chapter 3 section 2. fish largest group of vertebrates largest group of vertebrates fish: fish:...
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FishFish
Largest group of vertebratesLargest group of vertebrates
Fish:Fish:Ectothermic vertebrateEctothermic vertebrateLives in waterLives in waterHas fins to use for movementHas fins to use for movementObtain oxygen through gillsObtain oxygen through gillsHave scales to cover the skinHave scales to cover the skin
Obtaining OxygenObtaining Oxygen
How and where do How and where do fish get their oxygen?fish get their oxygen?The water contains The water contains
oxygenoxygenWater moves through Water moves through
the fishes throat to the the fishes throat to the gillsgills
Gills have blood Gills have blood vessels in them vessels in them
Obtaining Oxygen Obtaining Oxygen
Water flows over the gillsWater flows over the gills
Oxygen moves from the water into the bloodOxygen moves from the water into the blood
Carbon dioxide moves out of the blood and into Carbon dioxide moves out of the blood and into the water the water
The water leaves by flowing out the slits beneath The water leaves by flowing out the slits beneath the gillsthe gills
Circulatory System Circulatory System
From the gills:From the gills:Blood travels Blood travels
throughout the throughout the body in vessels body in vessels
Blood travels to all Blood travels to all regions of the bodyregions of the body
Oxygen is supplied Oxygen is supplied to the cellsto the cells
Circulatory SystemCirculatory System
What type of What type of circulatory system circulatory system do they have?do they have?ClosedClosed
The heart pumps The heart pumps the blood -> the blood ->
Moving and FeedingMoving and Feeding
How do fish move?How do fish move?Using a finUsing a fin
A fin is a thin A fin is a thin membrane stretched membrane stretched over a bony supportover a bony support
Provides a large Provides a large surface to push against surface to push against the waterthe water
Moving and Feeding Moving and Feeding
What are the bodies of fish adapted to do?What are the bodies of fish adapted to do?Efficient feedingEfficient feeding
BarracudaBarracudaSharp and pointed teethSharp and pointed teethWhy would they want sharp Why would they want sharp
teeth?teeth?
Moving and FeedingMoving and Feeding
What type of teeth do trout What type of teeth do trout have?have?Short and blunt teethShort and blunt teeth
What type of teeth do What type of teeth do basking sharks have?basking sharks have?Comb-like structures to filter Comb-like structures to filter
tiny animals tiny animals
Nervous system and SensesNervous system and Senses
Why would fish want to have a highly Why would fish want to have a highly developed nervous system and senses?developed nervous system and senses?Find foodFind foodAvoid predatorsAvoid predatorsTouch, taste, smell, and sight help them Touch, taste, smell, and sight help them
capture their foodcapture their foodA shark can smell and taste one drop of blood A shark can smell and taste one drop of blood
in 115 liters of water in 115 liters of water
ReproductionReproduction
How do they reproduce?How do they reproduce?ExternallyExternallyMale hovers close to the Male hovers close to the
femalefemaleReleases a cloud of sperm Releases a cloud of sperm
over the released eggsover the released eggs
Sharks and guppies have Sharks and guppies have internal fertilizationinternal fertilization
Groups of FishGroups of Fish
What are the three groups of fish?What are the three groups of fish?
1.1. JawlessJawless
2.2. CartilaginousCartilaginous
3.3. BonyBony
How are they classified?How are they classified? Structure of their mouth and type of skeletonStructure of their mouth and type of skeleton
Jawless FishJawless Fish
Jawless fish Jawless fish informationinformationEarliest Earliest
vertebratesvertebrates60 species today60 species todayModern jawless Modern jawless
fishes have no fishes have no scalesscales
Skeletons made of Skeletons made of cartilagecartilage
Do not have a pair Do not have a pair of finsof fins
Do not have jaws Do not have jaws – can’t bite– can’t bite
Jawless fishJawless fish
How do they eat without a jaw?How do they eat without a jaw?Have structures for scraping, stabbing, and Have structures for scraping, stabbing, and
suckingsucking
What are the only kinds of jawless fish?What are the only kinds of jawless fish?Hagfish and lampreyHagfish and lamprey
Jawless FishJawless Fish
HagfishHagfishLarge, slimy looking wormsLarge, slimy looking wormsCrawl into the bodies of dead or dying fishCrawl into the bodies of dead or dying fishUse their sandpaper tongue to consume Use their sandpaper tongue to consume
decaying tissuedecaying tissue
LampreyLampreyParasites to other fishParasites to other fishAttach to healthy fishes and suck in the Attach to healthy fishes and suck in the
tissues and blood of their victimstissues and blood of their victims
Cartilaginous FishesCartilaginous Fishes
What are their skeletons made of?What are their skeletons made of?Cartilage like jawless fishCartilage like jawless fish
What makes them different from jawless What makes them different from jawless fish then?fish then?Have jawsHave jawsHave a pair of finsHave a pair of fins
Cartilaginous FishesCartilaginous Fishes
Information on cartilaginous fishesInformation on cartilaginous fishesPointed, tooth-like scalesPointed, tooth-like scales
Have a texture rougher than sandpaperHave a texture rougher than sandpaper
All are carnivoresAll are carnivores
Rays and skates live on the ocean floorRays and skates live on the ocean floor
Sharks, rays, and skates are all types Sharks, rays, and skates are all types
Shark’s BodyShark’s BodyHow would you describe a shark?How would you describe a shark?
Stream lined bodyStream lined bodyMouth on the bottom of its headMouth on the bottom of its headJagged teeth arranged in rowsJagged teeth arranged in rows
Use only the 1Use only the 1stst row of teeth row of teeth
On the MoveOn the Move
How do sharks get oxygen?How do sharks get oxygen? Rely on currents to get water across their gillsRely on currents to get water across their gills Position themselves in currents to get water over their Position themselves in currents to get water over their
gills at nightgills at night
What do sharks spend most of their time doing?What do sharks spend most of their time doing? Hunting Hunting Attack and eat nearly anything that smells like foodAttack and eat nearly anything that smells like food Have bad eye sightHave bad eye sight
Bony FishesBony Fishes
What are types of bony fish?What are types of bony fish?TroutTroutTunaTunaGoldfishGoldfish
What is different about bony fish?What is different about bony fish?Have a pocket over their gillsHave a pocket over their gills
Swim BladderSwim Bladder
How do fish swim at different depths?How do fish swim at different depths?Swim bladder: Swim bladder:
Gas-filled sac that allows them to stabilize their Gas-filled sac that allows them to stabilize their body at different depthsbody at different depths
Filled with oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxideFilled with oxygen, nitrogen, and carbon dioxide
Volume of gas can become larger or smaller Volume of gas can become larger or smaller
Change in volume changes the buoyant forceChange in volume changes the buoyant force
Swim BladderSwim Bladder
Buoyant Force:Buoyant Force:Force that water exerts upward on an Force that water exerts upward on an
underwater objectunderwater object
If the buoyant force is greater than the weight If the buoyant force is greater than the weight of the object it floatsof the object it floats
If the buoyant force is less than the weight of If the buoyant force is less than the weight of the object it sinksthe object it sinks
Diversity of Bony FishDiversity of Bony Fish
Make up 95 % of all species of fishMake up 95 % of all species of fish
Live in salt and fresh waterLive in salt and fresh water
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