chapter 12 rise of medieval europe
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Frankish RulersChapter 12, Section 1
The Merovingians After the fall of Rome, there were
constant wars Franks arose as the strongest group
(Merovingians) Clovis was first to accept Christianity
in 481 Charles Martel defeated Muslims-732
Pepin the Short Anointed by Pope-Divine Ruler Gave Pope protection & papal states Pope relied on the Franks for
protection, tying Catholicism and western Europe together
Charlemagne’s Empire Pepin’s son became king in 768 Charles doubled the Frankish lands After defending Pope Leo in Rome,
Charles was crowned as a Roman Emperor by Leo
After Charles death, empire was divided into three parts, the middle remained the Roman Empire
Invasions Vikings attacked Europe in the 800’s Explored Europe and even to North
America Constant attacks weakened the
central monarchies, leading to more local control
Medieval Life
Political and Economic Change Germanic Tribes not able to
understand Roman Laws Divided rule among cheiftans Commerce became more localized Subsistence economy/Barter System
Feudal System
Feudalism Weaker central gov’ts led to power
and land distributed to nobles in exchange for military services
Each level of feudalism had obligations to the level above them
Serfs were tied to the land
Features of this Era Castles were built for protection Knights were financed by lords, but
would often serve the king Code of Chivalry used by knights
became the basis for good manners today
Tournaments were the entertainment
Life on a Manor Warfare made it necessary for
manors to be self-sufficient Peasants farmed the land and were
the public workers as well Some were craft workers Usually manors provided only
enough food for survival Life was hard for everyone
The Medieval Church
Spiritual Role
Church taught all were dependant on God’s Grace
Grace was received through sacraments
Peasants learned Christianity through art
Political and Social Role After the decline of Rome, the pope
began to gain more power Church was the central structure in
most people’s lives Began to dictate who had control
(Charlemagne) as well as the social norms of medieval society
Political and Social Role After the decline of Rome, the pope
began to gain more power Church was the central structure in
most people’s lives Began to dictate who had control
(Charlemagne) as well as the social norms of medieval society
Monasteries Benedict founded a monastery in 529
that laid the framework for future monasteries
Monks preserved ancient texts Provided schools, charity, & hospitals Served as missionaries, converting
many throughout Europe
Political and Social Role Church had its own courts and laws
which were applied to rich and poor Many church officials were nobles
who had land and knights to fight for them
Led to corruption and a change of focus from the spiritual mission of the church
Political and Social Role
Church Reform Monks modeled way of life Cardinals elected the pope Innocent III fought to remove heresy
from the church and offenders were excommunicated
Excommunication
More Reforms Inquisition was established to
seek and punish heretics Franciscan and Dominican Friars
lived lives of simplicity and poverty that gained the clergy more respect
Finding the Truth…
Punishment for Heresy
Anti-Semitism By 1100 Christians blamed Jews for
their problems Some church leaders required Jews
to wear ID badges Were forced from their land and had
to become peddlers and money lenders
Many moved to Eastern Europe
Rise of European Monarchy
England Angles, Saxons, and Jutes took over
Britain after Rome William the Conqueror set up a tax
system and took a census Henry II set up common law so that
everyone was tried equally
Change in England King John’s abuse of power led the
nobles to force him to sign the Magna Carta
The Magna Carta guaranteed representation and fair trials to citizens
Under Henry III, the middle class helped create the Parliament
France Unlike in England, French gov’t was
not representative As population grew, towns grew, and
more power went to town leaders rather than feudal lords
As monarchy gained land and power, nobles’ power was lessened
Holy Roman Empire While France and England grew
strong central gov’t, Germany remained fragmented
German Emperors claimed the right to appoint popes, while the pope claimed to anoint the Emperor
Concordat of Worms gave Emperor power to choose bishops
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