes the head of British government. Pitt makes his first job to win the war in NorthAmerica. Pitt sends Britain’s best generals to North America and promises payments to colonists who support Britain.

William Pitt

Battle for Quebec Quebec is the capital of New France. Quebec was vital to the defense of New France. The city sat on the Plains of Abraham, on top of a steep cliff high above the St. Lawrence River.

Battle for Quebec British General Wolfe devises a plan to capture Quebec. He knew that French General Montecalm had only a few soldiers guarding the cliff because the French thought it was too steep to climb. Late at night, the British take foot to the cliff. The next morning 4,000 British troops are drawn and ready for battle on the Plains of Abraham.

Battle for Quebec

On September 18, 1759Quebec is surrendered to the British.

Treaty of Paris The Treaty of Paris ends the war. The treaty ends French power in North America. Britain gains Canada and all French lands eastof the Mississippi River except New Orleans. Spain which enters the war on the French side has to give up Florida and is given all land west ofthe Mississippi River.

How did the map of North America change after the French and Indian War ended?