chapter two ap review. 1. what was the main reason the spanish crown established the encomienda...

Chapter Two AP Review

1. What was the MAIN reason the Spanish Crown established the

encomienda system?

A. to reward settlers for bringing the Crown so much wealth

B. to entice settlers to convert the local people to Christianity

C. to give the settlers an incentive to practice slavery

D. to ensure that settlers’ land remained the property of the Crown

A. to reward settlers for bringing the Crown so much wealth

2. Who discovered the Western sea-route to Asia?

A. Amerigo Vespucci

B. Ferdinand Magellan

C. Vasco Núñez de Balboa

D. Giovanni da Verrazano

B. Ferdinand Magellan

3. Which Spanish conquistador led the attack on and the eventual

downfall of the Incan Empire?

A. Hernando de Soto

B. Francisco Pizarro

C. Juan Ponce de Léon

D. Álvar Núñez Cabeza de Vaca

B. Francisco Pizarro

4. Which of the following documents gave settlers permission to start a

colony?

A. a deed

B. a title

C. a lease

D. a charter

D. a charter

5. What were some of the negative outcomes of the Great Convergence?

A. The spread of Black Death along trade routes in North AfricaB. The discovery of a Northwest Passage from the Atlantic Ocean to the Pacific OceanC. The introduction of the feudal system to

the AmericasD. The spread of slavery and deadly diseases

to the Americas

D. The spread of slavery and deadly

diseases to the Americas

6. The Columbian Exchange had deadly effects, such as

A. bringing the bubonic plague and the Black Death to Florence.

B. spreading measles, smallpox, and typhus throughout Europe.

C. infecting American Indians with new and deadly diseases.

D. robbing American Indians of corn, tomatoes, tobacco, and cocoa.

C. infecting American Indians with new and deadly diseases.

7. Which of the following helped the Spanish MOST in defeating

the Inca?

A They attacked the people on horseback.

B They cut off supplies of food and water.

C They killed the Incan rulers.

D They burned the capital.

C. They killed the Incan rulers.

8. Spain’s actions against England’s Queen Elizabeth I showed that its

religious allegiance was to which of the following groups?

A. Catholic Church

B. Anglican Church

C. Huguenots.

D. Protestants

A. Catholic Church

9. Why did the Spanish begin shipping enslaved Africans to their colony known as New Spain in the

Americas after 1510?A. They knew they could resell the slaves at a profit.

B. They were forced to do so by a decree from the Spanish Crown.

C. They had exhausted the local population of American Indian slaves.

D. They started farming larger plantations and needed more workers.

C. They had exhausted the local population of American Indian

slaves.

10. What was the first settlement that the Vikings founded in the

North Atlantic?

A. Greenland

B. Newfoundland

C. Alaska

D. Iceland

D. Iceland

11. Who began a school of navigation to help teach sailors better methods of sailing, even though he

wasn’t really a sailor?A. Christopher Columbus

B. Prince Henry

C. King Ferdinand

D. Leif Eriksson

B. Prince Henry

12. Which of the following Vikings was leading an expedition to Greenland, but

ended up on the east coast of North America because they were blown

off course by strong winds?

A. Erik the Red

B. Leif Eriksson

C. Alaric the Terrible

D. Brett Favre

B. Leif Eriksson

13. Which Portuguese sailor led an expedition down the western coast of Africa, was blown off course and stopped at its very Southern tip in

1488?

A. Vasco da Gama

B. Christopher Columbus

C. Ferdinand Magellan

D. Bartolomeu Dias

D. Bartolomeu Dias

14. All of the following were promises that Christopher Columbus made to the king and queen when he asked them to finance his journeys west,

EXCEPT?

A. new territories

B. people to convert to Catholicism

C. people to be used as slaves

D. great riches

C. people to be used as slaves

15. Which of the following was the PRIMARY thing that Christopher

Columbus was trying to accomplish on his journeys west?

A. trying to reach the Hawaiian Islands by sailing West

B. trying to reach Asia by sailing West

C. trying to reach the Middle East by sailing West

D. trying to reach the America’s by sailing West

B. trying to reach Asia by sailing West

16. Pope Alexander VI drew up the Line of Demarcation in the Atlantic

Ocean to establish where which two of the countries below could claim new

lands

A. France and Italy

B. Britain and Germany

C. Spain and Portugal

D. Russia and India

C. Spain and Portugal

17. Since one of the two countries that were part of Pope Alexander VI ruling, known as the Line of

Demarcation, believed that they had received an unfair advantage in lands they could settle, these same nations agreed to which of the following treaties that moved the

line 800 miles further to the west?

A. The Treaty of Greenville

B. The Treaty of Guadeloupe Hidalgo

C. The Treaty of Tordesillas

D. The Treaty of San Juan Cordita

C. The Treaty of Tordesillas

18. Which of the following explorers led a Spanish fleet to the Eastern coast of South America and realized that Christopher Columbus had been

incorrect in his assumption about reaching Asia and instead had landed in new lands that would later

be known as the Americas?

A. Ferdinand Magellan

B. Amerigo Vespucci

C. Vasco da Gama

D. Alvar Nunez de Balboa

B. Amerigo Vespucci

19. Who was the Portuguese navigator that led the first expedition that eventually, ended up sailing all the way around the Earth by water?

A. Ferdinand Magellan

B. Christopher Columbus

C. Vasco da Gama

D. Hernando de Soto

A. Ferdinand Magellan

20. Which of the following refers to a transfer of goods, diseases, plants and animals from Europe to the Americas

and from the Americas to Europe?

A. African Diaspora

B. Triangular Trade

C. Berengia Pangea

D. Columbian Exchange

D. Columbian Exchange

21. Why did Montezuma and the Aztecs allow the Spanish soldiers led by Hernando Cortes to come into their

empire without fighting them?A. He was very large, with a powerful voice that scared them

B. They thought he was a god and their beliefs had predicted he would come

C. He had large cannons and guns that scared them

D. He threatened to have them burned at the stake if they didn’t let him in

B. They thought he was a god and their beliefs had predicted he

would come

22. All of the following were reasons why the Aztec and Inca were defeated by the Spanish

EXCEPT? A. Superior intelligence by the Spanish leaders

B. Spanish alliances were made with the enemies of the Aztec and Inca

C. Spanish wore steel armor and superior weapons such as guns

D. The bringing of European diseases such as smallpox that they were not immune to

A. Superior intelligence by the Spanish leaders

23. All of the following were effects of the Spanish victory over the Aztecs

and the Inca EXCEPT?

A. A reduced Native American population from battles and diseases

B. The transfer of goods known as the Columbian Exchange

C. Greater respect for the Aztecs and the Inca since they had put up such a great fight

D. The Spanish rule of the Americas for years to come

C. Greater respect for the Aztecs and the Inca since they had put

up such a great fight

24. Who was the Spanish explorer that founded the area of Florida and then spent many years searching for

the mythical Fountain of Youth? A. Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca

B. Hernando de Soto

C. Christopher Columbus

D. Juan Ponce de Leon

D. Juan Ponce de Leon

25. Approximately, how many tons of gold and silver did the Spanish fleets

leave the Americas with, robbing Native Americans of millions upon millions of

dollars?

A. 50 tons of gold and 7000 tons of silver

B. 75 tons of gold and 12,800 tons of silver

C. 150 tons of gold and 15,400 tons of silver

D. 200 tons of gold and 18,600 tons of silver

D. 200 tons of gold and 18,600 tons of silver

26. What are large farms that grow primarily just one kind of

crop for profit called?

A. Plantation

B. Estate

C. Ranch

D. Abomination

A. Plantation

27. All of the following were types of jobs that Native Americans did on the

large Spanish farms EXCEPT?

A. working in the fields

B. raising and herding livestock

C. working in the gold and silver mines

D. training people how to ride horses

D. training people how to ride horses

28. Which of the following religions had the most influence on the relationships between Native

American and Spanish settlers?A. Catholic

B. Baptist

C. Methodist

D. Mormon

A. Catholic

29. Who was the German monk that criticized the Catholic Church in 1517

starting a movement to correct problems in the Church?

A. St. Francis of Assisi

B. Martin Luther

C. Thomas of Aquinas

D. Pope Alexander VI

B. Martin Luther

30. What was name of the religious movement that began in small

German towns, but quickly spread to most of Europe?

A. Crusades

B. Great Awakening

C. Renaissance

D. Reformation

D. Reformation

31. Which of the following inventions, allowed for books to be copied by machine, instead of by hand and allowed many more books to be

produced, thus helping the spread of ideas?

A. Telegraph

B. Astrolabe

C. Caravel

D. Printing Press

D. Printing Press

32. Who was the Queen of England that authorized the use of Sea Dogs

to attack Spanish ships and steal their gold and silver?

A. Queen Elizabeth

B. Queen Mary

C. Queen Virginia

D. Queen Lisa

A. Queen Elizabeth

33. Who was the most famous of the British Sea Dogs that raided

the Spanish ships?

A. Sir Chad Pasley

B. Sir Francis Drake

C. Sir Walter Raleigh

D. Sir James Oglethorpe

B. Sir Francis Drake

34. What was the Battle of the Spanish Armada?

A. Naval battle fought between Spain and France

B. Naval battle fought between Spain and Italy

C. Naval battle fought between Spain and Germany

D. Naval battle fought between Spain and England

D. Naval battle fought between Spain and England

35. What was the Spanish Armada?

A. a large fleet of warships designed to sink the ships of the enemies navyB. Special Forces consisting of the Rangers and

the Green Beret sent in behind enemy lines to take out the enemies leader

C. many tanks and other heavy artillery designed to bomb the enemies soldiers and fortifications

D. a full brigade of soldiers on horseback (cavalry) who fought to the death

A. a large fleet of warships designed to sink the ships of the

enemies navy

36. What is a rise in the price of goods caused by an increase in

the amount of money in use?

A. Depression

B. Recession

C. Deflation

D. Inflation

D. Inflation

37. What was the mythical all-water route through North America that would allow ships to sail from the Atlantic to

the Pacific Ocean known as?

A. North American Thoroughfare

B. Northern River Path

C. Northwest Passage

D. Northwestern Canal

C. Northwest Passage

38. Spain and Portugal primarily focused on all of the following areas of

the Western Hemisphere, EXCEPT

A. Caribbean Islands

B. South America

C. North America

D. Central America

C. North America

39. Which of the following explorers wrote a book that inspired many

Europeans to want to learn more about Asia and its surrounding areas?

A. John Cabot

B. Christopher Columbus

C. Amerigo Vespucci

D. Marco Polo

D. Marco Polo

40. Who led the second major English attempt at a permanent settlement in

North America in the same location that the first attempt failed?

A. John Smith

B. John Davis

C. John White

D. John Black

C. John White

41. Which of the following was the primary business that most French businessmen or settlers took up in

North America?A. Farming

B. Ranching

C. Fur Trapping

D. Fishing

C. Fur Trapping

42. Which of the following groups treated Native Americans in the most positive manner during colonial times

in North America?

A. English

B. Spanish

C. French

D. German

C. French

43. Which group of people established the colony of New

Netherland in 1624?

A. Dutch

B. French

C. Italians

D. English

A. Dutch

44. All of the following were diseases that Europeans had built up resistance

to, but that killed many Native Americans when the Europeans came to North America during the period of

exploration EXCEPT

A. Typhus

B. Small Pox

C. Measles

D. Black Death

D. Black Death

45. Which of the following words, means to build up a natural resistance to a disease?

A. Vaccinate

B. Immune

C. Inoculate

D. Allergic

B. Immune

46. What was the title of the horrible voyage that enslaved Africans endured

to the Americas across the Atlantic Ocean aboard slave ships called?

A. Triangular Trade

B. Middle Passage

C. Slave Mission

D. Terrible Journey

B. Middle Passage

47. What is the name of the forced removal of people from Africa or the

scattering of a people called?

A. Middle Passage

B. Black Death

C. African Diaspora

D. Immigration of Slaves

C. African Diaspora

48. Approximately _____ Africans were boarded onto slave ships and shipped

across the Atlantic Ocean to the Americas from the 1520s to the 1860s.

A. 1 million

B. 5 million

C. 12 million

D. 18 million

C. 12 million

49. About how many enslaved Africans were brought to the British colonies or America as part of the

slave trade?A 200,000

B 600,000

C 900,000

D 1,500,000

B. 600,000

50. The _________ colonies received more enslaved Africans as part of Slave Trade than any other

location.A. French

B. English

C. Portuguese

D. Spanish

C. Portuguese

51. What was the MOST important reason why the English, French,

Portuguese, and Spanish merchants began searching for an all sea route to

Asia in 1400s?A. Overland trade routes had become more dangerous than they had been

B. Direct access to goods in the European countries would have increased profits

C. They wanted to bypass merchants who monopolized Asian products

D. Many educated Europeans had become interested in Asian cultures

C. They wanted to bypass merchants who monopolized

Asian products

52. All of the following helped Hernando Cortes destroy the

Aztec Empire EXCEPT?

A. Francisco Pizarro

B. conquistadors

C. Malintzin

D. smallpox

A. Francisco Pizarro

53. Which of the following peopole named the continents across the ocean “America” in honor of the

Italian explorer Amerigo Vespucci?A. an Italian merchant

B. a German mapmaker

C. a Portuguese sea captain

D. a Spanish sailor

B. a German mapmaker

54. A right that the Encomienda System gave to Spanish settlers was

A. They could import African slaves to the Americas without documentation

B. They could tax local American Indians or make them work

C. They could punish American Indians who did not attend church services

D. They could start plantations on local American Indian land

B. They could tax local American Indians or make them work

55. What was the network of paths and roads that connected the scattered communities of New

Spain known as?A. El Callejon de la Plato

B. El Entrada de Oro

C. El Camino Real

D. El Avenida del Virrey

C. El Camino Real

56. All of the following explain about the impact of the printing

press on the Protestant Reformation EXCEPT

A. Protestants used the printing press to print short ideas about the Bible on their own

B. The printing press allowed more and more people to read and think about the Bible on their own

C. Martin Luther took power from the Pope by using the printing press to publish a Bible in English.

D. The printing press allowed Protestants to print large numbers of Bibles

C. Martin Luther took power from the Pope by using the printing press to

publish a Bible in English.

57. What did Bartolome de Las Casas do to try and change Spain’s way of governing Native Americans in their

Spanish colonies?A. He wrote books and letters asking for better treatment of Native Americans

B. He revised laws regarding the use of African slaves

C. He complained about how the plantation owners were treated by the Native Americans

D. He insisted on the use of American Indians for plantation work

A. He wrote books and letters asking for better treatment of

Native Americans

58. How did the astrolabe aid explorers in finding new continents?

A. It allowed ship navigators to estimate distance from land by measuring the ocean’s depths

B. It allowed ship navigators to check location by charting the position of celestial bodies or the moon and stars

C. It allowed ship navigators to tell direction by aligning a magnetic strip with the North Pole

D. It allowed ship navigators to calculate the rate of travel by measuring the speed of headwinds.

B. It allowed ship navigators to check location by charting the

position of celestial bodies or the moon and stars

59. All of the following explorers were involved in the search for

the Northwest Passage EXCEPT

A. Henry Hudson

B. Jacques Cartier

C. Ferdinand Magellan

D. John Cabot

C. Ferdinand Magellan

60. What occurred in the Roanoke colony following the summer of 1587?

A. The colonists were brutally assaulted by local a large group of Spanish conquistadors

B. The colonists went back to England because they could not grow food

C. The colonists celebrated the first English birth in the present-day United States

D. The colonists abandoned the site and the reason is still a mystery

D. The colonists abandoned the site and the reason is still a

mystery

61. What were the three areas of life that the three types (pueblos, missions and presidios) of Spanish settlements

served in the Americas?

A. politics, religion and economics

B. economics, defense and religion

C. trade, defense and culture

D. defense, culture and politics

B. economics, defense and religion

62. What did the French call their North American territory?

A. Louisiana

B. New France

C. Quebec

D. Saint Laurent

B. New France

63. Why was King Philip II of Spain shocked by the defeat of the Spanish

Amada?

A His fleet was much bigger and stronger than the English fleet

B His ships were smaller and faster than the those of the English

C His fleet had just conquered France and the Netherlands

D His ships could not be replaced because of economic inflation

A. His fleet was much bigger and stronger than the English fleet

64. Who was the first European to reach the Mississippi River in 1541?

A. Jacques Marquette

B. Jacques Cartier

C. Hernando de Soto

D. Samuel de la Champlain

C. Hernando de Soto

65. What was the name of the new style ship that the Portuguese invented, that used triangular sails instead of the

old square-styled sails?

A. Longship

B. Schooner

C. Caravel

D. Kayak

C. Caravel

66. Which Portuguese explorer led an expedition down the western coast of Africa and continued on around the southern tip

and onto Calicut, India in July 1497?

A. Vasco da Gama

B. Christopher Columbus

C. Ferdinand Magellan

D. Bartolomeu Dias

A. Vasco da Gama

67. All of the following were ships on the expedition led by Christopher

Columbus EXCEPT

A Van Buren

B Santa Maria

C Nina

D Pinta

A. Van Buren

68. How many total journeys did Christopher Columbus make to the

Americas?

A. One

B. Two

C. Three

D. Four

D. Four

69. Who was the first European to see the Pacific Ocean from the

Americas?

A. Christopher Columbus

B. Vasco Nunez de Balboa

C. Ferdinand Magellan

D. Ponce de Leon

B. Vasco Nunez de Balboa

70. What was a Spanish soldier who led military expeditions to the

Americas called?

A. Warriors

B. Generals

C. Conquistadors

D. Matadors

C. Conquistadors

71. What was the capital city of the Aztecs?

A. Cuzco

B. Lima

C. Mexico City

D. Tenochtitlan

D. Tenochtitlan

72. What is one way in which the Great Convergence lead to an exchange

between cultures?A. European brought cattle, horses and grain and took

back tobacco, corn and cocoa

B. European explorers were tolerant of the diverse religious beliefs of Native Americans

C. People all across Europe began to dress and speak like Native Americans

D. Elements of all three cultures blended to form a new, common language

A. European brought cattle, horses and grain and took back tobacco, corn and cocoa

73. Who was the Moroccan-born slave that served as a guide under Alvar Nunez Cabeza de Vaca and

Panfilo de Narvaez? A. Atilla

B. Estevanico

C. Moctezuma

D. Michelangelo

B Estevanico

74. What did Francisco Vasquez de Coronado find while searching for a

legendary city?

A. Mississippi River

B. Rocky Mountains

C. Grand Canyon

D. Badlands

C. Grand Canyon

75. About what percent of the Spanish Empire in the Americas consisted of Native Americans?

A. 40 percent

B. 65 percent

C. 80 percent

D. 95 percent

C. 80 percent

76. What was a settler who came to the Spanish Empire from Spain

called?

A. Mestizo

B. Peninsulares

C. Creole

D. Alien

B. Peninsulares

77. Who was the group of French Protestants that eventually

immigrated to the Americas?

A. Presbyterians

B. Huguenots

C. Francines

D. Methodists

B. Huguenots

78. What was the name of the church that King Henry VIII of England founded

in 1534 and placed himself in charge of?

A. Catholic Church

B. Anglican Church

C. Protestant Church

D. Church of London

B. Anglican Church

79. When the Spanish Armada was defeated, all of the following

countries gained the confidence to challenge Spain’s power EXCEPT

A. England

B. Netherlands

C. Italy

D. France

C. Italy

80. Who was the Italian sailor that sailed for the King of England and made journeys to North America in

1497 and 1498 looking for the Northwest Passage?

A. Giovanni de Verrazono

B. John Cabot

C. Samuel de la Champlain

D. Henry Hudson

B. John Cabot

81. Even though he did not find the Northwest Passage that he was

searching for, John Cabot’s voyages did establish

A. the basis for Spain’s claims to the lands in North America

B. the basis for England’s claims to land in North America

C. the basis for Italy’s claims to land in North America

D. the basis for Portugal’s claims to land in North America

B. the basis for England’s claims to land in North America

82. Who was the Italian sea captain that sailed for France in 1524

looking for the Northwest Passage, sailing from present-day North

Carolina to Maine?A. John Cabot

B. Giovanni da Verrazano

C. Samuel de la Champlain

D. John White

B. Giovanni da Verrazano

83. Who was the French sailor, sailing for France in 1534 and 1535,

that sailed into Canada and down the Saint Lawrence River to

present-day Montreal?

A. Henry Hudson

B. Giovanni de Verrazano

C. Samuel de la Champlain

D. Jacques Cartier

D. Jacques Cartier

84. Who was the English sea captain that sailed into present-day

New York for the Dutch in 1609 looking for the Northwest Passage?

A. Henry Hudson

B. John Cabot

C. Jacques Cartier

D. Giovanni de Verrazano

A. Henry Hudson

85. Who was the English sailor, that sailed for the Dutch in 1610 and found

a strait that he thought was the Northwest Passage, but ended up in a

bay that has his name today?

A. Giovanni de Verrazano

B. John Cabot

C. Henry Hudson

D. Sir John Hawkins

C. Henry Hudson

86. Who was the Englishmen that received permission to establish the first English colony in the Western

Hemisphere?

A. Sir Walter Raleigh

B. Sir Jimmy Lenz

C. Sir Francis Drake

D. Sir Duke of Wonder

A. Sir Walter Raleigh

87. The English chose to try and establish their first colony on which island off the coast of present-day North Carolina – lasting less than a

year, before returning back to England.

A. Manhattan Island

B. Mackinaw Island

C. Pawtucket Island

D. Roanoke Island

D. Roanoke Island

88. What is the second major English colony in North America known as,

because their colony was abandoned and no one knows why?

A. Dead Colony

B. Lost Colony

C. Missing Colony

D. Failed Colony

B. Lost Colony

89. The first attempt at a French colony in North America was established by

the Huguenots in

A. Florida

B. Texas

C. Virginia

D. Louisiana

A. Florida

90. What settlement did the French sailor, Samuel de la Champlain establish after sailing down the Saint Lawrence River in 1608?

A. Saskatchewan

B. Quebec

C. Victoria Island

D. Ontario

B. Quebec

91. What was the river that the French explorer Louis Joliet and missionary Jacques Marquette

sailed all the way down to Arkansas on in 1673?

A. Missouri River

B. Amazon River

C. Colombia River

D. Mississippi River

D. Mississippi River

92. What name did the French give to the area, where the Mississippi River flows into the Gulf of Mexico to honor their king back in France?

A. Louisiana

B. Texas

C. Florida

D. Georgia

A. Louisiana

93. All of the following were major effects of the search for an all-water

route to Asia EXCEPT

A. Awareness of different cultures and ways of life

B. Face-to-face contact with traders in distant lands

C. The discovery of a sea route to Asia

D. A new religion known as Catholicism was discovered

D. A new religion known as Catholicism was discovered

94. Who was the Dutch member of the West India Company that purchased

Manhattan Island from the Native Americans for $24.00 in goods and

trinkets?

A. Marco Polo

B. Elvis Presley

C. Peter Minuit

D. John White

C. Peter Minuit

95. All of the following were things that African slaves had or did to help keep themselves together through the hard

times of slavery EXCEPTA. The practicing of religion which helped the slaves have a sense of self-worth and salvation in their current life and the next B. The singing of songs, telling folktales, art and dance helped them remember their African heritage and traditionsC. The keeping a family together was something that slaves tried

to do, because it was one part of the slaves life that was fully under control of the owner

D. The desire to work as hard as possible, to honor the owners wishes, to serve the owner with undying love and to show thanks to the owner for providing them such a great life away from the horrors and evils of Africa

D. The desire to work as hard as possible, to honor the owners

wishes, to serve the owner with undying love and to show thanks to the owner for providing them such a great life away from the

horrors and evils of Africa

96. Which of the following was a MAJOR advantage that Hernándo

Cortés’ men had over the Aztec warriors?

A. They had control of the capital city.

B. They developed a cologne that was offensive to the Aztecs, causing them to run away.

C. They wore boots on their feet rather than sandals.

D. They wore body armor and used guns as weapons, instead of bows and arrows.

D. They wore armor and used guns as weapons, rather than

bows and arrows.

Chapter Two Extended Response QuestionsAnswer this on your own sheet of paper.

During the Age of Exploration, once-isolated cultures came into contact because of the movement of people between the eastern and western hemispheres (The Great Convergence). This coming together of cultures resulted in what historians call the Columbian Exchange.

a) Describe the Columbian Exchange

b) Explain one positive effect of the Columbian Exchange.

c) Explain one negative effect of the Columbian Exchange.