ch 7.2: cell organelles biology i wilson. objectives identify the different organelles inside cells...
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Ch 7.2: Cell Organelles
Biology IWilson
Objectives
Identify the different organelles inside cells
Describe the structure and function of organelles
Distinguish between plant and animals cells
Eukaryotic Cells
Animal Cells Plant Cells Protist Fungi
Animal Cell Organelles
Nucleus Ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Mitochondria Centrioles
Plant Cell Organelles
Nucleus Ribosomes Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Golgi Apparatus Lysosomes Mitochondria Vacuoles/Central Vacuole Chloroplasts
Nucleus
Type of Cells: Eukaryote Plants Animals Fungi Protists
Pronunciation: Nu-Klee-us
Nucleus: Organelle Function
Contains DNA, the information that controls the cell
Controls Cell Processes The Boss of a company
Nucleus: Organelle Function
Made up ofNuclear Envelope: surrounds
nucleusNuclear Pore: openings in
envelopeChromatin: DNA bound to proteinsNucleolus: Assembly of
Ribosomes
Nucleus Drawing
Ribosome
Type of Cells: Prokaryote and Eukaryotes
Pronunciation: Ry-bo-zoem
Ribosome: Organelle Function
Small particles of RNA and Proteins
Found: Free within the cytoplasm Attached to Rough ER
Protein Synthesis -Produce (make) proteins
Making of the item to be shipped
Ribosome Drawing
Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth)
Type of Cell: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: En-doh-PLAZ-mik-rih-
TIK-yuh-lum
Endoplasmic Reticulum (smooth): Organelle Function
Folding layers of membranes
Packaging Center for Transports materials (proteins or other items)
Where lipid bilayers are added to the materials that need to be transported
Detoxification of drugs Liver contains a large sum
of Smooth ER
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum Drawing
Endoplasmic Reticulum (Rough)
Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Plants, Animals, Protists, Fungi
Pronunciation: En-doh-PLAZ-mik-rih-TIK-yuh-lum
Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough): Organelle Function
Folding layers of membranes
E.R. with attached Ribosomes
Same functions as Smooth E.R. adding a lipid bilayer
In addition has ribosomes attached making proteins Packages the proteins
Endoplasmic Reticulum (rough): Organelle Function
Like putting the item to be shipped in a box (box is the packaging)
Sends packaged proteins to other parts of the cell (conveyer belt)
Found Right Next to the Nucleus
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum Drawing
Golgi Apparatus (Golgi Body)
Type of Cell: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Goal-gee App-ah-rat-
us
Golgi Apparatus: Organelle Function
Also called Golgi Body Takes in the proteins that
were packaged by the ER Finalizes the packaging of
the vesicle (like adding tape to seal the box)
Modifies and sorts the proteins (puts package in trucks to be shipped)
Lysosome
Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: LY-suh-sohmz
Lysosome: Organelle Function
Small round membrane surrounded organelles filled with enzymes
Found anywhere in the cytoplasm
Digests or breaks down macromolecules so they can be used by the rest of the cell
Eat worn out organelles Remove “junk” Cleanup Crew
Lysosome Drawing Sometimes they are called suicide bags because
they encase the worn out part that is to be digested. Tay-Sachs disease can be traced if lysosomes don’t
function properly
Mitochondria
Type of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Myt-oh-KAHN-dree-
uh
Mitochondria: Organelle Function
Enclosed by two membranes Outer membrane Inner membrane is
folded up inside the organelle
Power House of the Cell (makes ATP)
Mitochondria: Organelle Function Convert chemical energy to useful compounds
(converts food) Glucose + O2 H2O + CO2 + Energy (ATP)
Source of Energy (Power Company)
Inherited from the cytoplasm of the ovum (egg)…Your Mom
Mitochondria Movie
Cell Membrane
Type Cells: Eukaryotes Prokaryotes
Cell Membrane
Bilipid layer (2 layers of phospholipids)
Also has proteins, cholesterol, carbohydrates
Regulates the passage of molecules into and out of the cell
Analogy – Fence and/or gate
Cytoskeleton:
Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Site-oh-skell-iton
Cytoskeleton: Microfilaments Threadlike Tough, flexible framework
that supports cell Helps cells move
Cytoskeleton: Microtubules
Types of Cells: Eukaryotes Pronunciation: Mik-roe-toob-you-els
Cytoskeleton: Microtubules
Hollow Maintains cell’s shape (foundation
and framework)
Microtubule Drawing
Cytoskeleton
Types of Cells: Eukaryotes – Animal Cells Only
Pronunciation: Scent-tree-ohls
Cytoskeleton: Centrioles
Hollow Support structure Used in cell division
Central Vacuole
Types of cells: Eukaroytes – Plants and some Protists
Pronunciation: VAK-yoo-ohlz
Animal Cells
Animal Cells
Central Vacuole: Organelle Function
Saclike structure Stores materials such as water,
salts, proteins, and carbohydrates Cells Storage Facility
Other Vacuoles
Found in Eukaryotes Storage Units Pumps water out of cell to maintain
homeostasis
Chloroplast
Types of cells: Eukaryotes – Plants and Protists
Pronunciation: Klohr-oh-plast
Chloroplast: Organelle Function
Captures light energy and converts it to chemical energy
Solar Powers the Plant Drives Photosynthesis Reaction is Catalyzed
by Light
Cell Wall
Type of Cell Eukaryotes – Plants and Protists Prokaryotes
Cell Wall
Made of cellulose (carbohydrate - starch)
Provides protection
Prevents cell from exploding when filled with water
Plant Cells
Plant Cells
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