chapter 18 interactions of living things

Chapter 18

Interactions of Living Things

Pages 530-557

ACTIVE NOTE TAKINGFill in the blanks using textbook!

Ecology

Study of the __________ among organisms and their ________________.

Ecologists _________________ who study environmental

relationships _______________ the environmental factors

that influence organisms into ______ groups ____________ BIOTIC

The Environment

Abiotic

_________________ parts of the environment

Examples:I. _____________II. Light & TemperatureIII. _____________IV. Soil

Comparing Abiotic and Biotic Factors

Biotic Factors

___________or _____________ organisms in the environment

Examples:I. Levels or organizationII. __________________III. CommunitiesIV. _____________________V. BiomesVI. ______________________

Comparing Abiotic and Biotic Factors

5 Factors:

Water ________________ ________________ ________________ Soil

Abiotic Factors

1. Water

All organisms need __________ to survive Organisms are made of __________% water Respiration, photosynthesis, digestion,

and other important life process can only occur with presence of ____________

95% of Earth’s ___________ water is found in oceans

Abiotic Factors

Examples of Water

Pacific Ocean-Kauai, HawaiiCumberland River & Lake Cumberland

Dale Hollow Lake Bayou-Gueydan, LA

2. Light

Availability of sun light is a major factor in determining where green plants and other ________________ organisms live

Energy from Sun is changed into ____________ energy

__________-lives near water surface Dense forest have very little photosynthetic

plants, why?

Abiotic Factors

Plant Examples

North Shore-Kauai

The Garden of Eden-Kauai

Kipu Ranch-Kauai-conifers

3. Temperature

Regional temperature also determines which plants and animals can live there

Some areas of the world have fairly consistent temperature year round

Other areas have season during which temperatures vary Arctic, Desert, Mid-Atlantic, Tropical, Arid, and

Mild

Abiotic Factors

Temperature

Variations

Mojave Desert-CA Arctic Plain-Antarctica

Rain Forest-Brazil

Great Plains-Kansas

Appalachian Mts-TNTropical Island-FL Keys

4.Air

Composed of a mixture of gases including Nitrogen, _________________, and Carbon Dioxide.

Plants & Animals depend on the gases in air for _________________ (breathe)

All species are affected by weather Weather- 8km to 16 km (from surface) Ozone Layer-20km to 50km (from surface)

Few organisms live at extreme air pressures

Abiotic Factors

5. Soil Varies greatly from one environment to

another Soil Type-determined by amount of Sand,

Silt, and ___________ it contains Various soils contains different amounts of

nutrients, minerals, and moisture

Soil affects every organism in an environment!

Abiotic Factors

Soil

Top Soil-rich in nutrients and moisture (plant crops)

Red Clay-sub soil-very acidic(use as filler dirt)

Bed Rock-mostly limestone/sandstone(paving stone)

Abiotic Factors do not provide everything an

organism needs for survival Organisms depend on other organisms for:

Food __________________ Protection __________________

Biotic Factors

Biotic Factors Include:

Bacteria ____________ Fungi ____________ Animals

Biotic Factors

1. Organism: one __________________ from a population

Levels of Organization

Mallard Drake “GreenHead”

2. Population: _________ of the individual of one

species that live in the same _____________ at the same time.

Levels of Organization

3. Community: the ______________ of different

species that ______________ in some way

Levels of Organization

4. Ecosystem: all of the ______________ in an area

and the abiotic factors they interact with

Levels of Organization

5. Biome: large region with ___________ and

_____________ well adapted to the soil and climate of the region

Levels of Organization

6. Biosphere: The level of biological organization that is made up of all the ecosystems on ________________

Levels of Organization

Where Earth’s organisms live

Can be found 11,000 m deep in the ocean 9,000 m high on the mountains 4.5 km high in atmosphere

Includes top part of Earth’s crust, all the waters that covers the Earth’s surface, the surrounding atmosphere, and all biomes!

Biosphere

Extremophiles