chapter 14. peasants and population 1200 most of the population was peasants bound to the land in...

Chapter 14

Peasants and Population

1200

most of the population was peasants

Bound to the land in serfdom and using inefficient agricultural practices

Women and men worked together on the farms

Thomas Aquinas 1225-1274

“Both men and women were created in God’s image …

“the image of God is found in man, and not in woman: for man is the beginning and end of woman; as God is the beginning and end of every creature”

One major technological advancement in Europe

Three field system2/3 grow crops and 1/3 is planted w/ OATS

OATS – restore the soil and feed the horses

But still a common practice was ½ to ½ plow to fallow

Population boom in 1200’s

Why? / How?

China has equal amount of people during this time

Technology was behind

Life expectancy is 30 to 35

Poverty or extreme hunger at least twice in life

Black Death

The timing in the 1300’s

Was it a bad time for Europe?

Out of a negative will come a positiveLife not forever - ImpactReligionTechnologyUrban revival

Read 360 - 61

Answer three basic questions

Make note of any quotes by Aquinas

Urban Revival

Once Again the primary focus will be onPortsVeniceFlanders

“city-states” – nobles were not in-charge so they were more flexible and able to adapt to change

European cities will offer more opportunities and freedom along social mobility

Trade = Guilds

Guilds regulated practices and access to trades especially to the Jewish population

Women allowed to join guilds?Wife, widow, daughter, …

very rare but were allowed to work in unskilled textiles and food/beverages

How did women move up the social class? Page 359 – Canterbury Tales – a must to read!

So….

Did you read it Yet!

Read it!

Add Canterbury Tales to your list and

_ _ _ _ _ _ !

Increase in Commerce leads to an increase …

“Banks” or lenders that would give money to merchants, churches, princes, nobles, …

SO…

How do you loan to a church when they didn’t believe in the term usury?

Banking

Medici of Florence – operated banks in Italy, Florence, and Flanders

Checking accounts

Share holding companies

Fuggers of Ausburg – started as cloth merchants, trade (invested), loans, accounts

Where is Ausburg?

Christian banking

So how do you loan to churches?

The church would give a gift and not pay interest

Example if they borrowed money no interest would be placed upon it but a timeline would be set

Competition of citiesHow beautiful we can become

Gothic Cathedrals become the masterpiece of medieval architecture

High buttresses, towers, arches, large interiors and lit by huge windows

Masons and engineers learned through mistakes

Flying buttresses

No Dome but a Cone

The portal (or entrance) to a gothic cathedral is usually decorated with sculpture. Using

the sculpture as a molding in successive arches as shown here creates what is called

an archivolt.

The semi-circular arch above the door is called a tympanum. As with stained glass,

medieval sculpture was used to tell the biblical stories to illiterate villagers.

The force of the main wall is outwardly. The flying buttress

directs the force of the wall out and down into the ground.