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1Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
2Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
CHAPTER
Dogs
7
3Copyright 2010 Delmar, Cengage Learning. All Rights Reserved.
History of the Dog
• Probably first domesticated animal ~10,000 years ago
• Many dogs descended from the wolf– These dogs roamed in packs – Eventually found it easier to get food from
humans– Humans began to depend on the dog – Modern dog evolved from selected breeding
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History of the Dog
• Ancestors of the dog lived 40-50 million years ago. –Miacis– Small carnivorous animals that looked more
like a weasel than a dog– Lived in trees
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History of the Dog
• Tomarctus– Considered the “father” of modern dogs. – Body built for speed and endurance– Was a hunter– Looked much like the modern dog: today’s
dog retains much of the Tomarctus’ anatomical features
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History of the Dog
Today, 7 main groups and 155 breeds
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7 Groups of Dogs
1. The Sporting Group2. The Hound Group3. The Terrier Group4. The Working Dog Group5. The Herding Group6. The Toy Group7. The Non-Sporting Dog Group
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1-The Sporting Group• Developed to help hunters pursue game• Breeds
– Pointer– German Shorthaired Pointer– German Wirehaired Pointer– Labrador Retriever– English Setter– Irish Setter– Brittany– English Springer Spaniel– American Cocker Spaniel
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2-The Hound Group• One type hunts by scent, the other sight• Breeds
– Afghan Hound– Basset Hound– Beagle– Black and Tan Coonhound– Bloodhound– Dachshund– American Foxhound– Greyhound– Norwegian Elkhound
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3-The Terrier Group• Two subgroups: (1) Long-legged, large breeds
and (2) short-legged, small breeds• Breeds
– Airedale Terrier– Bedlington Terrier– Border Terrier– Bull Terrier– Dandie Dinmont Terrier– Fox Terrier– Miniature Schnauzer– Skye Terrier– Welsh Terrier
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4-The Working Dog Group
• Developed to labor or work for humans• Breeds
– Alaskan Malamute– Boxer– Doberman Pinscher– Great Dane– Great Pyrenees– Standard Schnauzer– Rottweiler– Saint Bernard– Samoyed breed– Siberian Husky– Komondor
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5-The Herding Dog Group
• Developed to aid livestock herders with livestock
• Breeds– Collie– Border Collie– German Shepherd– Old English Sheepdog– Shetland Sheepdog– Welsh Corgi
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6-The Toy Dog Group
• Developed as house pets and companions• Breeds
– Chihuahua– Italian Greyhound– Manchester Terrier– Pekingnese– Pug– Yorkshire Terrier– Shih Tzu
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7-The Non-sporting Dogs
• Developed as companions• Breeds
– Boston Terrier– Bulldog– Dalmatian– Lhasa Apso– Poodle
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The Miscellaneous Class
• American Kennel Club recognizes five breeds where interest exists– May compete in obedience trials, earn obedience
titles, and compete in conformation shows but not earn championship points
– Continued interest may earn entrance to regular class• Breeds
– Jack Russell Terrier– Tibetan Mastiff
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The Hybrid or “Designer” Breeds
• Produced by crossing purebred dogs of two different breeds
• Common hybrids– Schnoodle: Schnauzer and poodle– Goldendoodle: Golden retriever and poodle– Labradoodle: Labrador retriever and standard
poodle– Puggle: Female beagle and male pug– Poochin: Poodle and Japanese chin
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Basics of Dog Feeding
• Commercial foods are fast and convenient• Special groups need special feeding
– Pregnant and lactating females: More food, more frequently
– Puppies: Puppy food in amount for breed– Older dogs: Need protein and nutrients
• Other feeding suggestions– Hard-boil or cook eggs before feeding– Take care with bones
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Guidelines for Dog Exercise
• Avoid strenuous exercise for 2 hours after dogs have eaten large meals
• Have dogs get physical exams• Condition dogs for strenuous exercise• Be alert to signs of dogs’ fatigue
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Methods of Dog Training
• Basic training– Five basic commands starting as puppy– Rely on voice, avoid hitting or threatening
• House-training– Praise and scold appropriately– Consider paper training
• Obedience training– Start with short sessions, work longer– Use proper equipment properly
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Basics of Dog Grooming and Care
• Hair coats: Brush daily, check for mats• Bathing: Only as needed with dog soap• Nails: Trim occasionally• Ears: Clean monthly, no sharp objects• Eyes: Use eyewash solution, keep free of
irritants, rely on veterinary assistance• Teeth: Clean once or twice a week
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Infectious Dog Diseases
• Caused by pathogenic microorganisms able to invade and grow in living tissue
• Examples– Canine distemper– Infectious canine hepatitis– Leptospirosis– Canine parvovirus infection– Infectious tracheobronchitis– Rabies
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Noninfectious Dog Diseases
• Caused by physical injuries or genetic defects or are noncontagious diseases
• Examples– Heart disease– Cataracts– Glaucoma– Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA)– Cherry eye– Hip dysplasia
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Fungal Dog Diseases
• Ringworm– One of most common fungal diseases– Fungal organisms in dogs and cats, soil, and
wild rodents• Systemic fungal infections
– Blastomycosis– Histoplasmosis– Coccidioidomycosis
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Internal Dog Parasites
• Roundworms• Hookworms• Whipworms• Tapeworms• Heartworms
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External Dog Parasites
• Fleas• Ticks• Lice• Mites• Chiggers
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Poisonings
• Insecticides• Plants• Household chemicals• Herbicides• Medications• Metal poisonings• Antifreeze
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