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Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Chapter 22: Faith-Oriented Communities and Health

Ministries in Faith Communities

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Chapter Highlights

• Faith communities as centers for community health

• Cultural and developmental features of faith community work

• Integration of body, mind, and spirit in whole person health

• Health promotion in faith communities

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Parish Nursing

• A specialty practice of nursing having registered nurses contribute to the health and wholeness of people in the context of a faith community

• The parish nurse is part of the ministry staff of the congregation and serves the illness needs of individual people, families, and the entire faith community.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Faith Community Nursing

• Equivalent to parish nursing; used in settings in which the word “parish” may have no meaning or association

• This broader term is the preferred term, but many original documents used “parish nursing” as the title for the role.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Nursing in Faith Communities

• Faith community nursing provides the following support:

– Health promotion

– Health screening

– Health teaching

– Care for individual people and groups associated with the congregation

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Question

Is the following sentence True or False?

Parish nurses established the first hospitals.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Answer

False

Rationale: In ancient times, families and religious communities served as a primary source of health and illness care. Religious groups and monasteries established the first hospitals.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

History of Faith Community Nursing

• Faith community nursing is a fairly recent concept; however, in ancient times, families and religious communities served as a primary source of health and illness care.

• Religious groups and monasteries established the first hospitals.

• Granger Westberg, a Lutheran Minister and hospital chaplain, began “parish nursing” in the 1980s.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Spiritual Care

• Care of the human spirit that may include dealing with the meaning of health, illness or loss, relationships with God and others, and which has the goal of peace

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Congregation

• Congregation—an organized group of people who share

– Religious beliefs

– Customs

– Practices

• The congregation has an internal governance structure and may be

– Independent

– Affiliated to local or national denominations.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Question

Is the following statement True or False?

Congregation-based model is where the faith community nurse serves a health system with assignment to particular congregational settings. In this model, the parish or faith-based nurse serves as liaison and helps plan and coordinate care, particularly at times of transition.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Answer

False

Rationale: Institution-based model is the faith community nurse serves a health system with assignment to particular congregational settings. In this model, the parish or faith-based nurse serves as liaison and helps plan and coordinate care, particularly at times of transition. Congregation-based model is a faith-based nurse serving a particular faith community by virtue of a contract or job description; supports the concept of faith-based nurse who can be paid or serve as a volunteer.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Models of Faith Community Practice

• A variety of faith-based nursing models exist.

• Congregation-based model—a faith-based nurse serving a particular faith community by virtue of a contract or job description; supports the concept of faith-based nurse who can be paid or serve as a volunteer

• Institution-based model—the faith community nurse serves a health system with assignment to particular congregational settings; in this model, the parish or faith-based nurse serves as liaison and helps plan and coordinate care, particularly at times of transition

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

The Uniqueness of Faith Communities

• Relationship with the clergy

• Faith community as community

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Roles of the Faith-based Nurse

• Integrator of faith and health

• Personal health counselor

• Health educator

• Health advocate

• Referral agent

• Coordinator of volunteers

• Accessing and developing support groups

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Scope and Standards of Practice

• Faith-based nurses function by virtue of their license to practice nursing.

• Faith-based nurse functions more independently.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

The Nursing Process in Faith Community Nursing

• Assessment and diagnosis include the following:

– What are the common health problems experienced by members of this community?

– What are the chief demographic groups in the congregation?

– What are the health assets of the faith community?

– What environmental health concerns exist in the congregation?

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

The Nursing Process in Faith Community Nursing (cont.)

• Planning in the context of the faith community includes care of individual people as well as care of the entire faith community.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Question

Is the following statement True or False?

Rationale: Ethical principles that guide nursing practice in general do not apply to nursing in faith communities.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Answer

False

Rationale: All the ethical principles that guide nursing practice in general apply to nursing in faith communities.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Ethical Considerations

• Values, cultural practices, and faith are a part of health.

• The body, mind, and spirit of community members is a primary focus of nursing in faith communities.

Copyright © 2012 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Education for Faith-Based Nursing

• Faith-based nurses are often educated for the role in continuing education programs.

• The IPNRC has developed a curriculum that can be delivered in a continuing education format or through a more formal academic program for college credit.

• The curriculum for all participants is developed at the baccalaureate level, even though many faith community nurses have diploma or associate degree preparation.

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