chapter preview 4.1 introduction to atoms 4.2 organizing the elements 4.3 metals

Chapter Preview

4.1 Introduction to Atoms

4.2 Organizing the Elements

4.3 Metals

4.4 Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals

4.5 Radioactive Elements

Table of ContentsChapter Preview

4.1 Introduction to Atoms

4.2 Organizing the Elements

4.3 Metals

4.4 Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals

4.5 Radioactive Elements

Section 3:Metals

What are the physical properties of metals?

Section 3:Metals

What are the physical properties of metals?

The physical properties of metals include luster, malleability, ductility, and conductivity.

Metals are:Good conductors of electric current (electrical

conductivity) Good conductors of heat (thermal conductivity)Shiny (luster)Reactive – easily reacts with other substances

Corrosion – the gradual wearing away of a metal due to a chemical reation

Bendable Malleable – hammered or rolled into flat sheets or

other shapesDuctile – can be pulled out, or drawn, into a long

wireThe largest group in the periodic table

Section 3:Metals

How does the reactivity of metals change across the periodic table?

Section 3:Metals

How does the reactivity of metals change across the periodic table?The reactivity of metals tends to decrease as you move from left to right across the periodic table.

Metals in the Periodic TableThe metals in Group 1, from lithium to

francium, are called the alkali metals. Alkali metals react with atoms of other elements by losing one electron.

Metals in the Periodic TableGroup 2 of the periodic table contains the

alkaline earth metals. These elements are not as reactive as the metals in Group 1, but they are more reactive than most other metals.

Metals in the Periodic TableThe transition metals are less reactive

than the metals in Groups 1 and 2.

Metals in the Periodic TableOnly some of the elements in Groups 13

through 15 of the periodic table are metals.

Metals in the Periodic TableLanthanides are usually found together in

nature, always combined with other elements.

Metals in the Periodic TableThe elements below the lanthanides are

called actinides. Many of these elements are so unstable that they last for only a fraction of a second after they are made.

Section 3: Metals

How are synthetic elements produced?

Section 3: Metals

How are synthetic elements produced?

Scientists make synthetic elements by forcing nuclear particles to crash into one another.

Section 4:Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals

What are the properties of nonmetals and inert gases?

Section 4:Nonmetals, Inert Gases, and Semimetals

What are the properties of nonmetals and inert gases?

Most nonmetals are poor conductors of electric current and heat. Solid nonmetals are dull and brittle.

Properties of NonmetalsWhen nonmetals and metals react,

electrons move from the metal atoms to the nonmetal atoms.

Nonmetal – is an element that lacks most of the properties of a metal

Diatomic molecule – a molecule that consists of two atoms (N2).

Halogen – Group 17 (contains fluorine, chlorine, bromine, iodine, and astatine); “salt forming”

Inert gas – do not ordinarily form compoundsSemimetal – have some properties of metals but

also have pr0perties that are typical of nonmetals.

Semiconductor – substances that can conduct electric current under some conditions but not under other conditions.

Families of NonmetalsEach element in the carbon family

has atoms that can gain, lose, or share four electrons when reacting with other elements.

Families of NonmetalsGroup 15, the nitrogen family, contains two

nonmetals: nitrogen and phosphorus. These non-metals usually gain or share three electrons when reacting with other elements.

Families of NonmetalsGroup 16, the oxygen family, contains three

nonmetals: oxygen, sulfur, and selenium. These elements usually gain or share two electrons when reacting with other elements.

Families of NonmetalsThe Group 17 elements, the halogens, are very

reactive. Atoms of these elements easily form compounds by sharing or gaining one electron when reacting with atoms of other elements.

Families of NonmetalsThe elements in Group 18 are the inert

gases. They do not ordinarily form compounds because atoms of inert gases do not usually gain, lose, or share electrons.

Families of NonmetalsBecause the chemical properties of

hydrogen differ very much from those of the other elements, it really cannot be grouped into a family.

SemimetalsHow are semimetals useful?

The most useful property of the semimetals is their varying ability to conduct electric current.

Click Here for a Video on Metalloids

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