chapter 5 section 2 notes. i. rule and order in greek city-states
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Chapter 5 Section 2 Notes
I. Rule and order in Greek City-States
A. Polis was the local city-state and
its surrounding farmland
B. Acropolis was the fortified hilltop
in a city-state
Acropolis at Athens
Acropolis at Athens
Parthanon at Athens
C. Political structure
1. In some city-states a king or
monarchy ruled
2. Aristocracy was a government ruled
by a small group of nobles
3. An oligarchy was a government ruled by a few powerful
people
D. New kind of army developed
1. Iron was more common than
bronze , cheaper more people could
affordit
2. More people from different classes
3. Foot soldiers called hoplites stood
side by side and formed the phalanx
Greek Phalanx
Todays Phalanx
E. Tyrants Seize Power
1. Gained control by appealing to the
poor and discontent
II. Sparta Builds a Military State
Acropolis at Sparta
A. Sparta was located on the Peloponnesus
B. Sparta conquered the Messinians
which were the local people around
Sparta
1. The Messinians became known as Helots (farmers)
2. The Messinians outnumbered the
Spartans
3. Spartans developed a
Military State
C. Sparta’s Government and
Society
1. Two groups ruled Sparta
a. An assembly composed of free adult males and elected officials
b. Second group Council of Elders
1. Five elected officials called
Ephors carried out the laws
D. Spartan Education
1. For Men
a. Daily life centered around military training
b. Age 7 boys left home for military
camps
c. Rigorous training
d. Intense discipline
2. For Girls
a. Service to Sparta above love of family
b. Did not have right to vote
c. Raise healthy babies
3. Most powerful army in Greece
a. Suppressed individual expression
b. Did not value art
c. Not much freedom
III. Athens Builds a Limited Democracy
A. Athens located on the Hellas
B. Democracy : a state ruled by the
people
1. Direct Democracy is where people vote directly
for issues
2. Representative Democracy is where people elect others
to rule for them also
called a republic
C. Only free adult males could vote
D. Athenians were in to art, philosophy , and the fine thing
of life
E. Political Reformers
1. 621 Draco records the first legal code for
Greece
2. Solon outlaws debt slavery in 594
B.C.
3. Solon also introduced the legal
concept that any citizen could bring
legal charges against wrongdoers
4. Pisistratus in 546 provided funds for
farmers to buy back their farms from nobles
5. Cleisthenes in 508 B.C.
reorganizes the assembly to break
up the power of the nobles.
a. Creates the Council of Five
Hundred
F. These political reforms kept Athenian
farmers from revolution and led to
Athens becoming a democracy
IV. The Persian Wars
A. Began at the city of Miletus on the Ionian peninsula
B. Darius I was the Persian king who
would lead his armies against the
Greeks
C. In 490 B.C. Darius leads a fleet of 25,000
troops against the Greeks at the Battle of
Marathon
1. The Greeks use the fighting
formation called a phalanx
2. Pheidipppides races back to Athens 26.2 miles away to
summon the Spartans that are
there.
3. The Greeks would win at the
Battle of Marathon
D. In 480 B.C. Xerxes the son of Darius leads a
massive force some 75,000
Persians to the Battle of Thermopylae on the
northern Hellas against 7000 Greeks
1. Some 300 Spartans fight to the death for
three days before 25,000 Persians
finally break through
2. Now the Persians head towards
Athens
3. The Athenians head to a nearby
island called Salamis
E. The Battle of Salamis
1. The Persians follow the Athenians towards the island and the Athenians sink about
one third of the remaining Persians
Army
2. Some Persians land on the island but are quickly killed by the
Spartans who are there waiting
3. Never again do the Persians come
back
F. Consequences of the Persian Wars
1. The Greeks no longer fight against the Persians, fight against each other
2. The Athenians create the Delian
League on the island of Delos
a. People of the Hellas and islands
off the Hellas
3. The Spartans create the
Peloponnesian League as a defense against the Delian
League
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