chapter 6 managing weight and body composition
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Chapter 6Chapter 6Managing Weight and Body Managing Weight and Body
CompositionComposition
Facts for a Health Lifestyle
Maintaining a Healthy WeightMaintaining a Healthy Weight
Body Image: The way you see your body
Affected by several factors such as media, family and friends.
Maintaining a Healthy WeightMaintaining a Healthy Weight
Maintaining a healthy weight is an energy balance.
Calories in must equal calories out.
Some foods have more calories than others
Carbs and protein = 4 cal/gram.
Fats = 9 calories/gram
Maintaining a Healthy WeightMaintaining a Healthy Weight
Tipping the balance of energy will result in weight loss or gain.
One pound of fat = 3500 calories
Eating 500 calories LESS per day = 1 pound of weight loss per week.
Maintaining a Healthy WeightMaintaining a Healthy Weight
Your appropriate weight is influenced by several factors: gender, age, height, body frame, growth rate, metabolic rate, activity level.
Tall and large-framed people need more calories than short and small-framed people.
Active people can consume more calories than sedentary people.
Maintaining a Healthy WeightMaintaining a Healthy Weight
Body Mass Index: Ratio that allows you to assess your body size in relation to your height and weight.
There is no single size, shape or growth patter that is normal for everyone.
Maintaining a Healthy WeightMaintaining a Healthy Weight
To determine your BMI:BMI = weight X 703/height in
inches2
If you are 5ft tall, you are 60 inches tallExample:
145lbs X 703 =101,935101,935 / 70in X 70in101,935/ 4,900BMI = 20.8
Maintaining a Healthy WeightMaintaining a Healthy Weight
Body composition: ratio of body fat to lean body mass
Needs to be taken in to account when assessing weight.
Example: weight-lifting program will increase muscles mass, while a high calorie diet will increase the amount of stored body fat
Problems with being Problems with being overweightoverweight
14% of teens are overweightExcess body fat strains the muscles and
skeletal systemForces heart and lungs to work harderIncreases risk of high blood pressure and
cholesterolIncreases risk of type 2 diabetes, asthma,
and some cancers
Problems with being Problems with being overweightoverweight
Genetics Usually result of consuming too
many calories and physical inactivity
Aim for Fitness: 60 minutes/day Build a Healthy Base: Eat
recommended number of daily servings from each of the five major food groups
Choose sensibly: Balance high-fat choices with low-fat foods
Problems with Being Problems with Being UnderweightUnderweight
Being thin MAY be normal because of genetics or a fast metabolism.
Some people diet and exercise excessively to stay thin
May have too little fat stored to provide body with energy reserve
May not be consuming enough calories for health and growth
Healthful Ways to Manage Healthful Ways to Manage WeightWeight
Target your appropriate weight
Set realistic goals Personalize your plan Put your goal and plan
in writing Evaluate your progress
Eat 1,700 to 1,800 calories daily to meet your body’s energy needs
Include your favorites in moderation
Eat a variety of low-calorie, nutrient dense foods
Drink plenty of water
Physical Activity and Weight Physical Activity and Weight ManagementManagement
Should be part of everyday lifestyle
Helps relieve stress Promotes normal
appetite response Increases self-esteem
Fad Diets and Eating Fad Diets and Eating DisordersDisorders
Fad Diets: Weight-loss plans that are popular for only a short time
Often hard to stick to because they limit the variety of foods you can eat.
Can be expensive because they require dieters to buy certain foods
Can severely restrict the foods dieter can eat fail to provide the body with nutrients it needs for health and growth
Liquid DietsLiquid Diets
Replaces all food intake with special liquid formula
Do not meet body’s energy needs
Do not provide body with adequate fiber
FastingFasting
Abstain from eating Deprives body of
needed nutrients and energy
Body begins breaking down protein stored in muscle for energy
May become dehydrated
Diet PillsDiet Pills
Suppress appetite May cause
drowsiness, anxiety, racing heart, other serious side effects
Can lead to dehydration
Weight CyclingWeight Cycling
Weight loss is usually from water, not fatRepeated pattern of loss and regain of body
weightCommon with fad dietsCan be harmfulSlow and steady weight loss is best strategy
for long-term results
Eating DisordersEating Disorders
Extreme, harmful eating behavior that can cause serious illness or even death
Brought on by mental/emotional factors such as poor body image, social/family pressure, perfectionism.
90% of those with eating disorders are female
Need professional help
Anorexia NervosaAnorexia Nervosa
Irrational fear of becoming obese results in weight loss from self-imposed starvation
Psychological disorder Outside pressure, high-
expectations, need to achieve
Teenage girls and young women
Can result in malnutrition and starvation
Loss of bone density, low body temperature, low blood pressure, irregular heart rate, cardiac arrest
Bulimia NervosaBulimia Nervosa
Purging or clearing of the digestive tract following cycles of overeating
Strict diet and a period of overeating
Vomit or take laxatives Societal pressures, self-
esteem, family problems
Dehydration, kidney damage, irregular heartbeat.
Destroys tooth enamel, tooth decay.
Damages tissues of stomach, esophagus, mouth
Binge Eating DisorderBinge Eating Disorder
Compulsive overeatingConsume huge amounts of food at one time
but try not to purgeCoping mechanism for strong emotions or
depressionResults in unhealthful weight gain
Nutrition for Individual NeedsNutrition for Individual Needs
The Training Diet: No single food with help you build muscle or
increase speed Best eating plan for athletes is balanced, moderate,
and varied Staying hydrated is key Eating 3 – 4 hours before competition allows the
stomach to empty and gives the necessary energy to compete
VegetarianismVegetarianism
Person who eats mostly or only plant foods
Religious or cultural reasons
Concern for environment or how food animals are raised
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