chapter 6 – biomes living world unit. major world biomes desert tropical rain forest deciduous...
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Chapter 6 – Biomes
Living World Unit
Major world biomes
• Desert
• Tropical Rain Forest• Deciduous Forest (temperate and tropical)
• Savannah/Grasslands (temperate and tropical)
• Taiga (aka Boreal forest, coniferous forest)
• Tundra
• Mountains
Dry woodlands and shrublands (chaparral)
Temperate grassland
Temperate deciduous forest
Boreal forest (taiga), evergreen coniferousforest (e.g., montane coniferous forest)
Arctic tundra (polar grasslands)
Tropical savanna,thorn forest
Tropical scrub forest
Tropical deciduous forest
Tropical rain forest,tropical evergreen forest
Desert
Ice
Mountains(complex zonation)
Semidesert,arid grassland
Tropic ofCapricorn
Equator
Tropic ofCancer
Biomes
Biomes
MountainIce and snow
Altitude
Tundra (herbs,lichens, mosses)
ConiferousForest
Tropical Forest
DeciduousForest
Tropical Forest
DeciduousForest
ConiferousForest
Tundra (herbs,lichens, mosses)
Polar iceand snow
Latitude
DesertGeneral Geographic region:
Climate information:
Typically near 30oN and 30oS latitude
Near interior of continents
30% of Earths surface
Evaporation exceeds precipitation
Tropical desert: hot and dry year round
Temperate desert: cooler in winter; more vegetation; more precipitation than tropical
Cold desert: cold winters/hot summers
DesertGeneral fauna:
General flora:
Lizards, snakes, kangaroo rat, roadrunner, jack rabbit
Most animals are small, active during cool parts of day and night, wastes contain little water
Cactus, yucca, agave
3 adaptations: no leaves, store water, open stomata only at night.
Lifecycles: bloom, seed, and die quickly
DesertEnvironmental concerns:
Pictures:
Deserts are expanding (desertification)
Storage of toxic wastes
Testing for nuclear weapons
GrasslandsGeneral Geographic region:
Climate information:
Continent interiors
Enough precipitation to support grasses and shrubs, but fewer trees
Can be tropical, temperate, or polar
General fauna:
General flora:
Grasslands
Hoofed herbivores, grazing animals
Giraffe, elephant, warthog, gazelle, tiger
Mostly grasses with deep roots, fewer trees that are drought tolerant
Plants must be able to re-grow after frequent fires
Environmental concerns:
Grasslands
Frequent fires, overgrazing, desertification
Pictures:
Tropical Rain ForestGeneral Geographic region:
Climate information:
Found near equator.
Covers 2% of Earth
Lots of warmth and direct sunlight
Lots of precipitation
General fauna:
General flora:
Tropical Rain Forest
HUGE biodiversity
Monkeys, frogs, snakes, macaw, etc
Stratification to reduce competition
Contains half of terrestrial species
HUGE biodiversity
Ground layer, shrub layer, understory, canopy, emergent layer
Environmental concerns:
Tropical Rain Forest
Deforestization,
Slash and burn agriculture
Pollution/resource depletionPictures:
Harpyeagle
Tocotoucan
Woolyopossum
Braziliantapir
Black-crownedantpitta
Shrublayer
Canopy
Emergentlayer
UnderstoryUnderstory
GroundlayerGroundlayer
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45H
eigh
t (m
eter
s)
Tropical Rain Forest
Deciduous ForestGeneral Geographic region:
Climate information:
Further from equator
Between 30o and 60o N and S latitude
Significant change in temperatures during seasons.
Precipitation fairly evenly spread over year.
Warm summers, cold winters
General fauna:
General flora:
Deciduous Forest
Many top predators have been extirpated (wolves, cougars, bear)
Deer, raccoons, squirrel, (our area animals)
Trees drop leaves in winter
Fewer tree species than TRForests, but more ground level plant life
Environmental concerns:
Deciduous Forest
Loss of biodiversity
Large predators removed
Deforestization
Pictures:
Taiga (Boreal Forest)General Geographic region:
Climate information:
Found in the north
Just south of the arctic tundra
Winters are long, dry, and very cold.
Winter sunlight is 6-8 hours a day.
Mild summers with 19 hours of sunlight a day.
General fauna:
General flora:
Taiga (Boreal Forest)
Moose, wolves, rabbits, bear, eagles
Coniferous trees, some wildflowers and grasses
Environmental concerns:
Taiga (Boreal) Forest
Drilling for oil
Deforestization
Air pollution
Pictures:
MountainsGeneral Geographic region:
Climate information:
Frequently on continent edges; where tectonic plates collide
25% of Earth’s surface
Varies depending on elevation.
Higher elevation = colder
Leeward side of mountains gets less precipitation
General fauna:
General flora:
Mountains
Big horn sheep, mountain goats, taiga animals at lower elevations
Little flora at high elevation, lichen, conifers as you go down in elevation
Environmental concerns:
Mountains
Air pollution
Mining
Pictures:
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