challenges in waste to energy technologies · 2018. 3. 17. · bioreactor landfill solid recovered...
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Challenges in Waste
to Energy Technologies
Sherien Elagroudy, Ph.D.Assistant Professor of
Environmental EngineeringAin Shams University
Cairo, Egypt
400 000 350 000 300 000 250 000 200 000 150 000 100 000 50 000 0
300280260240220200180150
Years before present (present = 1950)
Today
Year 2100 if business as usual
PopulationCO2 Concentration
Industrial Revolution
Municipal Solid Waste
2.0Collectively
billion tons
75%Open
DUMPED
in
the trash
moreEnergyout
Kick
Clean Environmentwith
Grand Challenge
Physical
Thermal
Biochemical
Mass Burn
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Plasma
Refuse Derived Fuel
Solid Recovered Fuel
Digestion/Fermentation
Bioreactor Landfills
Waste to Energy Technologies
Evolution of Waste To Energy Technologies
2025???
Refuse Derived Fuel
Mass Burn
Digestion/Fermentation
Refuse Derived Fuel
Gasification/Pyrolysis
Solid Recovered Fuel
Plasma
Bioreactor Landfills
Compost
Syngas 1‐2 MJ
Biogas 0.5 MJ
Biochar
Energy 2 MJ
Biogas/Biofuel0.5 ‐1 MJ
Compost
Energy 3 MJ
Bioreactor Landfill
Solid Recovered
Fuel
Refuse Derived Fuel
Pyrolysis
Direct Combustion
Gasification
Anaerobic Digestion
Plasma
Refuse Derived Fuel
Solid Recovered Fuel
Combustion
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Plasma
Digestion/Fermentation
Bioreactor Landfills
Market Maturity
Techno
logy M
aturity
Bioreactor Landfill
Solid Recovered
Fuel
Refuse Derived Fuel
Pyrolysis
Direct Combustion
Gasification
Anaerobic Digestion
Plasma
Refuse Derived Fuel
Solid Recovered Fuel
Combustion
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Plasma
Digestion/Fermentation
Bioreactor Landfills
Market Maturity
Techno
logy M
aturity
Mass Burn
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Plasma
Refuse Derived Fuel
Solid Recovered Fuel
Anaerobic Digestion
Bioreactor Landfills
Food Grass Paper Plastic Textile
Challenge 1: Variable Feedstock
Pretreatment
Physical
Thermal
Biochemical
Mass Burn
Gasification
Pyrolysis
Plasma
Refuse Derived Fuel
Solid Recovered Fuel
Anaerobic Digestion
Bioreactor Landfills
Challenge 2: Low Conversion Efficiency
Physical
Thermal
Biochemical
Mass Burn
GasificationGasification
Pyrolysis
Plasma
Refuse Derived Fuel
Solid Recovered Fuel
Anaerobic DigestionAnaerobic Digestion
Bioreactor Landfills
54%34%
12%
Physical$ 59 billion
Thermal$ 21 billion
Biological$ 95 billion
Investment Needs Over the Next DecadeSource: Whiteman and Soos, 2011
Market ValueSource: Pike Research
Living laboratory
studies
Environmental Engineering
Microbiology
Chemistry
Modeling
ChemicalEngineering
IndustrialEngineering
Research
ConsultancyIndustry
Egypt Solid Waste Management Center of Excellence
$1.8 M
Thank You
How can we trash-out waste, trash-in Energy with cleaning the environment in a cost-effective way?
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