chapter 14 “industrialization” 1865-1901 section 1 “the rise of industry”

Chapter 14 “Industrialization” 1865-1901

Section 1 “The Rise of Industry”

Causes of Rapid IndustrializationCauses of Rapid Industrialization

1. Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.

2. The Railroad fueled the growing US economy:

First big business in the US. A magnet for financial investment. The key to opening the West. Aided the development of other

industries.

1. Steam Revolution of the 1830s-1850s.

2. The Railroad fueled the growing US economy:

First big business in the US. A magnet for financial investment. The key to opening the West. Aided the development of other

industries.

Causes of Rapid IndustrializationCauses of Rapid Industrialization

3. Technological innovations. Bessemer and open hearth

process Refrigerated cars Edison

o “Wizard of Menlo Park”o light bulb, phonograph,

motion pictures.

3. Technological innovations. Bessemer and open hearth

process Refrigerated cars Edison

o “Wizard of Menlo Park”o light bulb, phonograph,

motion pictures.

4. Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance.

5. Abundant capital.6. New, talented group of businessmen

[entrepreneurs] and advisors.7. Market growing as US population increased.8. Government willing to help at all levels to

stimulate economic growth.9. Abundant natural resources.

4. Unskilled & semi-skilled labor in abundance.

5. Abundant capital.6. New, talented group of businessmen

[entrepreneurs] and advisors.7. Market growing as US population increased.8. Government willing to help at all levels to

stimulate economic growth.9. Abundant natural resources.

Causes of Rapid IndustrializationCauses of Rapid Industrialization

New Business CultureNew Business Culture1. Laissez Faire the ideology of the

Industrial Age.1. Laissez Faire the ideology of the

Industrial Age.

Individual as a moral and economic ideal.

Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace.

The market was not man-made or invented.

No room for government in the market!

Individual as a moral and economic ideal.

Individuals should compete freely in the marketplace.

The market was not man-made or invented.

No room for government in the market!

Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva Edison

“Wizard of Menlo Park” “Wizard of Menlo Park”

The Light BulbThe Light Bulb

The Phonograph (1877)

The Phonograph (1877)

The Ediphone or Dictaphone

The Ediphone or Dictaphone

The Motion Picture Camera

The Motion Picture Camera

Alexander Graham BellAlexander Graham Bell

Telephone (1876)Telephone (1876)

Alternate CurrentAlternate Current

George WestinghouseGeorge Westinghouse

Alternate CurrentAlternate Current

Westinghouse Lamp ad

Westinghouse Lamp ad

The AirplaneThe Airplane

Wilbur Wright Orville Wright Wilbur Wright Orville Wright

Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903 Kitty Hawk, NC – December 7, 1903

Model T AutomobileModel T Automobile

Henry FordI want to pay my workers so that they

can afford my product!

Henry FordI want to pay my workers so that they

can afford my product!

U. S. Patents Granted

U. S. Patents Granted

1790s 276 patents issued. 1790s 276 patents issued.

1990s 1,119,220 patents issued. 1990s 1,119,220 patents issued.

Chapter 14 “Industrialization” 1865-1901

Section 2 “The Railroads”

•May 10, 1869 at Promontory, Utah •“The Wedding of the Rails”

•Central Pacific and Union Pacific

•May 10, 1869 at Promontory, Utah •“The Wedding of the Rails”

•Central Pacific and Union Pacific

Promontory, Utah

““The Big Four” Railroad The Big Four” Railroad MagnatesMagnates

““The Big Four” Railroad The Big Four” Railroad MagnatesMagnates

Charles Charles CrockerCrockerCharles Charles CrockerCrocker

Mark HopkinsMark HopkinsMark HopkinsMark Hopkins Leland Leland StanfordStanfordLeland Leland

StanfordStanford

Collis Collis HuntingtonHuntington

Collis Collis HuntingtonHuntington

•Financed the Central Pacific

•Hired Chinese men to do the

labor

•They had to cut through the

Sierra Nevada mountain range.

•Financed the Central Pacific

•Hired Chinese men to do the

labor

•They had to cut through the

Sierra Nevada mountain range.

Nationwide Rail Network

Effects

Development of time zones

Sped long-distance transportation

Longer and heavier trains used

Rate per mile declined

united America’s regions

Promoted a national market

Ways RailroadsWere Financed

Land grants Private investment

Gifts of public lands to R.R.Money generated fromrunning the railroads

Chapter 14 “Industrialization” 1865-1901

Section 3 “Big Business”

New Business Culture:“The American Dream?”

New Business Culture:“The American Dream?”

3. Protestant (Puritan) “Work Ethic” Horatio Alger [100+ novels]

3. Protestant (Puritan) “Work Ethic” Horatio Alger [100+ novels]

Is the idea of the “self-made man” a MYTH??Is the idea of the “self-made man” a MYTH??

New Type of Business Entities

New Type of Business Entities

1. Pool 1887 Interstate Commerce Act Interstate Commerce Commission created.

2. Trust John D. Rockefeller

1. Pool 1887 Interstate Commerce Act Interstate Commerce Commission created.

2. Trust John D. Rockefeller

Standard Oil Co. Standard Oil Co.

Standard Oil Co.Standard Oil Co.

New Type of Business Entities

New Type of Business Entities

2. Trust: Horizontal Integration John D.

Rockefeller

2. Trust: Horizontal Integration John D.

Rockefeller Vertical Integration:

o Gustavus Swift Meat-packingo Andrew Carnegie U. S. Steel

Vertical Integration:o Gustavus Swift Meat-packingo Andrew Carnegie U. S. Steel

Iron & Steel ProductionIron & Steel Production

New Type of Business Entities

New Type of Business Entities

U. S. Corporate Mergers

U. S. Corporate Mergers

New Financial BusinessmanNew Financial Businessman

The Broker: J. Pierpont Morgan

The Broker: J. Pierpont Morgan

Wall Street – 1867 & 1900

Wall Street – 1867 & 1900

The Reorganization of Work

The Reorganization of Work

Frederick W. TaylorThe Principles of Scientific Management (1911)

Frederick W. TaylorThe Principles of Scientific Management (1911)

The Reorganization of Work

The Reorganization of Work

The Assembly LineThe Assembly Line

% of Billionaires in 1900

% of Billionaires in 1900

% of Billionaires in 1918

% of Billionaires in 1918

The Protectors of Our Industries

The Protectors of Our Industries

The ‘Bosses’ of the Senate

The ‘Bosses’ of the Senate

The ‘Robber Barons’ of the Past

The ‘Robber Barons’ of the Past

Cornelius [“Commodore”]

Vanderbilt

Cornelius [“Commodore”]

Vanderbilt

Can’t I do what I want with my money?Can’t I do what I want with my money?

William VanderbiltWilliam Vanderbilt

$ The public be damned!

$ What do I care about the law? H’aint I got the power?

$ The public be damned!

$ What do I care about the law? H’aint I got the power?

Regulating the Trusts

Regulating the Trusts

1877 Munn. v. IL

1886 Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. IL

1890 Sherman Antitrust Act in “restraint of trade” “rule of reason” loophole

1895 US v. E. C. Knight Co.

1877 Munn. v. IL

1886 Wabash, St. Louis & Pacific Railroad Company v. IL

1890 Sherman Antitrust Act in “restraint of trade” “rule of reason” loophole

1895 US v. E. C. Knight Co.

Relative Share of World Manufacturing

Relative Share of World Manufacturing

Modern ‘Robber Barons’??

Modern ‘Robber Barons’??

Chapter 14 “Industrialization” 1865-1901

Section 4 “Unions”

Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

Labor Unrest: 1870-1900

The Molly Maguires(1875)

The Molly Maguires(1875)

JamesJamesMcParlandMcParland

The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:

PinkertonAgents

The Corporate “Bully-Boys”:

PinkertonAgents

Management vs. Labor

Management vs. Labor

““Tools” of Tools” of ManagementManagement

““Tools” of Tools” of LaborLabor

““scabs”scabs”

P. R. campaignP. R. campaign

PinkertonsPinkertons

lockoutlockout

blacklistingblacklisting

yellow-dog yellow-dog contractscontracts

court injunctionscourt injunctions

open shopopen shop

boycottsboycotts

sympathy sympathy demonstrationsdemonstrations

informational informational picketingpicketing

closed shopsclosed shops

organized organized strikesstrikes

““wildcat” strikeswildcat” strikes

A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

A Striker Confronts a SCAB!

Knights of LaborKnights of Labor

Terence V. PowderlyTerence V. Powderly

An injury to one is the concern of An injury to one is the concern of all!all!

Knights of LaborKnights of Labor

Knights of Labor trade cardKnights of Labor trade card

Goals of the Knights of Labor

Goals of the Knights of Laborù Eight-hour workday.Eight-hour workday.

ù Workers’ cooperatives.Workers’ cooperatives.

ù Worker-owned factories.Worker-owned factories.

ù Abolition of child and prison labor.Abolition of child and prison labor.

ù Increased circulation of greenbacks.Increased circulation of greenbacks.

ù Equal pay for men and women.Equal pay for men and women.

ù Safety codes in the workplace.Safety codes in the workplace.

ù Prohibition of contract foreign labor.Prohibition of contract foreign labor.

ù Abolition of the National Bank.Abolition of the National Bank.

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Great Railroad Strike of 1877

The Tournament of Today:

A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

The Tournament of Today:

A Set-to Between Labor and Monopoly

Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in

1886

Anarchists Meet on the Lake Front in

1886

Haymarket Riot (1886)

Haymarket Riot (1886)

McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.McCormick Harvesting Machine Co.

Haymarket MartyrsHaymarket Martyrs