ch04 cpr.ppt [read-only] · 2016. 11. 27. · – cpr – defibrillation – advanced care –...

CPRCPR

Heart Attack and Cardiac Arrest

• A heart attack occurs when heart muscle tissue dies.

• Cardiac arrest results when the heart • Cardiac arrest results when the heart stops beating.

Caring for Cardiac Arrest

• Chain of survival

– Recognition and action

– CPR

– Defibrillation– Defibrillation

– Advanced care

– Post-arrest care

Performing CPR

• Check for responsiveness.

• Check for breathing.

• Call 9-1-1.• Call 9-1-1.

• CPR if unresponsive and not breathing

– Chest compressions

– Rescue breaths

© Berta A. Daniels, 2010

Chest Compressions(1 of 3)

• 2 hands for adults

• 1 or 2 hands for a child

• 2 fingers for an infant

• Compression depth– Adult and child: 2 inches– Adult and child: 2 inches– Infant: 1½ inches

(1/3 depth of the chest)

• Compression rate– At least 100 per minute– 30 compressions in

18 seconds

© Berta A. Daniels, 2010

Chest Compressions(2 of 3)

• Location

– Adult and child: center of chest between nipples

– Infants: just below nipple line

• Cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until:• Cycles of 30 compressions and 2 breaths until:

– AED becomes available.

– Victim shows signs of life.

– EMS takes over.

– You are too tired to continue.

Chest Compressions(3 of 3)

• Chest compressions alone are an acceptable alternative.

• Provide continuous • Provide continuous

chest compressions.

© Berta A. Daniels, 2010

Rescue Breaths

• After every 30 compressions:

– Tilt the head and lift

the chin.the chin.

– Close the nose.

– Give 2 breaths.

– See the chest rise.© Berta A. Daniels, 2010

Airway Obstruction

• Mild blockage– Coughing forcefully

• Severe/complete blockage– Weak, ineffective cough – Weak, ineffective cough

– Unable to breathe or speak

• Common causes of obstruction– Tongue, vomit, foreign body, swelling, spasm

Caring for Airway Obstruction (1 of 5)

• Responsive adult or child: Heimlich maneuver– Abdominal thrusts just – Abdominal thrusts just

above navel

– Perform thrusts until object is removed or victim is unresponsive.

– Chest thrusts for larger or pregnant victims

Caring for Airway Obstruction (2 of 5)

• Responsive infant

– Support infant’s head and lay infant’s face

down over your forearm and thigh.

– Give 5 back blows.– Give 5 back blows.

– Roll infant face-up.

– Give 5 chest thrusts.

Caring for Airway

Obstruction (3 of 5)

Chest ThrustsBack Blows

Caring for Airway Obstruction (4 of 5)

• Unresponsive adult or child, if breath fails to go in:– Retilt the head.– Retilt the head.

– Reattempt breath.

– Give 30 chest compressions.

– Check airway.

– Remove object if visible. © Berta A. Daniels, 2010

Caring for Airway Obstruction (5 of 5)

• Unresponsive infant, if breath fails to go in:– Retilt the head.

– Reattempt breath.– Reattempt breath.

– Give 30 compressions.

– Check the airway.

– Remove the object if visible.