chap 9 glass n ceramic

GLASS AND CERAMIC

LEARNING OUTCOMES Able to list the properties of glass Able to list types of glass, their

properties and uses. Able to list properties of ceramic Able to list uses of ceramic

GLASS1. Glass is made from sand.2. Main component of glass is silica.3. Properties of glass are:

a) Hard but brittleb) Chemically inertc) Not permeable to gas and liquid (fluid)d) Does not conduct electricity or heate) Transparent

4. The use of glass depends on their properties.

5. The 4 types of glass studied here are:a) Fused glassb) Soda lime glassc) Borosilicate glassd) Lead crystal glass

FUSED GLASS1. Fused quartz glass is the simplest glass.2. Main component of glass is silica.3. Properties of fused glass:

a) High purity and optical transparencyb) High softening pointc) Low coefficient of thermal expansiond) Chemical durabilitye) Difficult and expensive to produce

4. Uses of fused glass:a) Laboratory glasswareb) Lensesc) Telescope mirrorsd) Optical fibres

SODA-LIME GLASS1. Soda-lime glass is the most common glass.2. Produced by heating silica with sodium

oxide and calcium oxide.3. Properties of soda-lime glass:

a) Low softening point- easy to make into different shapes

b) High thermal coefficient of expansionc) Low resistance to chemical attacks

4. Uses of soda lime glass include:a) window panesb) light bulbsc) bottles d) glass containers

BOROSILICATE GLASS1. Borosilicate glass is formed when boron

oxide is added to soda-lime glass.2. Was first developed by German glassmaker

Otto Schott in the late 19th century.3. Properties of borosilicate glass:

a) Very low thermal expansion coefficientb) High softening pointc) Resistant to thermal shockd) Chemically resistant

Otto Schott in 1890

4. Uses of borosilicate glass:a) Laboratory glassware such as

beakers, boiling tubes, flasks etc.b) Cookware c) Glass containers

1. Commonly known as lead crystal. 2. Made by using lead oxide and potassium

oxide. 3. Lead glass has a high refractive index and a

relatively soft surface that is easy to grind, cut and engrave.

4. Properties of lead glass are:a) High refractive indexb) High densityc) Attractive glittery/shiny appearance

LEAD GLASS

5. Uses of lead glass includea) prisms b) decorative objects such as

decanters and chandeliers.

CERAMIC

CERAMIC1. Ceramic is made from clay.2. Main component of clay is aluminosilicate.3. Properties of ceramics are:

a) Very hard and strong but brittleb) Chemically inertc) Has very high melting pointd) Heat and electrical insulatorse) Opaque and porous

4. Ceramics are used in many areas such as:

a) Construction materials, e.g. bricks, roof tiles, sinks and toilet bowls.

b) Decorative items, e.g pottery, plates, cups and vases and wall tiles

c) Electrical insulators, e.g. insulators for toasters, refrigerators and electric plugs.

d) Medical field, e.g. dentures and prosthetic limbs.

5. Ceramics can also be improved to new composite materials such as superconducters.

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN GLASS AND CERAMIC

1. Hard but brittle2. Good electrical and heat

insulator3. Do not corrode4. Resistant to chemical attacks5. Can withstand compression

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GLASS AND CERAMIC

GLASS CERAMIC1.Transparent2.Can be melted and remoulded

3.Does not have a melting point

1. Opaque2. Cannot be

melted and remoulded

3. Have very high melting point