chapter outline chapter 20: asian and middle eastern empires & nations, 1650-1815 ©2006,...

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present

Chapter Outline

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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I. The Ottomans in the Early Modern EraII. Muslim Politics in PersiaIII. Early Modern India under the MughalsIV. The Qing Dynasty before the Opium WarV. Korea in the 17th and 18th CenturiesVI. Early Modern Japan: The Tokugawa PeriodVII. Southeast Asia: Political and Cultural InteractionsVIII. Europeans on New Pacific Frontiers

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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I. The Ottomans in the Early Modern Era

A. Reorganization and ReformRebellions

> deposition of Osman II, 1622Timars become hereditary

B. The Age of the Köprülü VizirsMehmed IV, 1648, becomes sultan

rivalries of Turhan Sultan and Kösem

struggles between ulama and Sufis

LepantoMehmet Köprülü (1586-1661)

vizirreforms

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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I. The Ottomans in the Early Modern Era

C. The Tulip PeriodAhmed III (1703-30)

1718, Ibrahim Pasha becomes vizirinfluential

European influenceTurkish language press

founded by Ibrahim Müteferrika, 1720

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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I. The Ottomans in the Early Modern Era

D. Eighteenth-Century War, Relations and Reform

Mahmud I (r. 1730-54)Comte de Bonneval

Mustafa III (r. 1757-74)Baron de Tott

Abdül-hamid I (r. 1774-89)Treaty of Küchük KaynarcaCrimea to Russia

Wahhabi movementMuhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab

(1703-92)seize Mecca, 1803

join with Sa'ud family

E. The Reforms of Selim IIISelim III (1789-1807)

modernization of army, navydeposed by janissaries, 1807

> Mahmud II (1807-39)

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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II. Muslim Politics in Persia

Safavid Empire1723, ended by Afghan

invasion

Nadir Khan 1736, Shahassassinated

Karim Khan Zand (1750-79)successors until 1794

Qajar Dynasty (1794-1924)

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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III. Early Modern India under the Mughals

Aurangzeb (1658-1707)Islamic orthodoxyattacks Hindu institutions

reimposes jizyaMarathas

opposition

death of Aurangzeb> civil war

Muhammad Shah (1719-48)fragmentation1739, Nadir Shah loots Delhi1747, Afghans chose Ahmad Khan

(1747-73)Durr-i Durran ("Pearl of Pearls")

sacks Delhi, 1756defeats Marathas

Maratha ConfederacyShivaji BhonsleHindu

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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III. Early Modern India under the Mughals

A. The Europeans in IndiaDutchBritish - East India Company

Mercantilismcloth production

East India Company increasingly assertive

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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IV. The Qing Dynasty before the Opium War

1644-c. 1820 - China prospersby 1820, China 33% of world's GDP

Manchushelp Ming put down Li Zicheng

Nurhachi (1559-1616)builds Manchu stateManchuria, north of Great Wall

Hong Taiji, son of NurhachiQing dynasty

A. Manchu Imperial RuleEmperor Shunzhi (1644-61)

successor Kangxidefeats Ming opposition

Kangxi (1662-1722)

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Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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IV. The Qing Dynasty before the Opium War

B. Society and Culture

Yuan Mei (1716-97)Wu Jingzi (1701-54)

The ScholarsCao Xueqin (1715-65)

The Dream of the Red Chamber

C. ChallengesHeshen

favorite of Qianlongcorrupt, robbing

> White Lotus movement1796-1804social equalitydeliverance by Maitreya

Tribute systemregulation of foreign tradeBritain sells opium for tea

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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V. Korea in the 17th and 18th Centuries

Chosǒn Dynastystrengthens military

King Yǒngjo (1724-76)and grandson, King Chǒngjo (1776-

1800)welfare, taxes

Kim Hongdo (b. 1745), Shin Yunbok (b. 1758)

Han'gul usedYangban scholars

Yu Hyǒngwǒnfollower of Zhu Xi

silhak - "practical learning"influenced by Western thinking

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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VI. Early Modern Japan: The Tokugawa Period

Status Groups:samurai, farmer, artisan,

merchant

ShǒgunsAlternate attendance system

attendance on Shǒguns at Edo

A. The Tokugawa and the World

attempt to keep out Christianity> closed-doors to Westerners

avoid Chinese tribute systembut open to China c. 1700

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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VI. Early Modern Japan: The Tokugawa Period

B. Economic Growth and Social Change

Self-governance

growth of townsFamines, 1730's, 1780's

> reformsShǒgun Yoshimune (1716-45)

cuts expenses, etc.Tanuma Okitsugu (1719-1788)

economic reforms

C. Early Modern Scholarship and Ideology

Zhu Xi Confucianismblended with Shintǒ

Hayashi Raxan (1583-1657)Yamazaki Ansai (1618-82)

Bushidǒ - "way of the warrior"

Study of Japan's pastNotoori Norinaga (1730-1801)

studies Tale of Genji

"Dutch Learning"translations of Western works

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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VI. Early Modern Japan: The Tokugawa Period

D. Culture and Society

The "Floating World"art for mass consumption

Matsuo Bashǒ(1644-1694)haikuNarrow Road to the North

Ihara Saikaku (1642-93)Life of an Amorous Man, 1682Life of an Amorous Woman,

1686The Eternal Storehouse of

Japan, 1688Worldly Mental Calculations,

1682

Chikamatsu Monzaemon (1653-1724)

Hishikawa Moronobu (1620?-94)

Katsushika Hokusai (1760-1849)

Andō Hiroshige (1797-1858)

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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VII. Southeast Asia: Political and Cultural Interactions

A. Europeans

Dutch

control Indonesia, Malacca

dictate crops

French

Alexhandre de Rhodes

missionary activity in Vietnam

pushed our of Thailand, 1688

Spanish

from 1521, Magellan

Philippines

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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VII. Southeast Asia: Political and Cultural Interactions

B. ConflictAlaungpaya, Burmese leder

1752, drives Mons from captital1760, destroys Ayuthaya

Qing threaten Burma

Thailand1782, General Chakri becomes

kingunites Thailand

restoration after Burmese attacks

IndonesiaDutch Control

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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VII. Southeast Asia: Political and Cultural Interactions

VietnamLe Dynasty, founded 1428South, Nguyen dynasty rules

by 1720, Cambodia, Saigon, Phnom Penh

Tay Son Uprising, 1771Qing support Le familyFrench support Nguyen Anh

gain foothold

Nguyen Anhbecomes Emperor Gia Long, 1902build infrastructure

Brummett, et al, Civilization, Past & Present, Part One; Classical Origins

Chapter 20: Asian and Middle Eastern Empires & Nations, 1650-1815

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VIII. Europeans on New Pacific Frontiers

A. Russians1632, Yakutsk, Eastern Siberia

1728, Vitus BeringDanishBering strait

Okhotsk

B. Explorations` Louis de Bougainville

Sandwich Islands (Hawaii)Australia, New Guinea, New Britai

James CookAntartica, Arctic

C. ImpactKamehameha

1790, unites three main Hawaiian islands

East Asian commerce transformed