chapter 8 section 3 notes
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Chapter 8Section 3NotesGreek Mythology and Literature
1
Myths Explain the World Ancient Greeks were polytheistic Used myths about their gods to explain
natural or historical events
(religion explains what they do not understand)
2
Greek Gods
Greeks did not have scientific understanding of Thunder Earthquakes Volcanic eruptions
Believed gods caused such events They created myths to explain why the
gods caused these events.
3
ZeusKing of the gods of Mount
Olympus
4
HeraQueen of the gods
Sister and Wife of Zeus
5
Poseidongod of the seasbrother of Zeus
6
Hadesgod of the underworld
brother of Zeus
7
Hermesthe messenger god
8
Demeter – goddess of agriculture Hestia – goddess of the hearth Athena – goddess of wisdom Apollo – god of the sun Artemis – goddess of the moon Ares – god of war Aphrodite – goddess of love Hephaestus – god of metalworking Dionysus – god of celebration
9
Gods and Mythology Greeks thought the gods caused
natural disasters Also felt they caused daily
events Sunrise and sunset Seasons changing
Built temples to keep the gods happy
10
Heroes and Mythology Not all myths were about gods Some were about heroes Each city had a favorite hero Most Famous was Hercules
Killed the hydra
11
Homer and Epic Poetry Homer wrote the Iliad and the Odyssey The Iliad is the story of the last years of
the Trojan War The Odyssey is the story of Odysseus’
journey home from the Trojan War and the challenges he faced
12
Lyric Poetry Poems that were set to music Called Lyric poetry because the music
was played on a lyre Sappho was the most famous female
lyrical poet of all Greece
13
Fables Fables are stories that teach a lesson or give
advice how to live Aesop was famous for his fables (even today) The main characters are usually animals and they
live and behave like humans The Boy Who Cried Wolf The Ants and the Grasshopper The Tortoise and the Hare
14
Greek Literature Lives
Much of the literature produced by the Ancient Greeks is still popular today
15
Language
Many of our words come from the Greeks
Many places in world are named for figures in Greek Mythology
Greek mythology has inspired artist for hundreds of years
Trojans have roots in mythology
16
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