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CHAPTER-IV
PROFILE OF HYDERABAD KARNATAKA REGION
4.1 Introduction:
It is quite necessary to understand the study area in terms of its geographical,
historical, social, economical, cultural and demographic aspects as they have their
own implications to the political structure and the processes in society. The
background of the study area bears significant influence on the results of the study.
Particularly, status of Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes in the region. Hence, in
this chapter an attempt is made to present the brief profile of Karnataka state
particularly the Hyderabad Karnataka region i.e., Gulbarga, Bidar, Raichur, Yadagir,
Koppal, Bellary.
4.2 Karnataka:
Karnataka is a state in South West India. It was created on 1 November 1956,
with the passage of the states re-organization act. Originally known as the State of
Mysore, it was renamed Karnataka in 1973, capital city is Bangalore. Karnataka is
bordered by the Arabian Sea and the Laccadive Sea to the west, Goa to the north
west, Maharashtra to the north, Andhra Pradesh to the east, Tamil Nadu to the south
east, and Kerala to the south west. The state covers an area of 191,976 square
kilometres , 5.83 per cent of the total geographical area of India. It is the eighth
largest Indian state by area. With 61,130,704 inhabitants at the 2011 census,
Karnataka is the ninth largest state by population, comprising 30 districts and 176
taluks. Kannada is the most widely spoken and official language of the state. The two
main river systems of the state are the Krishna and its tributaries, the Bhima,
Ghataprabha, Vedavathi, Malaprabha, and Tungabhadra, in the north, and the Kaveri
and its tributaries, the Hemavati, Shimsha, Arkavati, Lakshmana Thirtha and Kabini,
in the south. All these rivers flow into the Bay of Bengal. Karnataka is derived from
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the Kannada words karu and nadu, meaning "elevated land". Karu nadu karu, means
"black", and nadu, means "region", as a reference to the black cotton soil found in the
Bayalu Seeme region of the state. British used the word Carnatic, sometimes
Karnatak, to describe both sides of peninsular India, south of the Krishna.
Table-4.1
Distribution of Population, Decadal growth rate State/District Population 2011 Decadal growth
rate in percentage
Persons Males Females 1991-01 2001-11
Belgaum 47,78,439 24,27,104 23,51,335 17.61 13.38
Bagalkot 18,90,826 9,52,902 9,37,924 18.82 14.46
Bijapur 21,75,102 11,12,953 10,62,149 17.51 20.38
Bidar 17,00,018 8,70,850 8,29,168 19.63 13.16
Raichur 19,24,773 9,66,493 9,58,280 23.52 15.27
Koppal 13,91,292 7,01,479 6,89,813 24.84 16.32
Gadag 10,65,235 5,38,477 5,26,758 13.13 9.61
Dharwad 18,46,993 9,39,127 9,07,866 16.68 15.13
Uttara kannada 14,36,847 7,27,424 7,09,423 10.93 6.15
Haveri 15,98,506 8,19,295 7,79,211 13.39 11.08
Bellary 25,32,383 12,80,402 12,51,981 22.41 24.92
Chitradurga 16,60,378 8,43,411 8,16,967 15.63 9.39
Davanagere 19,46,905 9,89,602 9,57,303 14.86 8.71
Shimoga 17,55,512 8,79,817 8,75,695 13.10 6.88
Udupi 11,77,908 5,62,896 6,15,012 7.14 5.90
Chikmagalur 11,37,753 5,67,483 5,70,270 12.15 0.28
Tumkur 26,81,449 13,54,770 13,26,679 12.10 3.74
Bangalore 95,88,910 50,25,498 45,63,412 35.09 46.68
Mandya 18,08,680 9,09,441 8,99,239 7.26 2.55
Hassan 17,76,221 8,85,807 8,90,414 9.68 3.17
Dakshina kannada 20,83,625 10,32,577 10,51,048 14.59 9.80
Kodagu 55,47,62 2,74,725 2,80,037 12.31 1.13
Mysore 29,94,744 15,11,206 14,83,538 15.75 13.39
Chamarajanagar 10,20,962 5,13,359 5,07,603 9.29 5.75
Gulbarga 25,64,892 13,07,061 12,57,831 21.76 17.94
Yadgir 11,72,985 5,91,104 5,81,881 20.12 22.67
Kolar 15,40,231 7,79,401 7,60,830 14.46 11.04
Chikkaballapura 12,54,377 6,37,504 6,16,873 14.33 9.17
Bangalore Rural 9,87,257 5,07,514 4,79,743 18.60 16.02
Ramanagara 10,82,739 5,48,060 5,34,679 7.84 5.06
State 6,11,30,704 31,05,7742 3,00,72,962 17.51 15.67
Source: Census of India 2011 provisional totals
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The above table shows the population & growth rate of all the districts of
Karnataka state as per census 2011 the state population is over six crore Bangalore is
the most populated district of all the districts and Kodagu is the least populated
district Bangalore rural, Chamrajnagar, Chikkamagalore, Yadgir with less decadal
growth in the state from 2001 to 2011 is 15.67 percent and among districts Bangalore
with highest growth rate of i.e., 46.68 percent, Kodagu with very least growth rate
i.e,.only 1.13 percent followed by Mandya, Hassan, Shimoga,Uttarakannada with less
decadal growth rate.
Table-4.2
Literacy rate of the state 1951-2011
(In percentage)
Year Persons Males Females
1951 20.60 N.A N.A
1961 25.40 36.20 14.20
1971 31.50 41.60 21.00
1981 38.50 48.80 27.70
1991 56.00 67.30 44.30
2001 66.64 76.10 56.87
2011 75.60 82.85 68.13
Source: Census of India 2011 Provisional population totals
The above table shows the literacy rate of the state since 1951 onwards. Table
clearly shows that since 1951 the total literacy rate of the state has been increased
from 20.60 percent to 75.60 percent in 2011 and simultaneously female literacy rate
is also increased, the increase is possible because of measures taken by the
Government.
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4.3 Regional Disparities in Human Development:
Karnataka State united in 1956 and prior to that, it was scattered in different
regions with different administrative-political units. The state was divided into five
regions and consisted of the territories of the Old State of Mysore, the Coorg, the
Bombay Presidency, the Madras Presidency and erstwhile Nizam Kingdom of
Hyderabad. The present Karnataka State is carved out from the five areas or regions
under the administrative control of different rulers. Hence, the development of the
state was not even and regional disparities have been prevailing with regard to the
various socio-economic indicators. Naturally, the region of Old Mysore State was
more developed as it was the progressive State in the country and the benevolent
Maharajas and the British administration introduced the science and technology by
establishing the basic infrastructure for its growth and sustenance.
The living standard of people was high compared to other regions. The Coorg
State was also developed in terms of human development indicators. The Bombay
Presidency area was not as developed as the Old Mysore area. The Hyderabad
Karnataka, which was under the rule of Hyderabad Kingdom, was most neglected
region in the State. Bellary, which was under the Madras Presidency, did not receive
much attention of the British Administration, as it was not important for them. High
Power Committee for Redressal of Regional Imbalances under the Chairmanship of
noted economist Dr.D.M. Nanjundappa.
4.4 Caste Profile:
In the preceding discussion, it was stated that the present Karnataka State
evolved from five regions which were part of different states with different political
structures. These five sub regions with different histories, political-administrative
patterns and even cultural patterns came to be integrated into a single Kannada-
speaking state on 1, November 1956 under an Act of the Indian Parliament which
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redrew the political administrative map of India. This integration was the result of an
organized movement for Karnataka Unification.
The unification movement was also not exception to the internal conflicts.
Two such major conflicts deserve special notice. One was the conflict between the
old Mysore State and the tiny Coorg area. On the other hand, and the other areas
spearheaded by Bombay Karnataka. The opposition to unification from old Mysore
was on the ground that its economic status as a more prosperous area would be lost
when it tagged on to the other backward Kannada-speaking areas, and also that its
distinctive identity would be gobbled up in the new order. The opposition from
Coorg came from the fear that both its material interest and its identity would be lost
in the integrated state. The other conflict centered on caste.
The Vokkaliga caste, which was dominant in Old Mysore, feared that it would
be subjected to the dominance of the Lingayats who would emerge as the single
largest and most powerful caste in the re-organized State. Yet, even the small gain
for old Mysore disappeared subsequently when the State was renamed Karnataka in
the early 1970s. But its fear of Lingayat dominance proved well founded as the first
Chief Minister of the new State was a Lingayat, S. Nijalingappa, and the first
Vokkaliga, Chief Minister could appear only in 1995, some forty year‟s after the new
state came into existence, when Deve Gowda took over as the Chief Minister in 1995
(K.Raghavendra Rao, 2000, p-18). Further, it is argued that the diversities and
presence of linguistic minorities of considerable numerical strength were the major
impediments for the generation of unity and oneness. In terms of castes and
communities, two types of diversities need to be noted those based on religion and
sect. In terms of caste, using the notion of M.N.Srinivas, somewhat loosely and non-
rigorously, we can identify three dominant castes across the state-the Brahmins, the
Lingayats and the Vokkaligas. To this must be added the occasionally dominant
alliances of what are called intermediate castes, a veritable motley crowd capable of
nothing more than contingent and politically mobilizable alliances. Further,
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complication is that not this all Karnataka profile holds equally for the different sub
regions. In old Mysore the Vokkaligas are dominant.
In Bombay Karnataka, Hyderabad Karnataka and the Bellary district in
Madras Karnataka, the Lingayats are the dominant caste. But even so, there is one
district in Bombay Karnataka in which the Lingayats are the marginal and that is
Uttar Kannada district (formerly known as North Canara or Karwar district). In
Dakshina Kannada (formerly Mangalore district) and in Coorg, the two dominant
castes hardly have any presence. Though, the Bunts of Dakshina Kannada claim
affinity with the Vakkaligas as cultivating non-Brahmin caste. Only, the Brahmins
are a pan- Karnataka caste among the three dominant castes. The Scheduled Castes
are also a pan-Karnataka group though this homogenizing label conceals an intricate
situation of local configurations, involving often confliction relationships. It is argued
that the Reorganization of States on Linguistic basis in 1956 paved way for the
emergence of dominant castes all over India so also in Karnataka. The Lingayats and
Vokkaligas have emerged politically dominant castes.
Chart-4.1
Karnataka state map showing all the districts
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4.5 HYDERABAD KARNATAKA
Hyderabad-Karnataka is a region located in the north-east Karnataka, India. It
is a Kannada speaking region of Hyderabad State ruled by the Nizams of
Hyderabad until 1948 and after merging with India union, the region was the part of
Hyderabad State until 1956. The Hyderabad-Karnataka region comprises Gulbarga,
Yadgir, Raichur, Koppal, Bidar and Bellary districts in the present state of Karnataka,
The Hyderabad-Karnataka region is the second largest arid region in India. Kalyana
Karnataka was the term coined by noted Kannada activist Dr. Chidananda
Murthy. Kalyana Karnataka to refer to Hyderabad-Karnataka as an administrative
block with Gulbarga as the administrative headquarters. Hyderabad-Karnataka region
consists of 6 districts Bidar, Gulbarga, Yadgir, Raichur, Koppal and Bellary.
Chart-4.2
Hyderabad Karnataka map
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Table-4.3
Population of Hyderabad Karnataka Region -2011
Source: Censes of India 2011
The above table shows the total population of Hyderabad Karnataka region.
Gulbarga district is the most populated district among six districts of the region
followed by Bellary and Yadgir is less populated among all the districts.
Table-4.4
Literacy rate of Hyderabad Karnataka Region 2001-2011
(In percentage)
Source: Census of India 2001 & 2011
The above table shows the literacy rate of Hyderabad Karnataka region among
six districts of the region. Literacy rate in Bidar is more and Yadgir is very less.
Since, 2001 the literacy rate of this region has been increased over 10 percent which
is the good sign of improvement. But it is very less when compared with other
regions of the state.
District State District
Code
Males Females Total
population
Gulbarga 29 25 1307061 1257831 2564892
Bidar 29 4 870850 829168 1700018
Yadgir 29 26 591104 581881 1172985
Bellary 29 11 1280402 1251981 2532383
Raichur 29 5 966493 958280 1924773
Koppal 29 6 701479 689813 1391292
Total 29 -- 31057742 30072962 61130704
Sl.
No
Name of the
district
2001 2011
Male Female Persons Male Female Persons
1 Gulbarga 66.18 42.06 54.34 75.11 55.87 65.65
2 Yadgir 51.35 28.32 39.90 63.33 41.31 52.36
3 Bidar 72.46 48.81 60.94 79.94 61.66 71.01
4 Raichur 61.52 35.93 48.81 71.35 49.56 60.46
5 Koppal 68.42 39.61 54.10 78.21 56.22 67.28
6 Bellary 69.20 45.28 57.40 77.24 58.28 67.85
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4.6 Position of the District in Human Development:
Karnataka State has published Human development Report in 1999 based on
1991 date for the then 20 district in the state. The progress in human Development
was brought out through another report published in 2005 for 27 districts in the state
today based on 2001 Data. The position of the district along with the other district in
Hyderabad Karnataka Region is indicated in the following table.
Table-4.5
Human Development and Gender Development H.K region
Districts HDI
1991
Rank HDI
2001
Rank GDI
1991
Rank GDI
2001
Rank
Bellary 0.512 18 0.617 18 0.499 17 0.606 17
Bidar 0.496 23 0.599 21 0.477 23 0.572 22
Gulbarga 0.453 25 0.564 26 0.432 25 0.543 26
Raichur 0.443 27 0.547 27 0.422 27 0.530 27
Koppal 0.446 26 0.582 24 0.428 26 0.561 24
State 0.541 - 0.650 - 0.525 - 0.637 - Source: Human Development Report 2005, Govt. of Karnataka.
According to human and Gender development index or Human development
report of 2005 of Government of Karnataka shows that Raichur and Koppal districts
are at the bottom.
Table-4.6
Literacy rate of Scheduled Castes in H.K Region-2011
(In percentage)
Source: India stat.com
Districts Persons Male Female
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Gulbarga 54.99 50.49 68.45 65.52 61.55 77.44 44.14 39.05 59.26
Yadgir 43.30 40.71 62.67 54.52 51.97 73.46 32.05 29.42 51.76
Bidar 63.40 60.93 75.03 72.47 70.43 82.10 53.90 50.97 67.65
Raichur 53.44 49.10 68.50 65.11 61.28 78.48 41.91 37.03 58.74
Koppal 59.75 58.32 68.43 70.65 69.48 77.93 48.95 47.21 59.35
Bellary 58.60 54.57 68.10 69.37 66.08 77.21 47.89 43.03 59.19
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The above table shows the literacy rate of Scheduled castes in Hyderabad
Karnataka region among six districts. Bidar has the highest literacy rate and Yadgir
and Raichur with lowest literacy rates this shows how much backwardness is still
there in this region.
Table-4.7
Literacy rate of Scheduled Tribes in H.K Region-2011
(In percentage)
Source: India stat.com
The above table shows the literacy rate of Scheduled Tribes in Hyderabad
Karnataka region among six districts. STs in Yadgir and Raichur have very less
literacy rate and Bidar with high and comparatively better by Gulbarga.
4.7 Gulbarga:
4.8 History:
Gulbarga was known as 'Kalburagi ' in former days which mean stony land
in Kannada. Gulbarga district is situated in the northern part of Karnataka State. In
the earlier days, Gulbarga was a district of Hyderabad Karnataka area and became a
part of Karnataka State after re-organization of states. Recorded history of this
district dates back to the 6th Century A.D. The Rashtrakutas gained control over the
area but the Chalukyas regained their domain within a short period and regained
Districts Persons Male Female
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Gulbarga 56.44 51.75 71.40 66.82 62.48 80.75 46.02 40.98 62.06
Yadgir 43.56 41.42 58.27 54.52 52.57 68.04 32.65 30.28 48.73
Bidar 61.54 60.26 74.54 70.88 69.76 82.41 51.93 50.47 66.62
Raichur 44.41 42.92 59.25 55.79 54.41 69.37 33.33 31.73 49.24
Koppal 60.96 60.29 69.45 72.08 71.62 78.20 49.69 48.76 61.10
Bellary 55.86 53.26 63.21 66.30 64.13 72.54 45.50 42.35 54.23
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supreme for over two hundred years. The Kalahari's who succeeded them ruled till
the 12th
Century AD, around the close of the 12th
century. The District was under the
rule of Nijams of Hyderabad before independence. The district has a rich background
of knowledge and culture. The existence of university at Nagai in Chitapur,
Vignaneeshwaras Mitakshara, Nrupatungas Kavirajmarg and the religious and social
revolution led by Shivsharanas and the Sufi saint Banda Nawaz are all evidence of it.
However, due to erratic rainfall and continuous occurrence of droughts in the 19th
century the life of the people was never smooth and secure. Further during the
Nizams period, the district could not develop due to the negligence and inefficient
administration. The distance was also a factor contributing to it. Thus it was one of
the most backward districts when it joined the old Mysore State (Fact Finding
Committee 1954). This position has not been changed even after five decades.
The Yadavas of Devagiri and the Hoysalas of Dwarasamadra destroyed the
supremacy of the Chalukyas and kalachuris. About the same period the kakatiya
kings of Wrangle came into prominence and the present Gulbarga and Raichur
districts formed part of their domain. The Kakatiya power was subdued in 1321 AD
and the entire Deccan including the district of Gulbarga passed under the control of
the Muslim Emperors of Delhi. The revolt of the Muslim officers appointed from
Delhi resulted in founding of the Bahmani kingdom in 1347 AD, by Hassan Gangu
who chose Gulbarga to be his capital. When the Bahmani dynasty came to an end,
the kingdom broke up into five independent Sultanates and the present Gulbarga
district came partly under Bidar and partly under Bijapur.
With the conquest of the Deccan by Aurangzeb in the 17th century, Gulbarga
passed back to the Mughal Empire. In the early part of the 18th century when Mughal
Empire was declining Asaf Jha a general of Aurangzeb became independent and
formed the Hyderabad State in which a major part of Gulbarga area was also
included. In 1948 Hyderabad state became a part of Indian Union and in 1956,
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excluding two talukas which were annexed to Andhra Pradesh the remaining talukas
of Gulbarga district became part of New Mysore State. Gulbarga is 613 Km north of
Bangalore and well connected by road to Bijapur, Hyderabad and Bidar. Train from
southern part of India to Mumbai and Delhi passes through Gulbarga. Shri Kshetra
Gangapur and well known pilgrimage of God Shri Sadguru Dattarya is very close
from Gulbarga.
The climate of the district is generally dry and healthy with temperature
ranging from 5c to 45c and an annual rainfall of about 750mm. The entire district is
situated in Deccan Plateau and the general elevation ranges from 300 to 750 meters
above MSL. Two main rivers, Krishna and Bhima, flow in the district. The
predominant type of soil in the district is black soil. The district has a large number
of tanks which in addition to the river irrigate the land. The Upper Krishna Project is
major irrigational venture in the district. Jowar, groundnut, rice, and pulses are the
main crops. Gulbarga an industrially backward district is presently showing signs of
growth in the cement, textile, leather and chemical industries sectors. Gulbarga has a
University with Medical and Engineering Colleges. This town was the Bahmani
capital from 1347 until its transfer to Bidar in 1428 Later the kingdom broke up into
a number of smaller kingdoms -Bijapur, Bidar, Berar, Ahmednager and Golconda.
The last of these, Golconda, finally fell to Aurangzeb in 1687. Gulbarga‟s old mooted
fort is in a much deteriorated state, but it has a number of interesting buildings inside
including the Jama Masjid, reputed to have been built by a Moorish architect during
the late 14th or early 15th century who imitated the great mosque in Cordoba, Spain.
The mosque is unique in India, with a huge dome covering the whole area, four
smaller ones at the corners, and 75 smaller still all the way around.
The fort itself has 15 towers. Gulbarga also has a number of imposing tombs
of Bahmani kings, a shrine to an important Muslim saint and the Sharana
Basaveshwara temple. Gulbarga district is one of the three districts that were
182
transferred from Hyderabad State to Karnataka state at the time of re-organization of
the state in 1956. The district is one among the 30 districts of Karnataka State. It is
located in the Northern part of the state and lies between North latitude 17 10 and 17
45 and between east longitude 76 10 and 77 45 The District is a biggest district in the
state covering 8.49percent of the area and 5.9 present of population of the state. It is
bounded on the west by Bijapur district of Karnataka and Sholapur district of
Maharashtra, on the west by Bijapur district of Andhra Pradesh, on the north by
Bidar district of and Osmanabad district of Maharashtra and on the south by Raichur
district of Karnataka. They are Afzalpur, Aland, Chincholli, Chittapur, Gulbarga,
Jewargi, Sedam, Shahapur, Shorapur and Yadagir.
Table-4.8
SC ST population in Gulbarga District 2001-2011
Source: District at a glance-2011
The above table indicates SC/ST population of Gulbarga district compared
with Karnataka state SC/ST population. In 2001 total SC/ST population of Gulbarga
was 23.77 percent and 2.17 percent which has been increased to 25.28 percent and
2.54 percent in 2011 for the same period the SC/ST population in Karnataka was
16.20 percent and 6.55 percent and 17.15 percent, 6.95 percent respectively.
District/State Caste 2001 2011
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
Gulbarga SC 18.67 26.15 23.77 19.04 28.29 25.28
ST 1.17 2.63 2.17 1.82 2.89 2.54
Karnataka SC 11.95 18.39 16.20 12.61 20.01 17.15
ST 2.95 8.41 6.55 3.47 9.15 6.95
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Table-4.9
SC/ST population in Gulbarga District 2001-2011
T
Souce: Census 2001 & 2011 GOI.
The above table shows that total SC and ST population of the district was
(5641.72) 25.94 percent in 2001 and it has been increased to (7140.41) 27.84
Percent in 2011.Maximum number of SC/ST population is in Chincholi, Chittapur
taluks of the district and less number of SC/ST population is in Afzalpur Aland and
Gulbarga.
4.9 Socio-economic background:
In recent years the High Power Committee was constituted by the Government of
Karnataka to look into the problem of regional imbalances in the state. The
Committee (popularly known as Dr..D.M.Nanjundappa Committee) submitted its
report in 2002. The committee, on the basis of various socio-economic indicators
Taluks
2001 In
Total
population
2011 In
Total
popul
ation SC ST Total SC ST Total
Afzalpur 32103 3720 35823 19.89 44188 2146 46334 21.04
Aland 67652 6194 73846 24.85 85516 6843 92359 26.98
Chincholi 74337 5153 79490 34.64 91820 9601 101421 39.92
Chittapur 107406 5789 613195 30.86 128231 7413 135644 33.64
Gulbarga 138047 9986 148033 21.91 172610 17526 190136 22.89
Jewargi 46806 11221 58027 24.66 64669 16747 81416 27.41
Sedam 50686 5839 565251 28.42 61748 4983 66731 30.40
District 517037
(23.77) 47135 5641.72 25.94
648782
(25.28) 65259 714041 27.84
184
assessed the development of 175 talukas in the state. The Committee has identified
nine talukas among the ten talukas in Gulbarga district as the most backward taluka.
The district has total area of 16174 Sq. Kms. This constitutes 5.93percent of the area
of the state. The region is characterized by black cotton soil, expanses of flat treeless
surface, a range of hills covering a surface of about 60 miles and same lower belts
following the main rivers. The district is devoid of forest except in the hilly portion
of Aland and Chincholi. The area under forest is 4.2 % of the total area.
Table-4.10
Literacy Rate- Scheduled Caste in Gulbarga District
(In percentage)
Source: Gulbarga district at a glance.
The above table shows the literacy rate of Sc population in the district.
Gulbarga district is one among the bottom five districts of the state in terms of
literacy. Except Gulbarga Taluk all the taluks have below 25 percent of female
literacy rate. When compared with rural urban literacy rate rural literacy rate is very
less. Sedam taluk has very less literacy rate and Gulbarga taluk has high literacy
rate among taluks of the district. The literacy rate of scheduled caste is supposed to
be increased due to various measures.
Talukas Total Rural Urban
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Afzalpur 45.7 24.4 35.4 45.07 23.43 34.59 51.04 32.21 42.14
Aland 46.8 25.1 36.3 46.12 24.43 35.53 57.14 37.06 47.78
Chincholi 41 20 30.8 44.12 23.65 34.31 66.23 46.31 56.74
Chittapur 43 24.84 34.08 39.3 19.2 29.75 56.7 35 47.19
Gulbarga 54.7 34.1 44.8 28.9 13.98 21.47 51.47 30.15 41.14
Jewargi 36.8 18 27.5 35.38 18.66 27.15 55.48 35.08 45.5
Sedam 32.8 16.6 24.7 35.4 16.88 26.27 53.04 30.95 42.54
Total 300.8 163.04 233.58 274.29 140.23 209.07 391.1 246.76 323.03
185
Table-4.11
Literacy Rate- Scheduled Tribe in Gulbarga District
(In percentage)
Source: Gulbarga district at a glance.
The above table presents the information about literacy rate of ST population
in the district. Gulbarga district is one among the bottom five districts of the state in
terms of literacy. Gulbarga Taluk Male and female literacy rate is more and in Sedam
it is very less. When compared with rural urban literacy rate rural literacy rate is
very less, except Gulbarga taluk Afzalpur, Aland, Chincholi taluks have better
literacy rate in the district, Sedam,Chittapur,Jewargi have less literacy rate . The
literacy rate of scheduled caste is supposed to be increased due to various measures.
4.10 Cropping Pattern:
The cropping pattern is mainly dominated by food crops. Tur is the main crop
produced in the district. The district is called as Tur Bowl of the state. Jawar is the
other main food crop Sunflower and Groundnut are the major oilseeds which occupy
the area of 1783870 and 59047 respectively.
Talukas Male Female Total Rural Urban
Afzalpur 48.4 28.6 39 39 39.6
Aland 46.8 25.2 36.4 36.2 42.1
Chincholi 50.2 27.3 39 38.6 47
Chittapur 38.4 19.9 29.4 24.6 47.1
Gulbarga 55.2 35.9 45.9 33 60.7
Jewargi 37 15.7 26.5 25.6 38.4
Sedam 34.5 17 25.6 24 32.2
Total 310.5 169.6 241.8 221 307.1
186
Table-4.12
Area Irrigated through various sources in Gulbarga District
Taluka Canals Tanks Wells Bore
wells
Lift
Irrigation
Other
Sources
Total
Afzalpur --- 67 8891 970 60 1653 11641
Aland --- 165 6045 --- 247 177 7297
Chincholi 1529 324 544 799 --- 158 3354
Chittapur --- --- 538 265 --- 518 1321
Gulbarga 77 45 3112 202 --- --- 3436
Jewargi 16859 --- 6000 330 --- 592 23781
Sedam --- 480 1215 179 --- 293 2167
Total 18465 1081 26345 2745 307 3391 52997
Source: Gulbarga district at a glance.
The above table shows irrigation facilities in the district. The district is
irrigated through Canals, Tanks, Wells, Bore wells, Lift irrigation and other sources
maximum Jewargi and Afzalpur taluks of the district have maximum irrigation
facility followed by Aland,Gulbarga and Chincholi and chittapur, Sedam with less
irrigation facility.
Table-4.13
Distribution of Land holding in the district
Number Percentage Area Percentage
Marginal 112331 20.46 13463 1
Holding
Small holdings 191271 34.86 281868 20.93
Semi Medium 158492 28.87 435718 32.36
Medium 73750 13.45 435001 32.32
Large 12956 2.36 180220 13.39
Total 548808 100 1346270 100 Source: Gulbarga district at a glance
The distribution of land holdings indicates the domination of semi medium
holdings, small holdings. They form 28.87 and 34.86 percent respectively and they
cover a maximum area of 32.36 and 20.93, medium holdings cover an area of 32.32
percent, shows that maximum number of land holders have small, medium semi land
holdings only a very less percent of land holders have large landholdings.
187
Table-4.14
Land under Cultivation in Gulbarga District
Taluka Net area
sown (Ha)
Area sown more
than once
Total cropped
area
Area under Food
grains
Afzalpur 105000 11000 116000 84926
Aland 128354 3800 166354 115484
Chincholi 100724 23416 124140 104319
Chittapur 124944 15000 139944 131719
Gulbarga 127695 19510 147205 116151
Jewargi 164017 24451 188468 133700
Sedam 81850 13517 95367 88854
District 832584 110694 977478 775153 Source: Gulbarga district at a glance.
The above table shows land cultivation details of the district, the total
cultivated land is 832584 hectares in which highest land is used for food grain
production highest food grains produced in Jewargi and Chittapur taluks less in
Afzalpur. Net are sown was highest in Jewargi and very less in Sedam.
Table-4.15
Area under Principal Crops Cereals in Gulbarga (in Ha)
Source: Gulbarga district at a glance.
Taluka Paddy Jowar Bajra Maize Wheat
Other
cereals
&
Minor
Millets
Total
Cereals
&
Minor
Millets
Afzalpur 71 26645 6105 440 3255 14 36530
Aland 651 30190 11172 564 3542 2 46121
Chincholi 225 22267 1314 72 139 15 24032
Chittapur 632 25690 3232 43 680 13 30290
Gulbarga 585 33753 8455 245 1829 27 44894
Jewargi 2894 37410 6320 346 4894 13 51877
Sedam 1105 19941 408 0 185 3 21642
District 6163 195896 37006 1710 14524 87 255386
188
The above table shows the principle crops produced in the district overall
jowar is produced maximum and Bajra, Maize production is less it indicates that in
this region Jowar is produced in all taluks maximally.
Table-4.16
Area under Principal Crops Ha (Pulses)
Pulses
Taluka Tur Horse
gram
Black
gram
Green
gram
Av
are
Cow
pea
Bengal
gram
Other
Total
Afzalpur 50968 325 300 510 15 120 22524 28 74520
Aland 44569 186 11579 1640 163 450 18452 70 77109
Chincholi 42050 20 12210 6500 --- 45 14610 --- 75435
Chittapur 55650 167 2096 3216 140 170 51870 75 113384
Gulbarga 65904 99 3213 2477 21 55 17573 21 89363
Jewargi 65018 415 --- 1934 19 288 16477 315 84466
Sedam 46634 21 822 5628 22 15 25450 25 78617
District 370523 1233 30220 21905 380 1143 166956 534 592894 Source: 2011-12 year report Statistical dept. Gulbarga.
The above table shows the area under cultivation in Hectares in all taluks of
the district Tur is maximum produced. The land used for Tur production is more in
Gulbarga, Jewargi, Afzalpur and Chittapur taluks and Bengal gram is also produced
more in Chittapur and Afzalpur of the district and other pulses produced
comparatively less.
Table-4.17
Medium Agri land holder (below 1 Ha) (SC)
Source: Agri census 2010-11 Bangalore
Taluks Number Area
Male Female Institut
ions
Total Male Female Institu
tions
Total
Afzalpur 1005 324 458 1329 614 235 462 849
Aland 2642 762 --- 3404 1630 569 --- 2199
Chincholi 3083 1018 --- 4101 1828 742 --- 2570
Chittapur 3002 658 --- 3660 1747 454 --- 2201
Gulbarga 2488 633 --- 3121 1491 430 --- 1921
Jewargi 1469 584 --- 2053 918 434 --- 1352
Sedam 2814 555 --- 3369 1492 327 --- 1818
Total 16503 4534 --- 21037 9720 3191 --- 12911
189
The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to
Scheduled castes of the district, majority of landholders are in Chincholi, Chittapur,
Aland and Gulbarga respectively and less in the remaining taluks of the district
shows Scheduled castes have very less land.
Table-4.18
Medium Agri land holder (below 1 Ha) (ST)
Source: Agri census 2010-11 Bangalore
The above table gives information about the medium agriculture land holders
who belong to Scheduled Tribes of the district, majority of landholders are in Sedam,
Jewargi, and Chittapur, respectively and less in the remaining taluks of the district
shows Scheduled tribes have less land.
Taluks Number Area
Male Female Institutions Total Male Female Institutions Total
Afzalpur - - --- --- --- --- --- -
Aland 74 10 --- 84 44 8 --- 52
Chincholi 61 18 --- 79 37 13 --- 50
Chittapur 133 21 --- 154 73 13 --- 86
Gulbarga 52 7 --- 59 32 4 --- 36
Jewargi 182 124 --- 306 122 105 --- 227
Sedam 378 53 --- 431 215 30 --- 245
Total 880 233 --- 1113 523 173 --- 696
190
Table-4.19
Medium Agri land holder (below 1 Ha) (Others)
Taluks Number Area
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Afzalpur 3926 917 4843 2524 599 3123
Aland 8031 1761 9792 6019 1239 7258
Chincholi 6120 1569 7689 3628 983 4611
Chittapur 7801 1605 9406 4555 1031 5586
Gulbarga 6803 1712 8515 4019 1046 5065
Jewargi 7528 1787 9315 4759 1236 6015
Sedam 8114 2033 10147 4297 1101 5398
Total 48323 11384 59707 29801 7255 37056 Source: Agri census 2010-11 Bangalore.
The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to
other category of the district, the number and area of land holders of this category
have more land than Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes when compared. This
shows that Scheduled castes and Tribes still very much backward.
Table-4.20
Physical Progress under MGNREGS in Gulbarga District
Source: Zilla Panchayat Gulbarga. During the year 2011-12
The above table shows the progress under MGNREGS in the district.
Maximum number of job cards issued in Jewargi, Aland, Chincholi and Chittapur
Taluks Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee
Scheme
Job cards
issued
Household
demanded
employment
No.of
persons/Households
worked under
MGNREGS
No.of families
availing 100
days of
employment
Afzalpur 23899 11439 11401 203
Aland 44129 16388 16376 726
Chincholi 35259 1197 12000 331
Chittapur 34751 10905 10905 364
Gulbarga 27123 7787 7786 195
Jewargi 48157 17448 17413 1142
Sedam 27611 5077 4862 144
Total 240929 81041 80743 3105
191
where maximum families availed 100 days of employment but very less number of
job cards issued, only few families availed 100 days of employment in Sedam,
Gulbarga and Afzalpur taluks respectively
Table-4.21
Indira Awas Houses in Gulbarga District
(During the Year 2011-12)
Taluks Indira Awas Houses Clearance development
programmes SC ST OBC Others Total
Afzalpur 491 8 127 264 890
Population
covered
Houses
constructed
Aland 832 33 206 457 1528
Chincholi 749 29 190 418 968
Chittapur 877 38 228 448 1591
Gulbarga 885 35 233 446 1599
Jewargi 645 108 197 465 1415
Sedam 499 43 122 340 1004
Total 4978 294 1303 2838 9413 4164 986 Source: Zilla Panchayat Gulbarga.
The table shows Indira Awas housing facility of the district. Majority of
Scheduled castes were utilized these facilities when compared to Scheduled Tribes
and OBC and Others in Gulbarga, Chittapur and Aland maximum Houses
constructed, and less in other taluks of the district.
Table-4.22
Houses constructed under Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Scheme in Gulbarga District
(During the year: 2011-12)
Taluks SC ST OBC Others Total
Afzalpur 148 21 0 0 169
Aland 111 62 0 0 173
Chincholi 110 35 0 0 145
Chittapur 119 36 0 0 155
Gulbarga 128 2 0 0 130
Jewargi 149 31 0 0 180
Sedam 83 41 0 0 124
Total 848 228 0 0 1076
Source: Zilla Panchayat Gulbarga.
192
The above table shows number of houses constructed under
Dr.B.R.Ambedkar scheme Majority of houses constructed in Jewargi, Aland and
Afzalpur, very less houses constructed in Sedam but still majority of houses should
be constructed.
4.11 Raichur:
4.12 History:
Raichur is very rich from the epigraphical point of view also. It has already
yielded hundreds of inscriptions, ranging right from the Mauryan period up to the end
of Muslim period. In a variety of languages like Sanskrit, Prakrit, Kannada, Arabia
and Persian, and belonging to almost, all the dynasties that ruled over the Dekkan.
The most important places from the point of view are Maski, Koppal,
Kuknur, Mudgal and Raichur. The District of Raichur was a part of the
Hyderabad state till the re-organization of state on 1st November 1956. The recorded
history of the district is traced to as far back as the third century B.C. The fact that
three minor rock edicts of Ashoka are found in this district one at Maski in the
Lingasur taluk and the other two near Koppal, prove that this area was included in the
dominos of the great mauryan king Ashoka (273-236 B.C) at that time this region
was under the governance of the viceroy of Mahamatra of Ashoka. Early in the
Christian era, the districts appear to have been a part of the kingdom of the
Satavahanas.
The Vakatakas, who reigned during the 3rd
and 4th
centuries A.D., seem to
have held sway over Raichur for some time after which it appears to have been
included in the Kadamba dominions. The next dynasty of importance, which ruled
over this region, was that of Chalukyas of Badami. According to an inscription from
Aihole, Pulikeshi-II having defeated the Pallavas accupied this area and made it a
province in his empire under the governance of his son Adityavarma. Later the whole
193
of the present Raichur district was included in the dominions of the Rastrakutas, who
rose to power in the eighth century, as could be gathered from the inscriptions of that
period found in this district. According to an inscription from Manvi taluk, one
jagattunga, a subordinate ruler under the Rastrakuta king Krishan-II, was ruling the
province of Adedore Eradusavirapranta, i.e., the area constituting the present Raichur
district, Nripatunga, a Rastrakuta king, has described Koppal in the Kannada work,
kaviraja Marga, as the great Kopananagara. Numerous inscription of the Chalukayas
of Kalyana, found in the various parts of the district, testify to the fact that this region
was under their sway for a considerable length of time between the 10th
and 12th
centuries A.D. It is learnt from an inscription found at Naoli in Lingsugur taluk that
during the region of Chalukya Vikramaditya-2 the Adedore-pranta, i.e., the Raichur
region was being ruled by his younger brother Jagadekamalla-1, another inscription
from Maski describes the place as a capital and makes a reference to the reign of
Jayasimha. There were, however frequent wars between the chola kings of the south
and the Chalukyan kings of Kalyana for supremacy over the Raichur region and the
territory and passed in to the hands of the Cholas for a brief period. The Haihayas
and Sindas also seem to have ruled some parts of this region for some time. Later,
after the face of the Chalukayas, Raichur passed in to the hands of the Kalachuri
kings. Then came the kakatiyas in the 13th
century.
From an inscription on the fort wall of Raichur referred to earlier. It is learn
that the original fort was built by one Gore Gangayya Reddy, a general of the
Kakatiya queen Rudramma Devi of Warangal, in 1294 A.D., at the instance of the
latter. The district of Raichur has a hoary past. It has had an eventful and rich
beginning from the days of the Mauryan king Ashoka. A number of inscription, rocks
edicts & other records, temples, forts and battle fields bear testimony to this fact.
Lying between two important kingdoms is the recent past, it was a part, and it was a
part of the princely state of Hyderabad and since the 1st November 1956. It is a
constituent district of the Mysore state.
194
4.13 Origin of the name Raichur:
The district derives its name from its headquarters town Raichur (origin of
name Rayachooru in Kannada), as do most of the other districts also in the state.
Through many of the villagers roundabout still call the place by the earlier from of
the name which is Rayachooru, however, in modern times, it has come to be
generally written and pronounced in kannada as Rayachooru. The name of this place
which is of considerable antiquity, can be traced back to the Twelth century at least
As Dr. P.B. Desai has pointed out the Raichur fortress was one from at least Three of
the Hoysala inscriptions in kannada in the earliest of these three inscriptions which
was found at Hulkera in Belur taluk of Hassan district (numbered Belur 193 in
Epigraphyia carnatica. Vol-V, patil, 1902) and which belong to the year 1161 A.D.
and the region of Hoysala Narasimha-1 mention is made of the perddore (the Krishna
river) as the northern boundary of Vishnuvardhana‟s kingdom and the Rachavoor as
one of the places conquered by Vishnuvardhana while still a youth. The second of
these inscriptions which was discovered at Hatana in Nagamangala taluk of the
present Mandya district Numbered Nagamangala 70 in epigraphia carnatica, Vol-IV,
part-11, 1898) and which is dated 1178 A.D. when Hoysala Vira-Ballala-II was
ruling, refers topermmana (i.e., permmatna) Rachavoor as one of the numerous forts
which Vishnuvardhana captured with a frown. This litheic record indicates that the
place was known at the time as permma‟s Rachavoor, this permma being probably a
local chieftain.
The third of these inscriptions, which is from Hirchalli in Belur taluk of
Hassan district (numbered Belur 137 in Epigraphy Carnatika. Vol. V-part 1, 1902)
and which is dated 1183 A.D. and is also the reign of Hoysala Vira-Ballala-II
enumerates Rachavoor as one of the place which vishnuvardhana captured by the
might of his arm. From the context of enumeration of places in this inscription and
other account of exploits of Vishnuvardhana, it becomes clear that the place referred
to above as Rachavoor or Rachanoor is Raichur of the present days. Racha being
195
dennied from Raya (i.e., king) and or meaning of place of town. Rachavoor
(Rachatoor) or Rachanoor (Rachatnatoor) means in kannada kings place showing that
it was already an important town in kannada country, By 1294 A.D., pemmana
Rachavoor or Rachanoor has been shortened into Rachoor of Rachooru as is clear
from a kakatiya inscription of that year found on the fortwall of Raichur it‟self. That
this form of the name for the place continued during the Vijayanagara times, at least
upto 1541 A.D. is known from two Kannada inscription of that year found at
Alampur (now in Mahaboobnagar, district of Andra Pradesh) which says that the
king Krishna devaraya captured Rachoor by his expedition in the north. Thus it is
obvious that this historical Rachoor or Rachooru underwent a further slight change in
recent times with the addition of ya between Ra and cha to become the present
Rayachooru. The ya here might be the second letter of the word Raya meaning again
king. In Hindi and Urdu the equivalent of Raya being Rai, it seems to have become
the practice to spelt the name as Raichur in Urdu, Later bringing that usage into
Vogne in English as well. It is narrated that a chieftain on witnessing a strange
spectacle of a rabbit turning on a dog that pursued from and tearing the latter (dog) to
pieces at this spot. Thought that the scene of this heroic and unusual action was bit
place for building a fort and accordingly constructed a formidable fort and named the
place as Naichur which, in Kannada, connotes the idea of the dog being form to
pieces. The present name, Raichur, is said to be have derived from that Naichur. But
this kind of the story is repeated in respect of many forts. It is also said that Rai
meaning stone in Telugu, with one (town), gave rise to Rajooru, that is a town of
stones (because of the rocks in the Vicinity) which become Rayachooru or
Raichooru. These and such other stories can be said to be only conjectures, In view
of the clear historical evidence about the name already explained. It appears that
Raichur had been once renamed Ferozenagar by Bahmani Sulthan, but the
appellation did not stick on to it and it continued to be called by the old name only.
General Information:-
196
4.14 Area:
The district is bounded on the North by the district of Gulbarga, on the West
by the district of Bijapur and Dharwad on the East by the district of Mahaboobnagar
or Andrapradesh, and on the South are the districts of Kurnool also of Andrapradesh
and Bellary. The two rivers, the Krishna and the Tungabhadra from the entire north
and southern boundaries of the district. The geographical area of the district,
according to the central statistical organization of the government of India, is 14,013
Sq. Kilometers which works out of 5,410 sq miles. But the reporting area of the
district for a land utilization purposes, as worked out by the commissioner for survey,
settlement and records in Mysore, Bangalore is 14007.9 sq kilometers or 5,435.5 sq
miles. This slight difference is due to the different methods employed by them in
measuring the area.
4.15 Climate:
The only meteorological observatory in the district is at Raichur. The data of
this observatory may be taken as representative of the conditions in the district.
December is the coldest month with the mean daily maximum temperature at 29.3
Degree c. (84.8F) and the mean daily minimum at 17.7c (63.9F). The heights are
generally cool in the season, but day temperatures sometimes reach 35 to 38 D.C.
The period from about the middle of February to May is one of continuous rise in
Temperature, may is the hottest month, the mean daily maximum temperature being
39.3 D.C. (103.7F) the heat is oppressive till the onset of the South west monsoon by
about the first week of June. There after the weather becomes slightly cooler and
continuous to be so till the end of the South west monsoon season. Day temperature
shows a slight increase in October from November both days and might temperature
gradually decrease till December. The highest maximum temperature recorded at
Raichur was 45.60 (114.1F) on 23rd
may 1928 and the lowest minimum was 10 C.
(50.F) on 14 January 1899 and 13th
December 1945.
197
4.16 Geography:
The under taking block cotton soil strips cut by numerous Nalas.
Characterized the reason of the Dharwar Distrists which is now practically denuded
of trees and presents a monotonous landscape, while the gneissic region is generally
more or less broken and covered with a thin mantle of red loamy soil. Gneissic hills
sedimentary formations, which cover a small belt of region adjoining the confluence
of the Krishna and Tungha Bhadra Rivers, occupy more or less flat plateaus.
Regionally viewed, the hills in the area present some structure features which are of
contrast in relation to the geology of the area.
4.17 Location:
Raichur district lies between 15 deg. 09 minimum and 16 deg.34 minimum.
North latitude and 75 deg 46 minimum and 77deg.35 minimum, East longitude and
in between two Major rivers Viz., Krishna & the Tungabhadra the general slop of the
district is from the north-west towards the south east. It‟s average height above the
mean sea level being just 1.311 feet.
4.18 General Boundaries:
The district is bounded on the north by the district of Gulburga, on the west by
the district of Bijapur and Dharwar, on the east by the district of Mahaboobnagar of
Andrapradesh and on the south by the districts of Kurnool, also of Andrapradesh and
Bellary. The two rivers Krishna and the Tungabhadra, from the entire northern and
southern boundaries of the district.
4.19 Rainfall:
Lingsugur gets the least amount of rainfall in the district, while towards the
south as well as the east, rainfall increases during the south west monsoon months.
Viz., June to September, the district received about 71percent of the annual rainfall.
198
4.20 Humidity:
The district on the whole has a dry climate, the period from November to May
being the driest post of the year. Even during south-west monsoon period the
humidity are not so high.
4.21 Introduction:
Provision of free and compulsory education for all children up to the age of 14
years is a constitutional directive. The recent efforts to make education a fundamental
right reflect an increased national commitment to achieve the goal of universalization
of elementary education (UEE). There has been a demand from parents for attention
to the education of their children. Simultaneous efforts were taken to focus on the
Universalization of primary education. The district has made steady progress in
achieving, universalization of elementary education, though the progress has been
uneven in different blocks. Increased enrolment, retention and achievement at the
primary stage have in turn generated growing demand for upper primary education.
Critical elements of a plan to achieve Universalization of Elementary Education:
Raichur district, being one of the DPEP Phase-1 districts, requires planning
for UEE according to a realizable and realistic time frame. The plan has been
developed keeping the following three major components. The first are the supply
side interventions which comprise conventional mechanisms already existing in the
state, and include the opening of schools, provision of teachers, constructions and
maintenance of buildings, as well as the entire of incentives provided to children in
the form of food grains, textbooks, uniforms, etc., to enhance enrolment and
attendance on this side of the spectrum greater attention will have to be paid to
providing alternate schooling. The second major component would be close that can
broadly come under interventions promoting „demand‟ for schooling. These would
principally comprise community based interventions. This would include efforts at
strengthening people‟s groups (VECS & SDMCS), and using other media to enhance
199
community awareness, such as Kalajathas and Chinnara meals, these two
components require to be backed by adequate provisions in the budgets. The third
major component for successful planning for UEE could broadly be categorized
under institutional support. This would principally necessitate a major initiative to
reform the existing management structures. In specific terms this would mean a re-
orientation of the education system to make it move away from a regulatory frame
work to one that focuses on programme support within a child centered approach. An
efficient management structure will also require the successful implementation of an
educational MIS, which takes advantage of technology and is at the same time cost
effective and sustainable. Quality in education is the major concern in the field of
education these days. However quality is an abstract concept and relative one.
Transforming this abstract concept in to a reality is a challenge before us, the above
discussed three components of education center round quality in education.
Table-4.23
Area and Population in Raichur District
Name of
the Taluk
Geograp
hical
area
(Sq.kms)
2001
census
2011 Census population Total No. of Households
Total Male Female Urban Rural Total
Devadurga 1508 280606 140165 140441 5126 43311 48437
Lingasugur 1948 385699 194363 191336 16297 52181 68478
Manvi 1793 370670 184163 186507 9137 62462 71599
Raichur 1535 498637 249556 249081 96268 267585 363853
Sindhanoor 1599 393200 196264 196936 15040 61432 76472
Total 8383 1928812 964511 964301 141868 486971 628839
Decimal
growth rate
2001
14.57
Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census, GOI
The above table shows the population census of Raichur district and total
number of households in the district the area of the district is 8383 sq.km in which
Lingasugur taluk is geographically big taluk than other taluks of the district and
200
Devadurga is small. According to census 2011 Raichur taluk is most populated
among all taluks and Devadurga is least populated.
Table-4.24
Area and Population of SC in Raichur District
Sl.
no
Name of the
Taluk
Scheduled Caste Urban Scheduled Caste Rural
Male Female Total Male Female Total
1 Devadurga 2668 2490 5158 27636 27684 55320
2 Lingasugur 8459 8501 16960 36892 35840 72732
3 Manvi 3405 3415 6820 35343 35893 71236
4 Raichur 24982 25307 50289 27300 27260 54560
5 Sindhanoor 4016 4109 8125 29658 30075 59733
Total 43530 43822 87352 15629 156752 313581
Total
SC Urban
17.81
Total
SC Rural
21.80
Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census, GOI.
The above table shows Scheduled castes population of the district according to
2011 census. Total 17.81 percent of Scheduled castes living in urban area of the
district and 21.80 percent of them living in rural areas of the district majority of
Scheduled castes living in Raichur urban, in rural area majority of Scheduled caste
living in Lingasugur and Manvi taluks followed by other taluks of the district.
Table-4.25
Area and Population of ST in Raichur District
Sl.
no
Name of the
Taluk
ST Urban ST Rural
Male Female Total Male Female Total
1 Devadurga 4300 4171 8471 43772 44292 88064
2 Lingasugur 2569 2627 5196 30227 30166 60393
3 Manvi 2750 2765 5515 41226 42449 83675
4 Raichur 5258 5284 10542 26051 26585 52636
5 Sindhanoor 1631 1693 3324 24317 24938 49255
Total 16508 16540 33048 165593 168430 334023
Total
ST Urban
20.19
Total
ST Rural
31.52
Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census.
201
The above table shows Scheduled Tribes population of the district as per 2011
census. Total 20.19 percent of Scheduled Tribes living in urban area of the district
and 31.52 percent of them is living in rural areas of the district majority of Scheduled
Tribes living in Raichur urban, in rural area majority of Scheduled Tribes living in
Devadurga and Manvi taluks followed by other taluks of the district.
Table-4.26
SC and ST Households in Raichur District
Name of the
Taluk
Scheduled Caste total No.
of Households
Scheduled Tribes
total No.of Households
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
1 Devadurga 675 7467 8142 1086 11576 12662
2 Lingasugur 2490 9299 11789 881 8020 8838
3 Manvi 1004 10938 11942 961 13675 14636
4 Raichur 7795 8130 15925 1845 8387 10232
5 Sindhanoor 1225 10272 11497 498 8247 8745
Total 13189 46106 59295 5208 49905 55113 Source: Census 2011, GOI.
The above table shows the total number of households of Scheduled castes and
Scheduled Tribes. According to 2011 census majority of SC households in Raichur
taluk and the number of households found in Devadurga is less when compared.
Majority of ST households found in Manvi and Devadurga Taluks, followed by other
taluks
Table-4.27
Most Backward Talukas of Raichur District in Karnataka State
Source: Report of the High Power Committee for Redressal of Regional Imbalance in
Karnataka, Govt. of Karnataka Bangalore 2002.
Sl.
No Taluka Rank in State Index
1 Devadurga 155 0.72
2 Lingasugur 165 0.65
3 Manvi 170 0.62
4 Raichur 172 0.61
5 Sindhanoor 173 0.57
202
Above table shows the Human development index of Raichur district its rank is 27th
in the state which shows that it is one of the most backward districts of this region.
Table-4.28
Literacy of Raichur District
As per 2011 census
Taluks Rural Urban Total Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Devadurga 61006 38116 99122 9536 7390 16926 70542 45506 116048
Lingasugur 87275 54715 141990 32208 25019 57227 119483 79734 199217
Manvi 87594 58539 146133 15107 12140 27247 102701 70679 173380
Raichur 66734 41939 108673 93844 76561 170405 160578 118500 279078
Sindhanoor 96978 66544 163522 26931 21593 48524 123909 88137 212046
Total 399587 259853 659440 177626 142703 320329 577213 402556 979769
Total
Literacy
rate of the
District
66.01 42.37 54.11 83.10 67.10 75.12
Source: Census 2011, GOI.
The above table shows the literacy rate of the district. According to census
2011 the district literacy rate is more in urban area of the district especially in
Raichur taluk,less in Devadurga when compared with rural areas, female literacy rate
is less in both rural and urban areas of the district especially very less in Devadurga.
Table-4.29
Principal crops of the District
Area of principle crops (Agri year 2011-12)
Sl.
No
Taluks Cereals area (Hectare)
Paddy Jowar Bajra Maize Raagi Wheat Other
minor
millets
Total
cereals
&
minor
millets
1 Devadurga 14750 7769 7225 15 0 182 0 29941
2 Lingasugur 5653 40653 29524 481 0 2116 0 78427
3 Manvi 40687 18171 3297 25 0 9 0 62189
4 Raichur 13490 4134 780 0 0 0 0 18404
5 Sindhanoor 68120 15411 5390 166 0 0 30 89117
Total 142700 86138 46216 687 0 2307 30 278078 Source: District statistical office Raichur.
203
The above table shows the production of principal crops in the districts paddy
is cultivated in maximum area in the district and followed by Jowar and Bajra in this
area Maize and Wheat cultivation is less.
Table-4.30
Marginal Agri.Land holders (Below 1 Ha) (SC)
Source: District statistical office Raichur.
The above provides the information about medium agriculture land holders
who belong to Scheduled castes of the district, area wise is landholders are maximum
in Manvi, Devadurga, Sindhanoor , less in Raichur Lingasugur, it also shows that the
number of land holders are more in Raichur, Devadurga and remaining taluks with
somewhat less land holders.
Table-4.31
Marginal Agri.Land holders (Below 1 Ha) (ST)
Source: Raichur district at a glance, as per 2010-11 Census
Name of the
Taluk
Number Area
Male Female Inst
ituti
ons
Total Male Female Institut
ions
Total
Devadurga 2955 576 0 3531 1801.24 377.78 0 2179.02
Lingasugur 1891 407 0 2298 1214.15 269.96 0 1484.11
Manvi 2804 1034 0 3838 1638.57 584.79 0 2223.36
Raichur 3016 196 0 3212 1620.27 110.00 0 1730.27
Sindhanoor 2051 889 0 2940 1240.69 540.69 0 1781.38
Total 12717 3102 0 15819 7514.92 1883.22 0 9398.14
Name of
the Taluk
Number Area
Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Tot Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total
Devadurga 4765 752 0 5517 2758.71 463.60 0 3222.31
Lingasugur 1769 297 0 2066 1145.76 199.65 0 1345.41
Manvi 4142 1092 0 5234 2452.85 673.84 0 3126.69
Raichur 3600 304 0 3904 1870.00 160.59 0 2030.59
Sindhanoor 2053 722 0 2775 1245.37 434.47 0 1679.84
Total 16329 3167 0 19496 9472.69 1932.15 0 1140.84
204
The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who
belong to Scheduled Tribes of the district, area wise is landholders are maximum in
Devadurga, Manvi, less in Raichur Lingasugur and Lingasugur taluks.
Table-4.32
Marginal Agri.Land holders (Below 1 Ha) (Others)
Source: Agri census, Economic & Statistical office Bangalore
Raichur district at a glance-2012-13
The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to
other category of the district, area wise is majority of landholders are in Sindhanoor,
Raichur Somewhat less in Manvi, Devadurga it also shows that the number of land
holders are more in Manvi, Raichur somewhat less land holders in other taluks of the
district.
Table-4.33
Indira Awas Houses in Raichur District
Source: Zilla panchayat Raichur 2012-13
Name of
the Taluk
Number Area
Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total
Devadurga 6646 1143 0 7789 3897.85 707.13 0 4604.98
Lingasugur 6835 1530 0 8365 4197.14 1008.24 0 5205.38
Manvi 12456 3956 0 16412 6907.12 2399.45 0 9306.57
Raichur 10768 1226 0 11994 5577.69 694.17 0 6271.86
Sindhanoor 14949 6598 0 21547 8156.92 3818.70 0 11975.62
Total 51654 14453 0 66107 28736.72 8627.69 0 37364.41
Sl.
No
Name of the
Taluk
Indira Awas Houses
Scheduled
Caste
Scheduled
Tribe
Backward
Class
Others Total
1 Devadurga 0 0 0 0 0
2 Lingasugur 568 329 422 202 1521
3 Manvi 908 916 464 791 3082
4 Raichur 0 0 0 0 0
5 Sindhanoor 940 754 0 1124 2818
Total 2416 2002 886 2117 7421
205
The table shows Indira Awas housing facility of the district. Majority of
Scheduled castes were utilized these facilities when compared to Scheduled Tribes
and OBC and Others in Sindhanoor, Manvi and Lingasugur maximum Houses
constructed and less in other taluks of the district.
4.22 Bidar:
4.23 History:
The name of Bidar appears to be derived from 'bidiru' which means bamboo.
The place seems to have been known for bamboo clusters in the past, came to be
known as 'Bidaroor' and then 'Bidare', 'Bidar'. Though there are other versions of
origin, the name 'Bidarooru' seems to be more near one and authenticated by
contemporary literary works.
4.24 The Land:
Bidar is a charming district one of its charms being a very bracing climate
practically throughout the district and for the greater part of the year. April and may
are the hot months, but even during this hot weather period, the heat is often broken
by sharp and sudden thunder showers. By early June the south-west monsoon sets in
with all its pleasant coolness and the weather is back to its bracing glory. The cold
weather is never too cold and the rainfall is never excessive though its excessive
variation is often the cause, symptom and malaise of severe droughts. One other
aspect of its charm is that it is full of history- every village and town being replete
with monuments, legends, stories of velour, romance of beautiful princesses, long
forgotten battles, feuding military adventurers and even of social reform movements
that shook the very foundation and structure of medieval Hinduism. Almost 700
kilometers from Bangalore, Bidar lies at the farthest north-eastern corner of
Karnataka. Bifurcated and truncated during the re-organization of states in 1956, it is
only a fraction of its vast expanse in the erstwhile state of Hyderabad. Present day
206
Bidar covering an expanse of 5448 square kilometers of land lies between 17 o
35 !!
and 18o 25
!! North latitudes and 76
0 42
!! minutes and 77
0 39
!! east longitudes, with the
districts of Nizamabad and Medak in Andhra Pradesh on the East and the districts of
Nanded and Osmanabad in Maharashtra on the west. On the south lies the district of
Gulbarga of Karnataka. This central position in the Deccan had for long imparted to
Bidar, the pre-eminent position in the history of the Deccan though to-day it presents
a picture of centuries of neglect and ruin.
4.25 Rain:
The average annual rainfall at Bidar is 885.8mm, about 81percent of annual
rainfall is received during the period from June to September. Maximum rainfall is
recorded in the month of September. The variation in rainfall from year to year is
large and the district is drought-prone. The average numbers of rainy days in the
district are 52. The relative humidity is high during the southwest monsoon, being
between 65 percent to 75percent. Summer is the driest part of the year, when the
relative humidity in the afternoon is between 30percent and 40percent. Winds are
generally moderate in strength with some increase in force during the latter half of
the summer season and during the monsoon. During the southwest monsoon season,
winds mainly blow between the southwest and northeast directions. In the post
monsoon season, winds blow predominantly between north and east directions.
During the winter season winds are variable in directions
4.26 Geology:
The entire district forms a part of the Deccan Plateau and is made up mostly of
solidified lava. The northern part of the district is characterized by expanses of level
and treeless surface punctuated here and there by flat and undulating hillocks, black
soils and basaltic rocks. The southern half of the district is a high plateau about 715
m above mean sea level and is well drained. The average elevation of the district is
207
between 580 to 610 m above mean sea level. Alluvial deposit is normally found
along the banks of the Manjra River and its main tributaries. The district is entirely
covered by the Deccan trap flows of the tertiary period. The Deccan trap is composed
of horizontal flows of basaltic lava. They generally form flat-topped hillocks and
terrace-like features. The physical characteristics of individual flows show
considerable variations. Some flows are hard and massive while others are
weathered, soft and friable. This character has resulted in terraced landscape,
suddenly ending in escarpments.
The traps are seen generally 618 m above mean sea level. These are jointed
and show the characteristics of spherical weathering leaving massive hard cores.
Columnar jointing is predominantly developed in these rocks, besides horizontal
joints, which impart to the rocks bedded appearance. The top layers of the Deccan
trap in parts of Bidar and Humnabad taluk are altered to reddish vesicular laterite,
forming and extensive undulating plateau. The minerals found in the area are
Bauxite, Kaolin and Red ochre. A deposit of highly siliceous bauxite clay has been
located about three kilometers south of Basavakalyan. Similar deposits are noticed
near Alwal and Kamthana Villages of Bidar taluk. A large deposit of Kaolin is
located near Kamthana village. Red ochre deposits are found near Sirsi and Aurad
Village.
4.27 Soils:
Two types of soil is found in the district i.e., Lateritic red soil and black cotton
soil. Aurad and Bhalki taluks have mainly black cotton soil. Bidar and Humnabad
taluks have mainly lateritic red soil. Basavakalyan taluk has both types of soils.
4.28 Climate:
The climate of this district is characterized by general dryness throughout the
year, except during the southwest monsoon. The summer season is from the middle
208
of February to the first week of June. This is followed by southwest monsoon
season, which continues till the end of September. The months of October and
November constitute the post-monsoon or retreating monsoon season. The winter
season is from December to middle of February and the temperature begins to
decrease from the end of November, December is the coldest month with mean daily
maximum temperature of 27.3 C and mean daily minimum of 16.4 C. From the
middle of the February, both day and night temperatures begin to rise rapidly. May is
the hottest month with mean daily maximum temperature of 38.8 C and mean daily
minimum of 25.9 C. With the withdrawal of southwest monsoon in the first week of
October, there is slight increase in day temperature but night temperature decreases
steadily. After October, both day and night temperatures decrease progressively. The
highest maximum temperature recorded at Bidar was on 8-5-1931(43.3 degree C) and
the lowest minimum was on 5-1-1901(3.9 degree C).
Table-4.34
Area and Population of Bidar District
Sl.
No
Taluk Geographi
cal area (in
Sq.Km)
Population Decadal
growth rate
in
Percentage
2011
Male Female Total
1 Aurad 1224.4 142309 136091 278400 13.50
2 Basavakalyan 1205.9 176223 169024 345247 15.12
3 Bhalki 1117.3 141603 135747 277350 7.90
4 Bidar 926.0 241095 228846 469941 15.88
5 Humnabad 985.3 169435 162927 332362 12.83
Total 5448.0 870665 832635 1703300 13.38 Source: 2011 Census Bidar district at a glance-2012-13, as per 2011 census
The above table shows the Geographical area of all taluks of the district and
population and decadal growth rate. In terms of area Aurad is biggest among the
taluks with an area of 1224.0 Sq.Kms and Bidar is small with an area of 926
Sq.Kms. Decadal growth rate of the population is highest in Bidar and Basavakalyan,
209
somewhat less in the remaining taluks of the district. In terms of population Bidar is
the most populated taluk and Bhalki with less when compared to other taluks.
Table-4.35
Area and Population of Bidar District-Urban & Rural
Source: District at a glance 2011, as per 2011 census
The above table shows the population of Bidar district as per 2011 census. A
total of 425952 people are living in urban area and 1277348 people are living in
Rural areas of the district further maximum number of people are living in Bidar
taluk and less in Aurad taluk.
Table-4.36
Area and Population of SC in Bidar District
Source: 2011 census and District at a glance,
Taluks Population
2011 census Urban 2011 census Rural
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Aurad 15385 14716 30101 126924 121375 248299
Basavakalyan 36116 33601 69717 140107 135423 275530
Bhalki 20741 19592 40333 120862 116155 237017
Bidar 111470 104550 216020 129625 124296 253921
Humnabad 35701 34078 69781 133732 128849 262581
Total 219415 206537 425952 651250 626098 1277348
Taluks 2011 census Urban SC 2011 census Rural SC Perce
ntage
of SC
popul
ation
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Aurad 4662 4487 9149 40808 38726 79534 31.86
Basavakalyan 4730 4553 9283 34041 32671 66712 22.02
Bhalki 5416 5222 10638 30433 29095 59528 25.30
Bidar 15574 14897 30471 29801 28480 58281 18.89
Humnabad 5014 4811 9825 33801 32563 66364 22.93
Total 35396 33970 69366 168884 161535 330419 23.48
210
The above table shows the Scheduled caste population living in urban and
rural area of the district. According 2011 census, majority of SC population is
residing in rural areas when compared with urban areas. Highest Scheduled caste
population is found in Aurad then in Bhalki and Humnabad taluks of the district.
Table-4.37
Area and Population of ST in Bidar District
Source: 2011 census and District at a glance.
The above table shows the Scheduled caste population living in urban and
rural area of the district. According 2011 census, majority of ST population is
residing in rural areas when compared with urban areas. In urban area the highest
Scheduled Tribe population is found in Bidar followed by Humnabad and
Basavakalyan less in Aurad and Bhalki taluks meanwhile in Rural areas the highest
Scheduled Tribe population is found in Basavakalyan and Humnabad where as less in
Bhalki and Aurad taluks and total ST population is more in Basavakalyan,
Humanabad and Bidar less in Aurad and Bhalki taluks.
Taluks Urban ST
2011 census
Rural ST
2011 census
Percen
tage of
ST
popula
tion
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Aurad 709 723 1432 14922 14228 29150 10.99
Basavakalyan 1782 1670 3452 30229 29129 59358 18.20
Bhalki 930 973 1903 13755 13351 27106 10.46
Bidar 5138 5073 10211 23387 22890 46277 12.02
Humnabad 2031 2034 4065 26904 25964 52868 17.13
Total 10590 10473 21063 109197 105562 214759 13.84
211
Table-4.38
Literacy Rate of Bidar District
As per census 2011(P)
Taluks Rural Urban Total
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Aurad 76.18 56.53 66.57 81.84 65.31 76.75 76.79 57.47 67.34
Basava
kalyan
76.93 56.48 66.87 82.46 72.13 77.46 78.05 59.57 68.98
Bhalki 79.83 59.97 70.07 87.52 72.72 80.34 80.96 61.80 71.56
Bidar 73.48 55.75 64.80 90.81 80.49 85.81 81.53 67.12 74.51
Humnabad 75.14 55.58 65.54 84.02 71.61 77.96 77.01 58.95 68.15
Total 76.28 56.82 66.73 87.42 75.88 81.81 79.09 61.55 70.51
Source: 2011 census and District at a glance.
The above table shows the literacy rate of the district, urban literacy rate is
more when compared to rural and the literacy rate in Bidar, Bhalki is more when
compared with other taluks of the district.
Table-4.39
Area of principal crops in Bidar District
Source: Bidar district at a glance 2012-13
The above table represents the area of principal crops produced in the district
paddy, Jowar,Bajra Maize, Wheat and other cereals are the principal crops of the
district. Jowar, Wheat and paddy are produced more in the district.
Taluks Cereals area (Hectare)
Paddy Jowar Bajra Maize Raagi Wheat Other
minor
millets
Total
cereals
& minor
millets
Aurad 406 17144 70 201 0 1088 0 21302
Basavakalyan 1480 13625 3546 580 0 2050 21 12923
Bhalki 667 10994 54 96 0 1112 0 18909
Bidar 1094 9748 65 513 0 740 09 12169
Humnabad 1290 13229 1374 1325 0 1885 0 19103
Total 4937 64740 5109 2715 0 6875 30 84406
212
Table-4.40
Marginal Agri.Land holders SC in Bidar District (Below 1 Ha) (As per 2010-11 Census)
Source: Agri census, Economic & Statistical office Bangalore-2010-11.
The above table shows the agriculture land holders who belong to Scheduled
castes of the district, maximum landholders are in Basavakalyan, Aurad and Bidar
respectively and less in the remaining taluks of the district shows Scheduled castes
have very less land.
Table-4.41
Marginal Agri.Land holders ST in Bidar District (Below 1 Ha)
Name of the
Taluk
Number Area
Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total
Aurad 947 173 0 1120 557.23 101.91 0 659.14
Basavakalyan 1268 252 0 1520 686.81 136.20 0 823.01
Bhalki 1337 429 0 1766 748.01 249.09 0 997.10
Bidar 1955 405 0 2360 1064.27 227.55 0 1292.82
Humnabad 1403 358 0 1761 832.7 214.88 0 1047.58
Total 6910 1617 0 8527 3889.02 929.63 0 4818.65
Source: Agri census, Economic & Statistical office Bangalore-2010-11
Name of the
Taluk Number Area
Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total
Aurad 1666 776 0 2442 988094 557.94 0 1546.88
Basavakalyan 2414 357 0 2771 1365.33 219.74 0 1585.07
Bhalki 1832 409 0 2241 955.52 246.70 0 1202.22
Bidar 1719 358 0 2077 844.98 204.66 0 1049.64
Humnabad 1711 394 0 2105 942.61 252.20 0 1194.81
Total 9342 2294 0 11636 5097.38 1481.24 0 6578.62
213
The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to
Scheduled Tribes of the district, majority of landholders are in Bidar and Humnabad
respectively and less in the remaining taluks of the district shows Scheduled tribes
have less land.
Table-4.42
Marginal Agri.Land holders others in Bidar District (Below 1 Ha)
Name of
the Taluk
Number Area
Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total
Aurad 7473 2219 0 9692 4240.61 1345.81 0 5584.42
Basava
kalyan
10130 2569 0 12699 5738.29 1438.24 0 7176.44
Bhalki 11485 3757 0 15242 6340.29 2162.25 0 8502.54
Bidar 9991 2410 0 12401 5096.93 1252.34 0 6349.27
Humnabad 8062 2357 0 10419 4439.72 1361.17 0 5800.89
Total 47141 13312 0 60453 25855.84 7559.81 0 33415.65
Source: Agri census, Economic & Statistical office Bangalore-2010-11
The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to
other category of the district, the number and area of land holders of this category
have more land than Scheduled castes and Scheduled tribes when compared. This
shows that Scheduled castes and Tribes still very much backward.
Table-4.43
Physical Progress under MGNREGS in Bidar District
During 2011-12
Taluks Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
Job cards
issued
Household
demanded
employment
No.of persons/
Households
worked under
MGNREGS
No.of families
availing
100 days
of employment
Aurad 46415 8388 6499 509
Basavakalyan 40471 8701 6724 753
Bhalki 53966 7438 6191 522
Bidar 38814 9380 7653 189
Humnabad 29980 7697 6086 175
Total 209646 41604 33153 2148
Source: Zilla Panchayat Bidar 2012-13
214
The above table shows the progress under MGNREGS in the district.
Maximum number of job cards issued in Bhalki, Aurad Basavakalyan where
maximum families availed 100 days of employment but very less number of job
cards issued, few families availed the 100 days of employment in other taluks
respectively.
Table-4.44
Indira Awas Houses in Bidar District
Sl.
No
Name of the
Taluk
Indira Awas Houses
Scheduled
Caste
Scheduled
Tribe
Backward
Class
Others Total
1 Aurad 48 16 15 32 111
2 Basavakalyan 127 39 59 80 305
3 Bhalki 24 8 13 13 58
4 Bidar 51 29 25 31 136
5 Humnabad 46 12 12 11 81
Total 296 104 124 124 691 Source: Zilla panchayat Bidar 2012-13
The table shows Indira Awas housing facility of the district. Maximum
number of Scheduled castes were utilized these facilities when compared to
Scheduled Tribes and OBC and Others in Basavakalyan, Bidar and Aurad maximum
Houses constructed and less in other taluks of the district.
4.29 Yadgir:
Yadgir district is one of the 30 Districts of Karnataka state in southern India.
This district was carved out from the erstwhile Gulbarga as the 30th
district of
Karnataka on 10 April 2010. Yadgir town is the administrative headquarters of the
district. The district occupies an area of 5,160.88 km².
215
4.30 Divisions and history:
Presently, the district comprises three taluks: Shahpur, Surpur and Yadgir. The
district has 16 hoblies, 117 Gram Panchayets, 519 villages (inhabited & uninhabited)
and four municipalities.
4.31 History:
Yadgir, popularly called as “Yadavagiri” by the local people, was once a
capital of the Yadava Kingdom. Has a rich historical and cultural traditions. Yadavas
chose Yadgir to be their capital and ruled from here from 1347 to 1425 A.D.
Mentioned as Yadgir in ancient inscriptions, Yadgir is popularly known as
“Yadavagiri” by the locals. Yadgir district has its deep roots in history. The famous
dynasties of the south, the Satavahans, the Chalukyas of Badami, the Rastrkuta,
Shahis, the Aidil shahis, the Nizam Shahis have ruled over the district. In 1504
Yadgir (Gulbarga) was permanently annexed to Adil Shahi kingdom of Bijapur. In
1657 with the invasion of Mir Jumla it passed into the hands of Mughals. Later with
the establishment of Asaf Jahi (Nizam) Dynasty of Hyderabad (1724 - 1948) Yadgir
and Gulbarga came under it. In 1863 when Nizam Government formed Jillabandi,
Surpur (Shorapur) became district headquarter, with nine Talukas of which Gulbarga
was one of them. In 1873 Gulbarga was formed into Separate district with seven
talukas. With reorganization of states in 1956 Gulbarga became Part of Karnataka
State and Divisional headquarter. (Yadgir is one of the taluka comes under Gulbarga
district).
The Bahamani rulers built Gulbarga city with Palaces, Mosques, Gumbazs,
Bazaars and other public buildings. There are five score large and small Marques and
three score and ten Darghas in Gulbarga. The City is described as a “Garden of
Gumbazs” So also number of Temples, churches and other religious centers are
spread all over the city. (In Yadgir Yadava dynasty fort situated in middle of the
216
hill.). Inside the fort the Jumma Masjid, a noteworthy monument of Gulbarga is in
well preserved condition. It is said that it resembles the famous mosque of „Cordova‟
city in Spain. The Masjid measuring 216 ft. east-west and 176 ft north south covering
an area of 38016 sq ft. Happens to be the only mosque in India, which is completely
covered. Fergusson observes this “as one of the most remarkable of its class in India
in some respect unique.
Yadgir district is the 2nd smallest district in the state, area wise is very rich in
cultural traditions. The vast stretch of fertile black soil of the district is known for
bumper red gram and jawar crops. The district is a “Daal bowl” of the state. The
district is also known for cluster of cement industries and a distinct stone popularly
known as “Malakheda Stone”. Yadgir has been blessed by the incessant flowing of
two main rivers Krishna and Bhima in addition to these two, a few tributaries flow in
this region.
The upper Krishna project and Shahapur Taluka in Bendebembali “Core
Green Sugar Factory yet to start. Yadgir which is known for of industries is
presently showing great deal of signs of growth in the cement, textile, leather, and
chemical production in the industrial sector. One of the recent developments, where
in the people of Yadgir are proud and boastful is that the establishment of Agriculture
University in Bheemarayana Gudi (B.Gudi). The cabinet meeting held at Gulbarga
on 26 September 2008, has resolved Yadgir will be formed as new district.
Accordingly the Hon'ble Chief Minister declared Yadgir as new district.
Followed by this the Government has appointed an IAS officer as Special Officer for
Yadgir district until the final Notification of district is published in the Karnataka
Gazette. Finally the Government has issued Gazette Notification declared Yadgir as
a 30th
new district of Karnataka State on 26.12.2009. Consequent to Final
Notification the Yadgir district came into existence with effect from 30.12.2009.
217
4.32 Demographics:
According to the 2011 census Yadgir district has a population of
1,172,985, roughly equal to the nation of Timor-Leste or the US state of Rhode
Island. This gives it a ranking of 404th in India (out of a total of 640). The district has
a population density of 224 inhabitants per square kilometer (580 /sq mi). Its
population growth rate over the decade 2001-2011 was 22.67 percent .Yadgir has
a sex ratio of 984 females for every 1000 males, and a literacy rate of 52.36percent.
4.33 Education:
It has 1,024 primary schools, 149 high schools, 40 Pre-University colleges, six
degree colleges, and 1 polytechnic institute. Yadgir district has 933 primary schools
out of which 464 LPS, 469 are higher primary schools and 121 high school having
classes VIII to X are run by education department. There are 1223 Anganwadi
centers run by the Department of Women & Child Development. 605 Schools are
providing lower primary education. Out of 605 schools 464 schools are run by
education department, 1 school by social welfare department, 3 are aided schools and
137 are unaided schools.587 Schools are providing higher primary education. Out of
587 schools 469 schools are run by education department, 15 schools are run by
social welfare department, 26 schools are aided schools, and 77 are unaided
schools.200 Schools are providing High school education. Out of 200 schools 119
schools are run by education department, 16 schools are run by social welfare
department, 15 schools are aided schools and 50 are unaided schools.
A project to support high schools to integrate ICTs with teaching-learning has
been launched with the education department; this includes use of free and open
source applications like Geogebra, Phet, Freemind etc. Participating schools
include GHS Honagera. The project Kalike Samrudhi Upakrama involves an
umbrella of NGOs including Kalike, IT for Change etc. Major institutions are:
218
1.Chiranjeevi Methodist High School (Eng & Kan medium) 2-Mahatma Gandhi High
School & PU Science College 3-Dhoka Jain High School 4-Don Bosco School &
College 5-Jawar Education Society 6-R.V. Education Trust 7-New Kannada Higher
Primary School & College 8-Sri Chennareddy Patil PU College 9-Chiranjeevi
Methodist Composite PU College 10-Governament Degree College 11-Nivedita
Education Society 12-Govt.Junior college. 13.Yadgir polytechnic (Managed by
luqman trust, Gulbarga)
4.34 Medical facilities:
The district has three hospitals, three ayurvedic hospitals, 37 public health
centres, six community health centers, 20 dispensaries and 120 family welfare sub-
centers.
4.35 Scenic and cultural places:
Yadgir itself is a historic place. The fort on the rocky mountain has all the
story hidden within.Scenic beauty of yadgir can only be experienced standing on top
of this mountain. Waterfalls called Dhab Dabi about 5 km from Gurmitkal and about
30 km from yadgir a visual treat in monsoon. 'Chintanalli' famous for the temple of
lord 'Gavi Siddeshwara' where the lord resides in a cave with natural water flowing
over the temple and falling at the entrance and thus making every devotee to have a
shower before having lorded‟s blessings.
There is also a bridge cum barrage constructed across river Bheema which is
some 4 km away from the city well connected by road. It is a place worth watching
especially when the gates are open for water flow. Sleeping Buddha in shahapur
taluk a nature‟s gift to yadgir district. This place formed by four hills looks like a
sleeping Buddha. This is unique, marvelous & amazing spot on the earth.
Waganagera Fort, in Surpur taluk is another jewel added to yadgir's crown. It has its
own story to tell.
219
Table-4.45
Area and Population of Yadgir District
Sl.
No
Name of the
Taluk Geographical area
(Sq.kms)
2001 census
2011 Census population
Male Female Total
1 Shahapur 1687.1 183279 179387 362666
2 Shorapur 1838 208700 203219 411919
3 Yadgir 1709.2 199125 199275 398400
Total 5234.5 591104 581881 1172985
Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census
The above table indicates area and population of the district according to 2001
census the Geographical area of the district. Shorapur taluk with highest geographical
area and followed by Yadgir and Shahapur taluks. According to 2011 census the
population of the district it is found that in Shorapur taluka the population is more
and Yadgir and less in Shahapur taluks of the district.
Table-4.46
Area and Population of SC in Yadgir District
Source: 2011 census
The above table indicates the total SC population residing in Urban and Rural
areas of the district SCs residing in rural areas is more when compared to SCs living
in urban areas Majority of SCs are living in Shorapur taluk followed by other taluks.
Sl.
No
Population
Name of
the Taluk
Scheduled Caste Urban Scheduled Caste Rural
Male Female Total Male Female Total
1 Shahapur 35026 33660 68686 148253 145727 293980
2 Shorapur 25815 25585 51400 182885 177634 360519
3 Yadgir 50419 49988 100417 148696 149287 297983
Total 111270 109233 220503 479834 472648 952482
220
Table-4.47
SC and ST Population in Yadgir District
Source: Census-2001
The above table represents the number of Scheduled caste and Scheduled
Tribe households in Yadgir district. The number of Scheduled caste and Scheduled
Tribe households found in rural areas of all the taluks of the district and less in urban
areas. Majority of Scheduled Casts found in Yadgir taluk and Shahapur taluks
comparatively less in Shorapur taluk and majority of Scheduled Tribes found in
Shorapur taluk comparatively less in Shahapur and Yadgir taluks of the district.
Table-4.48
Scheduled caste population in Yadgir District (Urban & Rural)-2011
Population
Name of the
Taluk
Scheduled Caste (Urban) Scheduled Caste (Rural)
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Shahapur 35026 33660 68686 148253 145727 293980
Shorapur 25815 25585 51400 182885 177634 360519
Yadgir 50429 49988 100417 148696 149287 297983
Total 111270 109233 220503 479834 472648 952482
Source: 2011 Provisional census
The above table shows the area and population of the district according to
2011 census highest Scheduled caste population is living in rural areas of the district.
It is found that in urban areas, highest Scheduled caste living in Yadgir taluk
comparatively less in other remaining taluks and it is found that in rural areas highest
scheduled castes living in Shorapur comparatively less in Yadgir and Shahapur taluks
of the district.
Sl.
No
Name of the
Taluk
SC total Nos of House holds ST total Nos of House
holds
Urban Rural Total Urban Rural Total
1 Shahapur 860 10195 11055 287 3815 4102
2 Shorapur 699 9513 10212 1137 9064 10201
3 Yadgir 1809 10872 12681 646 3287 3933
Total 3368 30580 33948 2070 16166 18236
221
Table-4.49
Area and Population in Yadgir District (Urban & Rural)-2001
(As per 2001 census)
Sl.
No
Population
Name of
the Taluk
Scheduled Caste Urban Scheduled Caste Rural
Male Female Total Male Female Total
1 Shahapur 2651 2463 5114 30955 30523 61478
2 Shorapur 2183 2076 4259 28635 28293 56928
3 Yadgir 5196 5016 10212 31462 31105 62567
Total 10030 9555 19585 91052 89921 180973
Source: 2001-census.
The above table shows the area and population of the district according to
2001 census highest Scheduled caste population is living in rural areas of the district.
It is found that in urban areas, highest Scheduled caste population in Yadgir taluk
comparatively less in other remaining taluks and it is also found that in rural areas
highest scheduled castes in Yadgir comparatively less in Shahapur and Shorapur
taluks of the district.
Table-4.50
Literacy of Yadgir District
Name of
the taluk
Literates
Rural Urban Total
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Shahapur 115376 71800 43576 43055 24387 18668 158431 96187 62244
Shorapur 160188 100269 59919 31191 17576 13615 191379 117845 73534
Yadgir 103317 64218 39099 63813 35547 28266 167130 99765 67365
Total 378881 236287 142594 138059 77510 60549 516940 313797 203143
Source: As per 2011 census
222
The above table represents the literacy rate of the district the total number of
literates are more in urban areas and less in rural areas of the district among all taluks
majority of literates found in Shorapur taluk followed by Yadgir and Shahapur taluks
Table-4.51
Literacy rate of Scheduled Caste in Yadgir District-2011
Taluks SC Rural SC Urban
percentage
of SC
population
to total
population
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Shahapur 40037 39499 79536 4654 4522 9176 24
Shorapur 39524 38633 78157 2851 2957 5808 20
Yadgir 41751 42277 84028 8387 8223 16610 25
Total 121312 120409 241721 15892 15702 31594 23
Source: Census 2011
The above table represents the literacy rate of Scheduled castes in urban and
rural area of the district .The literacy rate of Scheduled castes is maximum in rural
areas and less in urban areas majority of Scheduled castes are literate in Yadgir taluk
and Shahapur and less in Shorapur taluks of the district.
Table-4.52
Literacy rate of Scheduled Tribe in Yadgir District-2011
Sl.
No
Taluks ST Rural ST Urban Percentage
of ST
population
to total
population
Male Female Total Male Female Total
1 Shahapur 14543 14643 29186 1925 1909 3834 9
2 Shorapur 37437 36885 74322 4839 4859 9698 20
3 Yadgir 12594 12622 25216 2226 2367 4593 07
4 Total 64574 64150 128724 8990 9135 18125 13
Source: Census 2011.
223
The above table represents the literacy rate of Scheduled tribes in rural and
urban area of the district. The literacy rate of Scheduled Tribes is maximum in rural
area and less in urban areas majority of Scheduled tribes are literate in Shorapur taluk
and less in Yadgir and Shahapur taluk.
Table-4.53
Marginal Agri. Land holders of SC in Yadgir District (Below 1 Ha)
Source: Zilla Panchayat Yadgir-2012.
The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to
Scheduled castes of the district, majority of landholders are found in Yadgir taluk and
less in other taluks.
Table-4.54
Marginal Agri. Land holders of ST in Yadgir District (Below 1 Ha)
Source: District at a Glance.
Name of
the Taluk
Number Area
Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total
Shahapur 4078 923 0 5001 2431.86 571.64 0 3003.50
Shorapur 3051 529 0 3580 1913.95 332.05 0 2246.00
Yadgir 7125 879 0 8004 3818.87 464.09 0 4282.96
Total 14254 2331 0 6585 8164.68 1367.78 0 9532.46
Name of
the Taluk
Number Area
Male Female Institu
tions
Total Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total
Shahapur 1347 417 0 1774 805.96 273.42 0 1076.38
Shorapur 2645 545 0 3190 1661.18 346.20 0 2007.38
Yadgir 1863 299 0 2162 964.08 156.80 0 1120.88
Total 5865 1261 0 7126 3431.22 776.42 0 4207.64
224
The above table shows the medium agriculture land holders who belong to
Scheduled Tribes of the district, majority of landholders are found in Shorapur taluk
and comparatively less in other taluks of the district.
Table-4.55
Marginal Agri.Land holders (Others) (Below 1 Ha)
Source: Zilla Panchayat Yadgir-2012
The above table represents the medium agriculture land holders who belong to
other category of the district, majority of landholders are found in Yadgir taluk and
less in other taluks.
Table-4.56
Physical Progress under MGNREGS in Yadgir District
(During 2011-12)
Taluks Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Scheme
Job cards
issued
Household
demanded
employment
No.of
persons/Households
worked under
MGNREGS
No.of families
availing 100
days of
employment
Shahapur 71842 17572 17547 69
Shorapur 96500 13997 13986 475
Yadgir 66197 15868 15769 326
Total 234539 47437 47302 870 Source: Zilla Panchayat Yadgir-2012.
Name of
the
Taluk
Number Area
Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total Male Female Insti
tutio
ns
Total
Shahapur 11430 2367 0 13797 6469.32 1410.40 0 7879.72
Shorapur 10581 2200 0 12781 6290.40 1333.28 0 7623.68
Yadgir 18683 2674 0 21357 9538.17 1330.24 0 10868.41
Total 40694 7241 0 47935 22297.89 4073.92 0 26371.81
225
The above table represents the Physical progress under MGNREGS highest
job cards issued in Shorapur taluk and less in Yadgir where as number of
persons/households worked under this scheme is highest in Shahapur taluk and very
less in Shorapur taluk and more than 450 families availed 100 employments in
Shorapur taluk and very less by Shahapur taluk.
Table-4.57
Houses constructed under Ashraya Scheme in Yadgir District (During 2011-12)
Taluks Scheduled
Caste
Scheduled
Tribe
Backward
Class
Others Total
M F M F M F M F M F
Shahapur 82 25 27 46 180
Shorapur 210 204 78 241 733
Yadgir 245 74 76 187 582
Total 537 303 181 474 1495 Source: Zilla panchayat Yadgir-2012. Note: M=Male, F=Female
The above table shows that the number of houses constructed under Ashraya
scheme maximum number of Indira awas houses constructed for Scheduled castes in
the district followed by other castes and very less houses constructed for OBCs in the
district the total houses constructed in Shorapur is more when compared to other
taluks of the district.
Table-4.58
Indira Awas Houses in Yadgir District (During 2011-12)
Taluks SC ST OBC Others Total
M F M F M F M F M F
Shahapur 0 82 0 25 0 27 0 46 0 180
Shorapur 0 210 0 204 0 78 0 241 0 733
Yadgir 0 245 0 74 0 76 0 187 0 582
Total 0 537 0 303 0 181 0 474 0 1495
Source: Zilla panchayat Yadgir 2012, Note: M=Male, F=Female
226
The above table shows the housing details of the district houses constructed under
Indira awas is comparatively maximum in shorapur taluka and very less in
Shahapur taluk average in Yadgir. The total number of houses constructed for
Scheduled caste female is more when compared to other castes of the district.
Table-4.59
Houses constructed under Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Scheme in Yadgir District
(During the year: 2011-12)
Name of
the Taluk
Houses constructed under Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Scheme
Scheduled
Caste
Scheduled
Tribe
Backward
Class
Others Total
M F M F M F M F M F
Shahapur 0 35 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 35
Shorapur 0 40 0 20 0 0 0 0 0 60
Yadgir 0 49 2 11 0 0 0 0 2 60
Total 0 124 2 31 0 0 0 0 2 155
Source: Zilla panchayat Yadgir 2012-13,
Note : M=Male, F=Female
The houses constructed under Dr.Ambedkar scheme in the district, a total of
155 houses constructed in the district in which 124 houses for Scheduled castes and
only 33 houses for Scheduled tribes comparatively less houses constructed for males
in the district.
4.36 Koppal:
4.37 History:
The ruins and remains of the days of Paleolithic period are found in Koppal.
The Rock paintings, Remains of dwellings and antiquities of Neolithic and
Megalithic cultures are traced in Koppal. Two inscriptions of Emperor Ashoka- Shri
Gavimatha Inscription and Palaki gundu Inscription are found in Koppal. Ranna- the
eminent Kannada poet praised the serenity and sanctity of Koppal. The inscriptions
227
of „Shravanabelagola‟ praise „Kopana‟ as the jolliest place. There are more than 100
temples in Kanakagiri and among them 'Lakshmi-Narasimha‟ temple and
„Kanakaraya temple‟ deserve special mention and appreciation. Shri Trillingeshwara
temple in Mudhol and Shri Balleshwara temple in Balageri are examples of
outstanding skill and sculpture. The ruins and remains of the days of Paleolithic
period are found in Koppal. The Rock paintings, Remains of dwellings and
antiquities of Neolithic and Megalithic cultures are traced in Koppal.
Koppal town being the head quarters of district is known for its historical
glory and literary personalities. The other important places of the district are Bhagya
nagar, Kinnal, Itagi, Hulagi, Kukanoor, Kalloor, Gangavati, Kanakagiri, Anegundi,
Gudadur, and Munirabad. Bhagya nagar is known for weaving and many people are
engaged in the work of preparing raw material to prepare wigs and exports to the
other countries, i.e., Switzerland etc, Kinnal is known for its Traditional art in
handicrafts-Toy making, Chowkis, Fruit plates etc., and Itagi is well known for
Mahadeva. Hulagi is famous for Huligemmadevi temple, which is situated on bank
of river Tungabhadra. As many as 50 rice polishing mills are situated in and around
the Gangavathi town. Anegundi once known as Kishkindha is one of the important
place, which is cited in the great epic „Ramayana‟. And the picture shown below is
believed that of shri.Ramas foot mark.
4.38 Introduction:
Koppal, a newborn district of Karnataka state, carved out of Raichur District,
came into existence on 01-04-1998. It is situated between 15* 09' 00" to 16* 03' 30"
North Latitude and 75* 47' 30" to 76* 48' 10" East Longitude. It consists of four
talukas viz: Koppal, Gangavathi, Kushtagi & Yelburga. Koppal district is surrounded
by Raichur district in the east, Gadag district in the West, Bagalkot district in the
north, Bellary district in the south. A Koppal district head quarter is closest to the
world heritage Hampi.
228
4.39 Socio-Economic condition:
The social setup in Koppal district is mainly of traditional style. There are
people practicing different religions like Hinduism, Islam, Christianity, Jainism and
Buddhism. The main feature of the social climate of the The district is optimized
with religious tolerance and social harmony and peaceful co-existence. Quite natural
to the backwardness, Koppal district has the woman population that is still in the grip
of illiteracy, blind beliefs, evil practices like Devadasi & Child marriage. These
social and economical factors certainly contribute to lack of demand for education in
the district. Major occupation of the district is Agriculture and Major crops are
Sugarcane, cotton, Rice and cereals.
4.40 Geographical features:
Koppal district is situated in northern part of Karnataka State. Koppal district
has four revenue blocks namely, Koppal, Gangavathi, Kushtagi, and Yelburga. The
district head quarter is at Koppal and almost all district offices are exists in Koppal
city. The geographical area of district is 5559 sq meters and the district finds its
position between 15°17‟ to 16°10‟ North latitudes, 75°45‟ to 76°45‟ East longitudes.
Koppal district has 636 villages. The North-East of the district is surrounded by
Raichur District, East by Gadag district, south is Bellary district and South East is
Bagalkot district. The river Tungabhadhra flows along the border of Koppal and
Gangavathi taluk as the district is arid zone area and is surrounded by hills belonging
to Yamini Mountain series. Soil in Koppal district is mainly of moderate, fertility in
nature. Major industry in Koppal district is Cotton textiles. Koppal district is
bountifully blessed with plenty of mineral resources and it is considered to be a
prosperous district. Iron ores are found in old mines in Kustagi taluka, but the Iron
available here contains only 20.40percent of Iron. The Quartz quary that is traced
near Tavarageri in Kustagi taluk is found to be good in preparation of „Ferro-Silicon‟.
Quartz is also found near Alla nagar in Koppal taluka. Quartz is available in plenty
229
that is mainly used in the manufacture of glass. Franchsite and Quartzite of very good
quality, which is used for Mosaic tiles, is available in Bailakampur in Gangavathi
taluka. Red Granite is found near Huligere, and Purtagere in Kustagi taluka. Granite
of superior quality is available in and around Kukanoor in Yelburga taluka.
Madinoor in Koppal taluka and Koodlur in Kustagi are known for soap stone which
is used as filler in the manufacture of pesticides.
4.41 Soil:
Koppal district is having partly red sandy and black cotton soil suitable for
agriculture and horticulture crops. The taluk is having few Rocky Mountains with
exrophytic vegetation.
4.42 Rivers:
The Tungabhadra river is formed by union of two rivers, viz., the Tunga and
the Bhadra, both of which rise at Gaugamela in the Varaha Parvata of the Western
Ghats. This is also a perennial river, very deep in certain places and almost
unaffordable even in the dry season. This river enters the district near Kesalapur
village at the south-western tip of Koppal Taluk. The general slope of the land in the
district being north-west to south-east, the Tungabhadra has a large number of
rivulets and streams serving as tributaries. There is Tungabhadra reservoir at
Munirabad which is in the border of koppal taluk.
4.43 Climate and Rainfall:
The climate of the district is very hot and dry. Hot season starts from middle
of the February to end of May. Southwest monsoon ranges from June to end of
September. Post monsoon is firing the October and November. Cold season is from
December to middle of February. The average rainfall of the district is 572 mm and
average rainy days are 46.
230
4.44 District Population 2011:
In 2011, Koppal had population of 1,389,920 of which male and female were
699,926 and 689,994 respectively. In 2001 census, Koppal had a population of
1,196,089 of which males were 603,312 and remaining 592,777 were females.
Koppal District population constituted 2.28 percent of total Maharashtra population.
In 2001 census, this figure for Koppal District was at 2.26 percent of Maharashtra
population.
4.45 Occupation:
The working population of Koppal district is 46.46percent of the total
population. The main worker population comprises of 35.37percent of the total
population and 11.08percent is the marginal workers, the total working population
22.5 percent, 15.19 percent is cultivators and agricultural workers respectively. The
workers population in the district indicates that cultivators and agricultural labours
dominate the total working population with 37.69 percent. The non-working
population of the district is 53.54 percent.
4.46 Area and Land Utilization pattern:
The total geographical area of Koppal district is 552495 hectares out of which
forest area is 29451 hectares. Land not available for cultivation is 55497 hectares.
Area sown is 396627 hectares. Koppal district is an administrative district in the
state of Karnataka in India. In the past Koppal was referred to as 'Kopana Nagara'.
Hampi, a World heritage center, covers some areas of Koppal District. It is situated
approximately 38 km away. Anegundi is also a famous travel destination. The district
of Koppal has come into existence as recently as 1998. It is located between 15.09'
00"-16. 03' 30" North Latitude and 75. 47' 30" to 76. 48' 10" East Longitude. Koppal
District located in the northern interior of Karnataka has an area of 8,458 sq km. It is
bounded by the districts of Raichur, Bagalkot, Gadag, and Bellary. Koppal district is
231
the best seed production center in the state. Several national seed companies have
seed production centres for flowers, fruits, vegetables and pulses here.
Anegundi, Kanakagiri, Navabrindavana, and Kuknur are the important places
to visit.Geographically, Koppal is a stretch of rocky terrain on one side and acres of
dry land on the other wherein agricultural crops like Jowar, Ground-nuts etc are
grown. Farmers still use the old Bullock-Cart ploughing methods, depending mainly
on the Monsoons which are a rarity in these parts of the world. However, recently
some of them have ventured into high-tech irrigational Farming especially after the
Tungabhadra river waters from the neighbouring town of Munirabad (20kms away
with a huge Dam) is been redirected to the Town to solve its water problems.
4.47 Location:
It is situated approximately 38 km away. Anegundi is also a famous travel
destination. Koppal district is bounded by Raichur district in the east, Gadag district
in the West, Bagalkot district in the north, Bellary district in the south.
4.48 District Density 2011:
The initial provisional data released by census India 2011, shows density of
Koppal district for 2011 is 250 people per sq. km. In 2001, Koppal district density
was at 215 people per sq. km.
4.49 Literacy Rate 2011:
Average literacy rate of Koppal in 2011 were 68.09 compared to 54.10 of
2001. If things are looked out at gender wise, male and female literacy were 78.54
and 57.55 respectively. For 2001 census, same figures stood at 68.42 and 39.61 in
Koppal District. Total literate in Koppal District were 809,085 of which male and
female were 468,785 and 340,300 respectively. In 2001, Koppal District had 534,547
in its district.
232
4.50 Sex Ratio 2011:
With regards to Sex Ratio in Koppal, it stood at 986 per 1000 male compared
to 2001 census figure of 983. The average national sex ratio in India is 940 as per
latest reports of Census 2011 Directorate. In 2011 census, child sex ratio is 958 girls
per 1000 boys compared to figure of 953 girls per 1000 boys of 2001 census data.
4.51 Religion-wise Data 2011:
What is the population of Muslim in Koppal? What is Hindu's Population in
Koppal district are questions that are being asked to us. As of now, Government of
India has not declared population of Hindu, Muslim, Sikhs, Christian, Buddhists and
Jains in district of Koppal, Karnataka.
Table-4.60
District Area, Population, Literacy Density details
Description 2011 2001
Actual Population 1,389,920 1,196,089
Male 699,926 603,312
Female 689,994 592,777
Population Growth 16.21% 24.84%
Area Sq. Km 5,570 5,570
Density/km2 250 215
Proportion to Karnataka Population 2.28% 2.26%
Average Literacy 68.09 54.10
Male Literacy 78.54 68.42
Female Literacy 57.55 39.61 Source: Census data 2011.
The above table gives the detailed information about some of the important
aspects such as growth of the population, Literacy and density, population growth
increased from 1196089 to 1389920, population growth rate is 16.21 percent in 2011
as compared to 24.84 in 2001 census this shows the decline in growth rate but when
we compared with Karnataka it is 2.28 percent, 2.26 percent in 2011 2001
respectively only 0.2 percent increased in Karnataka population. Literacy rate has
been increased from 54.10 percent to 68.09 percent.
233
4.52 District Urban Population 2011:
Out of the total Koppal population for 2011 census, 16.81 percent lives in
urban regions of district. In total 233,704 people lives in urban areas of which males
are 116,968 and females are 116,736. Sex Ratio in urban region of Koppal district is
998 as per 2011 census data. Similarly child sex ratio in Koppal district was 973 in
2011 census.
Child population (0-6) in urban region was 31,104 of which males and
females were 15,762 and 15,342. This child population figure of Koppal district is
13.48 percent of total urban population. Average literacy rate in Koppal district as
per census 2011 is 78.03percent of which males and females are 85.48percent and
70.59 percent literates respectively. In actual number 158,084 people are literate in
urban region of which males and females are 86,515 and 71,569 respectively.
4.53 District Rural Population 2011:
As per 2011 census, 83.19 percent population of Koppal districts lives in rural
areas of villages. The total Koppal district population living in rural areas is
1,156,216 of which males and females are 582,958 and 573,258 respectively. In rural
areas of Koppal district, sex ratio is 983 females per 1000 males. If child sex ratio
data of Koppal district is considered, figure is 955 girls per 1000 boys. Child
population in the age 0-6 is 170,550 in rural areas of which males were 87,254 and
females were 83,296.
The child population comprises 14.97percent of total rural population of
Koppal district. Literacy rate in rural areas of Koppal district is 66.05percent as per
census data 2011. Gender wise, male and female literacy stood at 77.12 and 54.85
percent respectively. In total, 651,001 people were literate of which males and
females were 382,270 and 268,731 respectively.
234
Table-4.61
Literacy rate of Scheduled Tribe in Koppal District
(As per 2011 census)
District Person Male Female
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Koppal 60.96 60.29 69.45 72.08 71.62 78.20 49.69 48.76 61.10
Karnataka 62.08 58.99 74.82 71.14 68.54 81.88 52.98 49.39 67.75
Source: Census data 2011
The above table indicates the total literacy rate of Scheduled Tribes in the
district as per 2011 census maximum literacy is found in urban areas and
comparatively less in rural. Female literacy rate is very less when compared with
men in the district, the total male literacy rate of the district is 72.08 percent and
female 48.69 percent only overall literacy rate of STs in the district is 60.96 percent.
Table-4.62
Literacy rate of Scheduled Caste in Koppal District
District Person Male Female
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Koppal 59.75 58.32 68.43 70.65 69.48 77.93 48.95 47.21 59.35
Karnataka 65.33 60.44 77.43 74.03 69.98 84.08 56.58 50.82 70.76
Source: Census data 2011, GOI.
The above table indicates the total literacy rate of Scheduled Tribes in the
district as per 2011 census maximum literacy is found in urban areas and
comparatively less in rural. Female literacy rate is very less when compared with
men in the district, the total male literacy rate of the district is 70.65 percent and
female 48.69 percent only overall literacy rate of SCs in the district is59.75 percent.
235
4.54 Bellary:
4.55 Introduction:
Bellary district takes its name from the word Balari which refers to goddess
Durugamma as this goddess had marijested herself in the town. Some of the events in
the great epic Ramayana are related to this historical place. It is said that Rama while
searching for Sita met Sugreeva and Hanuman at a place which is very near to
Hampi, the celebrated capital of Vijayanagara kingdom. The history speaks volumes
about significant role it acquired during Satavahanas, Kadambas, Chalukyas of
Kalyana, Kalachuryas, Sevunas and Hoysalas period. There upon the Vijayanagara
rulers built the “City of Victory “on the bank of Tungabhadra River at Hampi in
Hospet Taluk. This area which had witnessed the prosperity to its peak fell into
political turmoil after the fall of Vijayanagara in 1565. This district was transferred to
the erstwhile Mysore State on 1st October 1953 from Madras State. With the re-
organization of the districts during 1997, the number of taluks is reduced to 7. The
Harapanahalli taluk has been transferred to Davanagere district.
Bellary district is spread from South-West to North-East and is situated on the
eastern side of Karnataka State. The district is situated between 14o 30‟ and 15
o 50‟
north latitude and 75o 40‟ and 77
o 11‟ east longitude. This district is bounded by
Raichur district on the north by Dharwad district on the west, Chitradurga and
Davangere districts on the south and Anantapur, Kurnool districts of Andhra Pradesh
on east. It comes under the administrative control of Gulbarga division and
development jurisdiction of H.K.D.B, Gulbarga. Bellary district is rich in natural
resources which need to be tapped to a great extent for overall development of the
district. This district is endowed with rich mineral resources. It has both metallic and
non-metallic minerals. The metallic minerals include Iron ore, Manganese Ore,
Redoxide, Gold, Copper and Lead. The non-metallic minerals include Andalusite,
Asbestos, Corundum, Chay, Delomite, Limestone, Limekankan, Moulding sand,
quartz., soap stone, granite and red ochre. The metallic minerals are abundant is only
236
three taluks viz., Sandur, Hospet and Bellary in the order of mining activity intensity.
The annual production of Iron ore is anywhere between 2.75 to 4.5 million tonnes
and manganese ore between 0.13 million tonnes to 0.3 million tons (1991). Despite
the availability of minerals in large quantities, this district is considered to be an
industrially backward district. There are 23 units of large and medium scale
industries in this district with an investment of Rs.447.76 cores employing around
9,222 persons at present it occupies ninth place in the state. However with the
commissioning of Jindal Vijayanagar Steel Limited at Sandur the industry scenario
of this district will be undergoing sea changes. It is understood that Mukund Steels
and Kalyani Steels have plans to start industries in this area. The inflow of
investment into these industries would be around Rs.30, 000 Crores. The district will
therefore come under heavy pressure on basic infrastructure such as power,
communication, health, education and police stations which again invite heavy
investment to create the needed infrastructure. Urgent action is needed to pool the
resources under various sectors such as District Sector, State sector, Border Area
Development, HKDB etc., and prepare a perspective plan to the emerging challenges.
It has already drawn the attention of social scientists economists, administrators and
other related functionaries to think over the possible positive and negative impact in
this area.
4.56 Literacy:
“Education is the passport to accelerated economic growth. It is the key to
building human capital and human capital is the vital ingredient in building a nation"
-Mahboob Ul Haq and Khadija Haq Human Development in South Asia 1988. The
GOK spends 32percent of SDP on education. In Bellary District 42percent of Plan
and non-plan expenditure is incurred towards salary component alone. Apart from
this, expenditure is also incurred towards building up of infrastructure facilities in
educational institutions. All this did not have the desired impact on the literacy
237
attainments in the district causing serious concern. The education index 1991 stands
at 0.516 (16th
rank among erstwhile 20 districts) as against the state average of 0.596.
This is a DPEP district. Literacy in general plays a vital role in the overall
development of any society. The literacy rate as per 2011 census was 61.81 percent
continuing education programme project of Rs. 650.00 lakh has been submitted to the
Govt. of India for approval. The pupil teacher ratio works out at 1:51 at Primary
School level as against the existing norms of 1:40.In the context of massive
industrialization taking place in this district education sector assumes more
significant role. The present infrastructure is just inadequate to meet the demand
created by the new industries for technical, skilled and semi-skilled man power.
While highly technical posts are filled up at open competition, preference is given to
locals only in the lower cadre posts. These posts demand certain basic technical
knowledge for which the present educational institutions needs to be increased and
upgraded.
4.57 Health:
"Health is Wealth” Healthy people make healthy nation. As per the health
index 1991 Bellary district stands at 20th
place among erstwhile 20 districts. It is
0.589 as against the state average of 0.618. The health index indicates health status
based on life expectancy at birth. The health infrastructure is rapidly expanding in the
district through externally aided projects. But it must be ensured the quality of health
services at all levels is effective and infrastructure provided at high cost is functional.
The EAPs under implementation in the district are as under:
4.58 Infrastructure:
Roads:
“It is not our wealth which builds our roads but roads which build our wealth"-
John F. Kennedy Roads indicate civilization of a nation. They are means to
238
prosperity, progress and well being of any country. Rural roads may be defined as
those roads which connects villages. During 5th
five year plan constructions of road
was made a component of minimum needs programme. The working group on road
for 9th
five year plan has estimated that an amount of Rs.14040/- crores would be
required for the construction of rural roads to cover 85percent of village population.
However Rs.10540 Crores has been proposed for the 9th
plan. The road
Infrastructure plays an important role in development of any area.
Bellary has a very poor road Infrastructure. The natural calamity in the form
of excessive rains during the current year has made the conditions worse. The
massive industrialization need better road transport which in turn demands for mutli-
lane roads. Except N.H.No.13 which passes through the district for a distance of 90
Km; there is no adequate net work of national and State Highways. Recently
N.H.No.63 has been sanctioned between Ankola and Goothi of Andhra Pradesh
which passes through the district for 90 Km. NABARD assistance is sought for
formation and maintenance of roads in this district.
Housing:
The Govt. of has been implementing various rural development programmes
in order to improve the living conditions of rural folk. There is a substantial increase
in the outlay for these programmes in eighth and ninth five year plans. “Shelter for
all" appears to be a distant dream because of its colossal dimensions with a huge
backlog over the period and rapidly growing population. Shelter is an indication of an
individual‟s existence, dignity and security. It is estimated that housing shortage is
more than 410 lakh units out of which shortage in rural areas is more than 265 lakh
units. Besides 125 lakh rural houses need up gradation to make them livable.
The National Housing Policy of 1994 clearly envisages the difference between
rural and urban housing. The Government role is now to act as a facilitator rather
than a provider. The strategy under this major economic sector is ensuring people‟s
239
participation in the construction of houses, encouragement to use low cost technology
and cost effective material, involvement of NGOs and Nirmithi Kendras in a big way
and assuring land and technical rights by enactment of laws.
Table-4.63
Area and Population of Bellary District Name of
the Taluk Geograp
hical area
(Sq.kms)
2001
census
2011 Census population Total No. of House holds
Total Male Female Urban Rural Total
Decadal
growth
rate
in % 2011
Bellary 1689 770929 387744 383185 86493 69588 156081 23.25
Hadagli 948 195219 98853 96366 5648 330088 38656 16.12
Hagaribom
manahalli 974 188238 95337 92901 0 36616 36616 17.73
Hospet 904 459991 229338 230653 57626 36564 94190 22.68
Kudligi 1619 308901 157402 151499 10682 48646 59328 13.49
Sandur 1152 260213 134034 126179 17743 34324 52067 36.12
Sirguppa 1036 269104 134246 134858 15668 36512 52180 14.34
Dist.Total 8450 2452595 1236954 1215641 193860 295258 489118 20.99
2001 data 8450 2027140 1029714 997426 135255 237779 373034 22.4
Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census
The above table shows the area and population of the district including all the taluks
the decadal growth rate of the district highest growth rate is found in Sandur taluk
and very less in Sirguppa taluk.
240
Table-4.64
Area and Population of SC (Urban & Rural) in Bellary District
Taluk Scheduled Caste Urban Scheduled Caste Rural Percentage
of Sc
population
to total
population
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Bellary 31382 31719 63101 37952 37926 75878 18.03
Hadagli 1952 2016 3968 25235 24690 49925 27.61
Hagaribom
manahalli
0 0 0 23132 23074 46206 24.55
Hospet 24377 25257 49634 27600 27668 55268 22.81
Kudligi 4860 4838 9698 30322 29360 59682 22.46
Sandur 5347 5251 10598 17918 17895 35813 17.84
Sirguppa 7114 7280 14394 21391 21853 43244 21.42
Dist.Total 75032 76361 151393 183550 182466 366016 21.10
2001census 52470 51105 103575 136066 134577 270643 18.46 Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census
The above table shows the Scheduled caste population of Bellary district,
according to census data 2011, percentage of SC population to total population of the
district is as follows Hadagli is having highest percentage of SC‟s in the district and
Sandur is having very less percentage of SC‟s in the district.
Table-4.65
Area and Population of ST (Urban & Rural) in Bellary District
Name of
the Taluk
Scheduled Tribes
Urban
Scheduled Tribes
Rural
Percentage
of Sc
population
to total
population
Male Female Total Male Female Total
Bellary 21582 22043 43625 44180 44361 88541 17.14
Hadagli 848 855 1703 6505 6412 12917 7.49
Hagaribom
manahalli
0 0 0 12785 12442 25227 13.40
Hospet 18101 19177 37278 18749 19042 37791 16.32
Kudligi 5240 5508 10748 38197 37132 75329 27.87
Sandur 6181 5882 12063 28260 27866 56126 26.21
Sirguppa 5846 6012 11858 18977 19223 38200 18.60
Dist.Total 57798 59477 117275 167653 166478 334131 18.41
2001census 41649 83311 83311 142013 139314 281327 17.99 Source: 2001 census & 2011 Provisional census.
241
The above table shows the overall Scheduled tribes population of the district Kudligi
taluks has highest percent of ST population and Hadagli with less population.
Maximum numbers of people are living in rural areas of the district.
Table-4.66
Literacy of Bellary District
Name of
the taluk
Literacy
(In percentage)
Rural Urban Total
Male Female Total Male Female Total Male Female Total
Bellary 68.71 45.70 57.28 84.87 71.85 78.38 77.38 59.78 68.61
Hadagli 80.01 60.17 70.22 82.56 71.75 77.17 80.38 61.86 71.23
H.B.Halli 79.45 59.89 69.77 --- --- --- 79.45 59.89 69.77
Hospet 69.97 49.56 59.75 84.32 70.26 72.22 78.49 61.93 70.16
Kudligi 76.62 56.59 66.82 87.21 74.11 80.69 78.43 59.68 69.23
Sandur 72.61 50.84 61.88 85.15 69.36 77.84 76.63 56.32 66.81
Sirguppa 61.77 38.39 50.00 70.21 52.03 61.08 64.26 42.40 53.26
Dist.Total 72.42 51.02 61.81 83.58 69.62 76.63 76.64 58.09 67.43
2001
census
63.50 36.80 50.30 79.40 60.70 70.20 69.20 45.30 57.40
Source: Census 2011
The above table represents the literacy rate of the district highest literacy rate
is found in Hadagli and Hospet taluks of the district very less in Sirguppa taluks and
in urban are the literacy rate more and less in rural areas of the district and the
literacy rate of men is comparately better to womens.
242
Table-4.67
Literacy rate of Scheduled Tribe in Bellary District
Source: Census data 2011
The table indicates the literacy rate of Bellary when compared with Karnataka
Bellary‟s literacy rate is 66.30 percent and Karnataka with 71.14 percent
Table-4.68
Literacy rate of Scheduled Caste in Bellary District
District Person Male Female
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Bellary 58.60 54.57 68.10 69.37 66.08 77.21 47.89 43.03 59.19
Karnataka 65.33 60.44 77.43 74.03 69.98 84.08 56.58 50.82 70.76
Source: Census data 2011
The above table represents the literacy rate of Scheduled castes of Bellary
68.10 percent of people are literate when compared with Karnataka its literacy rate is
77.43 percent this shows that very less number of people who belong to SC groups
are literate.
District Person Male Female
Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban Total Rural Urban
Bellary 55.86 53.26 63.21 66.30 64.13 72.54 45.50 42.35 54.23
Karnataka 62.08 58.99 74.82 71.14 68.54 81.88 52.98 49.39 67.75
243
Table-4.69
Area of principal crop in Bellary District
Source: District at a glance
The above table represents the total production of principal crops in the
district, maximum paddy is produced in Sirguppa and Bellary taluk respectively
maximum Jowar is produced in Bellary taluk when compared with other taluks of the
district, Bajra is produced more in Kudligi taluk Hadagli Hagaribommanahalli
produced maximum Maize, Raagi amd wheat produced less in the district.
Taluks Cereals area (Hectare)
Paddy Jowar Bajra Maize Raagi Wheat Other
minor
millets
Total
cereals
&
minor
millets
Bellary 36334 16104 630 6186 4 2 799 60059
Hadagli 7113 7237 3087 30364 595 285 262 48943
Hagaribom
manahalli 2763 2173 7958 23647 182 202 222 37147
Hospet 19064 1992 1560 9184 16 0 304 32120
Kudligi 237 4113 4142 21820 2214 16 373 32915
Sandur 1586 1059 2675 16904 1214 5 346 23789
Sirguppa 42051 5318 845 1012 10 66 586 49888
District total 109148 37996 20897 109117 4235 576 2892 284861
2012 116169 42185 16348 103650 3742 653 2815 285562
244
Table-4.70
Physical Progress under MGNREGS in Bellary District
Source: Zilla panchayat Bellary 2011-12
The above table shows the progress under MGNREGS in the district.
Maximum number of job cards issued in Bellary and Kudaligi taluks where
maximum job cards issued and the number of persons worked under MGNREGS is
also more in these taluks respectively. families availed 100 days of employment is
less in Bellary, Sirguppa, Sandur, Hospet taluks more maximum utilization is in
Hagaribommanahalli, and kudaligi taluks respectively.
Taluks Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment
Guarantee Scheme
Job cards
issued
Household
demanded
employment
No.of
persons/Households
worked under
MGNREGS
No.of
families
availing 100
days of
employment
Bellary 57134 5805 5465 71
Hadagli 27844 5167 4384 227
Hagaribommana
halli
23489 4263 3888 428
Hospet 26482 3912 3737 159
Kudligi 41778 5381 4462 204
Sandur 27716 4050 3809 125
Sirguppa 27990 5398 5324 123
Dist.Total 232433 33976 31069 1337
Figures 2011-12 234483 28411 28261 972
245
Table-4.71
Marginal Agri.Land holders (Below 1 Ha) (SC) in Bellary District
Source: Zilla panchayat bellary-2011-12
The above table shows the marginal agricultural land holdings (less than 1 Ha)
by Scheduled castes in the district, it is found that majority of land holders with less
than 1 Ha of land is in Bellary and Hadagli and less in Sandur and Kudalgi taluks
respectively.
Table-4.72
Marginal Agri.Land holders (Below 1 Ha) (ST) in Bellary District
Source: District at a Glance
Sl.
No
Name of the Taluk Number Area
Male Female Total Male Female Total
1 Bellary 1789 989 2778 1061 600 1662
2 Hadagli 1990 635 2625 1226 421 1648
3 Hagaribommanahalli 1275 674 1949 742 412 1154
4 Hospet 2313 713 3026 1091 358 1449
5 Kudligi 1827 335 2162 926 189 1115
6 Sandur 999 279 1278 462 153 615
7 Sirguppa 1751 762 2513 914 419 1333
Dist.Total 11944 4387 106331 6423 2553 8976
2011-12 11242 4293 15535 5958 2448 8406
Sl.
No
Name of the Taluk Number Area
Male Female Total Male Female Total
1 Bellary 3041 1112 4153 1668 628 2295
2 Hadagli 749 276 1025 385 142 528
3 Hagaribommanahalli 839 467 1306 438 279 717
4 Hospet 2426 961 3387 1096 429 1524
5 Kudligi 2690 571 2961 1135 285 1420
6 Sandur 1946 392 2338 980 207 1188
7 Sirguppa 2298 760 3058 1196 426 1621
Dist.Total 13689 4539 18228 6897 2396 9293
2011-12 12593 4061 16654 6409 2221 8630
246
The above table shows the marginal agricultural land holdings less than 1
Hectare by Scheduled Tribe in the district, it is found that majority of land holders
with less than 1 Hectare of land is in Bellary and Sirguppa, which is found less in
Hadagli and Hagaribommanahalli taluks respectively.
Table-4.73
Marginal Agri. Land holders (Others) (Below 1 Ha) in Bellary District
Source: District at a Glance
The above table shows the marginal agricultural land holdings less than 1 Ha
by other castes in the district, it is found that majority of land holders with less than
1Hectare of land is found in Bellary, Hospet and less in Sandur,Hagaribommanahalli
taluks respectively.
Table-4.74
Indira Awas Houses in Bellary District
Taluk SC ST OBC Others Total
Bellary 15 31 15 32 93
Hadagli 8 32 18 58 116
Hagaribommanahalli 27 40 10 40 117
Hospet 102 70 38 85 295
Kudligi 58 102 13 49 222
Sandur 10 5 3 7 25
Sirguppa 23 29 14 45 111
Dist.Total 243 309 111 316 979
2011-12 89 102 52 64 307 Source: Zilla panchayat Bellary-2011-12.
Sl.
No
Name of the Taluk Number Area
Male Female Total Male Female Total
1 Bellary 10965 4439 15404 6363 2522 8885
2 Hadagli 6367 2017 8354 4255 1040 5295
3 Hagaribommanahalli 5086 1932 7018 3074 1054 4128
4 Hospet 9371 3479 12850 5223 1656 6879
5 Kudligi 6566 1709 8275 3985 813 4798
6 Sandur 5299 1312 6611 2900 614 3514
7 Sirguppa 7999 3673 11672 4914 1866 6780
Dist.Total 51653 18561 70214 30713 9565 40279
2011-12 49429 14152 63581 24723 7705 32428
247
The above table indicates the housing details of the district houses constructed
under Indira awas scheme is comparatively maximum in Hospet & very less in
Sandur taluk average in other taluks of the district. Total number of houses
constructed for Scheduled Tribes is more when compared to other castes of the
district.
Table-4.75
Houses constructed under Dr.B.R.Ambedkar Scheme in Bellary District
Source: Zilla panchayat Bellary.
The houses constructed under Dr. Ambedkar scheme in the district, a total of
818 houses constructed in the district in which 466 houses for Scheduled castes and
only 352 houses for Scheduled tribes.
4.59 Special status to Hyderabad Karnataka region -Article-371(j):
Three-decade struggle to seek special status for six Karnataka districts ended
when Lok Sabha passed the Constitution 118th
Amendment Bill, 2012. A special
status was granted to “the Karnataka-Hyderabad region comprising Bidar, Bellary,
Gulbarga, Koppal, Raichur and Yadgir districts. The seven districts in the north-east
region of the state were part of the erstwhile Hyderabad state under the Nizams till
1948 and were subsequently merged with the then Mysore state in 1956 under the
reorganization of states on linguistic basis. The bill enables the President to empower
Sl.
No
Name of the Taluk Houses constructed under Dr.B.R.Ambedkar
Scheme
SC ST OBC Others Total
1 Bellary 64 68 0 0 132
2 Hadagli 81 34 0 0 115
3 Hagaribommanahalli 62 48 0 0 110
4 Hospet 47 34 0 0 81
5 Kudligi 101 43 0 0 144
6 Sandur 31 57 0 0 88
7 Sirguppa 80 68 0 0 148
Dist.Total 466 352 0 0 818
248
the governor to establish a separate development board for the Hyderabad- Karnataka
region with the provision that a report on its working would be placed each year
before the provincial assembly. Article 371j will help in development of Hyderabad-
Karnataka region. Major benefits under Article include direct recruitment to posts in
any local cadre under the state government for candidates of these regions. Regarding
admission to any university or other educational institutions, preference will be given
to local candidates, who have resided or studied in those regions for a specific period
under Article 371J of the Constitution. President Pranab Mukherjee on 23 October
2013 issued an order, allowing the Karnataka Governor to establish a separate
development board for the Hyderabad-Karnataka region under Article 371 J of the
Constitution.
The region comprises Gulbarga, Bidar, Raichur, Koppal, Yadgir and Bellary
districts. The cabinet sub-committee is constituted under the chairmanship of Present
Rural Development and Panchayat raj (RDPR) minister H.K Patil who fought for the
regional development right from early 1990‟s has already held two meetings last
week in this regard and has held marathon discussions with legislators and MPs
representing six backward districts that will benefit by the special status- Bidar,
Gulbarga, Koppal, Yadgir, Raichur and Bellary.
Karnataka had been lobbying with the Centre for special status to the
Hyderabad-Karnataka region (northeast part of the state), the second largest arid
region in the country, for more than four decades. Fulfilling the long demand of the
people of the region, the Bill to amend the Constitution to provide a special status to
the Hyderabad-Karnataka region, under a new Article 371(J), was introduced in the
Parliament in 2012 and was also passed by both the Houses. Benefits of the status:
Once notified by the Centre, the region will get more central funds for development
and will be on par with the Telangana region of Andhra Pradesh. Besides, there will
be reservation in jobs and education for the locals.
249
The objective is to provide special provisions aiming to establish an
institutional mechanism for equitable allocation of funds to meet development needs
of this region and to enhance human resources and promote employment by
providing for local cadres in service and reservation in educational and vocational
training institutions. There is also a provision to establish a regional council under the
special status. Karnataka is the third state to have a special status in the country after
Maharashtra (Marathwada and Vidarbha) and AP (Telangana).
The districts of Gulbarga, Yadgir, Raichur, Koppal, Bellary and Bidar are
among the most backward regions of the country with Human Development Indices
(HDI) below the sub-Saharan levels. The soil fertility in the region is extremely poor
when compared with other districts of the state and consequently, agricultural
productivity is less. In fact the peoples‟ movement for regional development has
really brought happiness amongst the people of Hyderabad Karnataka. The people‟s
movement has really strengthened the democratic set up.
4.60 118th
Constitutional Amendment Bill, 2012:
It seeks to amend Article 371of the Constitution of India,to insert a new article
371(J).
4.61 Article 371:
Falls under Part 21 of Indian Constitution (Temporary, Transitional and
Special Provisions). Article 371 and its sub-articles; deal with special provisions for
Assam, Nagaland, Gujarat, Maharashtra etc. Usually, they are about establishing
special Development board for the particular backward regions to grant more funds,
and/or reservation in local Government jobs-colleges etc. For example Article
371 (D), Telengana region has a provision of local cadres for reservation in direct
recruitment and admission to educational institutions and setting up of an
administrative tribunal. (Domicile requirement/„sons of soil’ policy in education and
employment).
250
4.62 Article 371(J):
It will grant special status to six backward districts of Hyderabad-Karnataka
region to establish a separate development board; this board will see that sufficient
funds are allocated for development of the region, local reservation in education and
Government-jobs (domicile requirement.)
4.63 Conclusion:
In the state of Karnataka the Hyderabad Karnataka region is very backward.
The above profile provides detailed information about all the districts of this region
such as General information, Geographical area, population, literacy rate, housing
details, all the resources found in the region in general and about Scheduled castes
and Scheduled tribes in particular. We hope that the Inception of article 371(j) shall
provide all the necessary facilities to improve the socio-economic condition of this
region in general and especially for dalits who are very much backward.
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