chapter 1

TOPIC 1: INTRODUCTION TO ROGRAMMING LANGUAGE.

1.1 UNDERSTAND THE COMPUTER FUNDAMENTALS.

1.1.1 COMPUTER STRUCTURE & OPERATION.

What is a computer?A computer is an electronic machine that

processes information—in other words, an information processor: it takes in raw information (or data) at one end, stores it until it’s ready to work on it, chews and crunches it for a bit, then spits out the results at the other end.

COMPUTER STRUCTURE

1.1.2 FUNCTIONS OF :

OPERATING SYSTEM (OS)

For large systems, the operating system has even greater responsibilities and powers. It is like a traffic cop -- it makes sure that different programs and users running at the same time do not interfere with each other. The operating system is also responsible for security, ensuring that unauthorized users do not access the system.

1.1.2 FUNCTIONS OF : COMPILER

A program that translates source code into object code.

The compiler derives its name from the way it works, looking at the entire piece of source code and collecting and reorganizing the instructions.

1.1.2 FUNCTIONS OF :

APPLICATION

A program or group of programs designed for end users.

Software can be divided into two general classes: systems software and applications software.

1.2 UNDERSTAND THE EVOLUTION OF ROGRAMMING LANGUAGE.

PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE EVOLUTION

LOW-LEVEL

MACHINE CODE

ASSEMBLY CODE

HIGH LEVEL

3rd Generation

4th Generation

5th Generation

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1.2.1 HISTORY OF PROGRAMMING LANGUAGE AND APPROACHES.

The early yearsThe Abacus is generally considered to be

the first mechanical computer.

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FIRST INDUSTRIAL USE

In France, Joseph-Marie Jacquard invented an automatic loom using punched cards for the control of the patterns in the fabrics. The introduction of these looms caused the riots against the replacement of people by machines.

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ENIAC, THE 1ST ELECTRONIC COMPUTER 1943 - Work on ENIAC was started

in at the University of Pennsylvania, with John Mauchly and J. Presper Eckert responsible for its implementation. The US Army liaison was Herman Goldstine.

1946 - ENIAC was unveiled in Philadelphia (having being a secret during the war). ENIAC was programmed through the rewiring of the interconnections between the various components. ENIAC was later to be modified into a stored program machine

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PHOTO OF THE ENIAC

1.3 UNDERSTAND PROGRAMMING LANGUAGES.

1.3.1 DESCRIBE TERMINOLOGIES

PROGRAMMERA programmer is someone who writes

computer software

PROGRAMComputer programs (also software

programs, or just programs) are instructions for a computer.[1] A computer requires programs to function, typically executing the program's instructions in a central processor.[2]

1.3.1 DESCRIBE TERMINOLOGIES

PROGRAMMINGA programming language is a machine-

readable artificial language designed to express computations that can be performed by a machine, particularly a computer PROGRAM